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Laser Spectroscopy pp 567–607Cite as

Optical Pumping and Double-Resonance Techniques

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Abstract

Optical pumping means selective population or depletion of atomic or molecular levels by aborption of radiation, resulting in a population change ΔN in these levels, which causes a noticeable deviation from the thermal equilibrium population. With intense atomic resonance lines emitted from hollow-cathode lamps or from microwave discharge lamps, optical pumping had successfully been used for a long time in atomic spectroscopy, even before the invention of the laser [10.1, 10.2]. However, the introduction of lasers as very powerful pumping sources with narrow linewidths has substantially increased the application range of optical pumping. In particular, lasers have facilitated the transfer of this well-developed technique to molecular spectroscopy. While early experiments on optical pumping of molecules [10.3, 10.4] were restricted to accidental coincidences between molecular absorption lines and atomic resonance lines from incoherent sources, the possibility of tuning a laser to the desired molecular transition provides a much more selective and effective pumping process. It allows, because of the larger intensity, a much larger change ΔN i = N i0 - N i of the population density in the selected level |i〉 from its unsaturated value N i0 at thermal equilibrium to a nonequilibrium value N i .

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  1. Fachbereich Physik, Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany

    Professor Dr. Wolfgang Demtröder

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Demtröder, W. (2003). Optical Pumping and Double-Resonance Techniques. In: Laser Spectroscopy. Advanced Texts in Physics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05155-9_10

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