Abstract
The numbers of the chromosomes of Brassica and legumes were identified at an early stage of chromosome research. The earliest report on the chromosome numbers of Brassica species was back in 1916 when Takamine precisely determined the chromosome number of B. rapa (B. campestris, A genome) as 20. Trouard-Riolle also determined the chromosome number of Raphanus sativus as 18 in 1916. The chromosome numbers of B. oleracea and B. nigra, which contain the C and B genomes, respectively, were also determined as 18 and 16, respectively, by Karpechenko in 1924 (Gomez-Campo and Hinata 1980). By 1980, chromosome numbers of more than 240 taxa of the tribe Bras-sicaceae had been determined and listed (Gomez-Campo and Hinata 1980). Chromosome research into the legumes has a similar history to that of Bras-sica. The chromosome number of Glycine max, with typical small type (S-type; Fukui 1996; Fukui et al. 2000) chromosomes, was reported by Karpechenko in 1925 and by Veatch in 1934 (Singh et al. 2001). The chromosome number of Lotus japonicus was reported as 2n = 24 in 1930 (Kawakami 1930). The fact, however, that all the chromosomes are similar in both size and morphology at mitotic metaphase, made it difficult to identify individual chromosomes. Although Yanagisawa et al. (1991) found that there are marker chromosomes commonly observed in the species of the genus Glycine, it is far from complete identification of all the chromosomes.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abbo S, Miller TE, Reader SM, Dunford RR, King IP (1994) Detection of ribosomal DNA sites in lentil and chickpea by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Genome 37:713–716
Cheng BF, Heneen WK, Chen BY (1995a) Mitotic karyotypes of Brassica campestris and Brassica alboglabra and identification of the B. alboglabra chromosome in an addition line. Genome 38:313–319
Cheng BF, Heneen WK, Pedersen C (1995b) Ribosomal RNA gene loci and their nucleolar activity in Brassica alboglabra Bailey. Hereditas 123:169–173
Cheng RI, Grant WF (1973) Species relationships in the Lotus corniculatus group as determined by karyotype and cytophotometric analysis. Can J Genet Cytol 15:101–105
Chua YL, Brown APC, Gray JC (2001) Targeted histone acetylation and altered nuclease accessibility over short regions of the pea plastocyanin gene. Plant Cell 13:599–612
Dubcovsky J, Dvorak J (1995) Ribosomal RNA multigene loci: nomads of the Triticeae genomes. Genetics 140:1367–1377
Endo TR (1986) complete identification of wheat chromosomes by means of a C-banding technique. Jpn J Genet 61:89–96
Fransz RF, Alonso-Bianco C, Liharska TB, Peeters AJM, Zabel P et al. (1996) High-resolution physical mapping in Arabidopsis thaliana and tomato by fluorescence in situ hybridization to extended DNA fibers. Plant J 9:421–430
Fuchs J, Schubert I (1995) Localization of seed protein genes on metaphase chromosomes of Vicia faba via fluorescence in situ hybridization. Chromosome Res 3:94–100
Fuchs J, Kuhne M, Schubert I (1998a) Assignment of linkage groups to pea chromosomes after karyotyping and gene mapping by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Chromosoma 107:272–276
Fuchs J, Strehl S, Brandes A, Schweizer D, Schubert I (1998b) Molecular-cytogenetic characterization of the Vicia faba genome-heterochromatin differentiation, replication patterns and sequence localization. Chromosome Res 6:219–230
Fukui K (1986) Standardization of karyotyping plant chromosome by a newly developed chromosome image analyzing system (CHIAS). Theor Appl Genet 72:27–32
Fukui K (1996) Plant chromosomes at mitosis. In: Fukui K, Nakayama S (eds) Plant chromosomes: laboratory methods. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp1–17
Fukui K, Iijima K (1991) Somatic chromosome map of rice by imaging methods. Theor Appl Genet 81:589–596
Fukui K, Kamisugi Y (1995) Mapping of C-banded Crepis chromosomes by imaging methods. Chromosome Res 3:79–86
Fukui K, Mukai Y (1988) Condensation pattern as a new image parameter for the identification of small chromosomes in plants. Jpn J Genet 63:59–366
Fukui K, Nakayama S (1996) Analysis of chromosome information. In: Fukui K, Nakayama S (eds) Plant chromosomes: laboratory methods. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 241–255
Fukui K, Nakayama S, Ohmido N, Yoshiaki H, Yamabe M (1998) Quantitative karyotyping of three diploid Brassica species by imaging methods and localization of 45S rDNA loci on the identified chromosomes. Theor Appl Genet 96:325–330
Fukui K, Ohmido N, Wako T (2000) Smallness: gain and loss in plant chromosome research. In: Olmo E, Redi A (eds) Chromosome today, vol 13. Birkrf user Verlag, Basel, Switzerland, pp 287–301
Griffor MC, Vodkin LO, Singh RJ, Hymowitz T (1991) Fluorescent in situ hybridization to soybean metaphase chromosomes. Plant Mol Biol 17:101–109
Gomez-Campo C, Hinata K (1980) A check list of chromosome numbers in the tribe Brassicaceae. In: Tsunoda S, Hinata K, Gomez-Campo C (eds) Brassica crops and wild allies. Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo, pp 51–63
Ha S, Moore PH, Heinz D, Kato S, Ohmido N, Fukui K (1999) Quantitative chromosome map of the polyploid Saccharum spontaneum by multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization and imaging methods. Plant Mol Biol 39:1165–1173
Handberg K, Stougaard J (1992) Lotus japonicus, an autogamous, diploid legume species for classical and molecular genetics. Plant J 2:487–496
Hayashi M, Miyahara M, Sato S, Kato T, Yoshikawa M, Taketa M, Hayashi M, Pedrosa A, Onda R, Imaizumi-Anraku H, Bachmair A, Sandal N, Stougaard J, Murooka Y, Tabata S, Kawasaki S, Kawaguchi M, Harada K (2001) Construction of a genetic linkage map of the model legume Lotus japonicus using an intraspecific F2 population. DNA Res 8:301–310
Hu CH (1964) Further studies on the chromosome morphology of Oryza sativa L. In: Rice genetics and cytogenetics. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 51–61
Iijima K, Kakeda K, Fukui K (1991) Identification and characterization of somatic rice chromosomes by imaging methods. Theor Appl Genet 81:597–605
Ito M, Ohmido N, Akiyama Y, Fukui K (2000a) Quantitative chromosome map of Arabidopsis thaliana L. by imaging methods. Cytologia 65:325–331
Ito M, Miyamoto J, Mori Y, Fujimoto S, Uchiumi T, Abe M, Suzuki A, Tabata S, Fukui K (2000b) Genome and chromosome dimensions of Lotus japonicus. J Plant Res 113:435–442
Jiang Q, Gresshoff PM (1997) Classical and molecular genetics of the model legume Lotus japonicus. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 10:59–68
Kamisugi Y, Furuya N, Iijima K, Fukui K (1993) Computer-aided automatic identification of rice chromosomes by image parameters. Chromosome Res 1:189–196
Kamisugi Y, Nakayama S, O’Neill CN, Mathias RJ, Trick M, Fukui K (1998) Visualization of the Brassica self-incompatibility S-locus on identified oilseed rape chromosomes. Plant Mol Biol 38:1043–1052
Kato S, Fukui K (1998) Condensation pattern (CP) analysis of plant chromosomes using a newly developed chromosome image analyzing system, CHIAS III. Chromosome Res 6:473–479
Kato S, Hirose T, Akiyama Y, O’Neill CM, Fukui K (1997) Manual on the chromosome image analyzing system III, CHIAS III. Res Rep Dev Agric Hokuriku Area 36:1–76
Kawakami J (1930) Chromosome numbers in Leguminosae. Bot Mag (Tokyo) 44:319–328
Koornneef M, wan Eden J, Hanhart CJ, Stam CJ, Branksma FJ, Feenstra WJ (1983) Linkage map of Arabidopsis thaliana. J Hered 74:265–272
Kurata N, Omura T (1978) Karyotype analysis in rice I. A new method for identifying all chromosome pairs. Jpn J Genet 53:251–255
Lalonde BA, Nasrallah ME, Dwyer KG, Chen CH, Barlow B, Nasrallah JB (1989) A highly conserved Brassica gene with homology to the S-locus specific glycoprotein structural gene. Plant Cell 1:249–258
Leitch AR, Schwarzacher T, Mosgoller W, Bennett MD, Heslop-Harrison JS (1991) Parental genomes are separated throughout the cell cycle in a plant hybrid. Chromosoma 101:206–213
Li G, Chandrasekharan MB, Wolffe AP, Hall TC (2001) Chromatin structure and phaseolin gene regulation. Plant Mol. Biol 46:121–129
Malusynska J, Heslop-Harrison JS (1993a) Molecular cytogenetics of the genus Arabidopsis: in situ localization of rDNA sites, chromosome numbers and diversity in centromeric hete-rochromatin. Ann Bot 71:479–484
Malusynska J, Heslop-Harrison JS (1993b) Physical mapping of rDNA in Brassica species. Genome 36:774–781
Murata M, Heslop-Harrison JS, Motoyoshi F (1997) Physical mapping of the 5S ribosomal RNA genes in Arabidopsis thaliana by multi-color fluorescence in situ hybridization with cosmid clones. Plant J 12:31–37
Ohmido N, Fukui K (1997) Visual verification of close disposition between a rice A genome-specific DNA sequence (TrsA) and the telomere sequence. Plant Mol Biol 35:963–968
Ohmido N, Akiyama Y, Fukui K (1998) Systematic mapping of unique nucleotide sequences on identified rice chromosomes. Plant Mol Biol 38:1081–1087
Ohmido N, Kijima K, Ashikawa I, de Jong JH, Fukui K (2001) Visualization of the terminal structure of rice chromosomes using multicolor FISH on extended DNA fibers. Plant Mol Biol 47:413–421
Olin-Fatih M (1996) The morphology, cytology, and C-banded karyotypes of Brassica campestris, B. oleracea and B. napus plants regenerated from protoplasts. Theor Appl Genet 93:414–420
Schubert I (1984) Mobile nucleolus organizing regions (NORs) in Allium (Liliaceae s. lat.)—inferences from the specificity of silver staining. Plant Syst Evol 144:291–305
Schwarzacher T, Leitch AR, Bennett MD (1989) In situ localization of parental genomes in a wide hybrid. Ann Bot 64:315–324
Shishido R, Sano Y, Fukui K (2000) Ribosomal DNAs: an exception to the conservation of gene order in rice genomes. Mol Gen Genet 263:586–591
Shoemaker RC, Polzin K, Labate J, Specht J, Brummer EC, Olson T, Young N, Concibido V, Wilcox J, Tamulonis JP, Kochert G, Boerma HR (1996) Genomic duplication in soybean (Glycine subgenus soja). Genetics 144:329–338
Singh RJ, Kim HH, Hymowitz T (2001) Distribution of rDNA loci in the genus Glycine Wild. Theor Appl Genet 103:212–218
Skorupska H, Albertsen MC, Longholz KD, Palmer RG (1989) Detection of ribosomal RNA genes in soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., by in situ hybridization. Genome 32:1091–1095
Snowdon RJ, Koehler W, Koehler A (1997) A chromosomal localization and characterization of rDNA loci in the Brassica A and C genomes. Genome 40:582–587
Strahl BD, Allis CD (2000) The language of covalent histone modifications. Nature 403:41–45
Suzuki G, Kai N, Hirose T, Fukui K, Nishio T, Takayama S, Isogai A, Watanabe M, Hinata K (1999) Genomic organization of the S locus: Identification and characterization of genes in SLG/SRK region of S 9 haplotype of Brassica campestris (syn. rapa). Genetics 153:391–400
Xu SJ, Singh RJ, Hymowitz T (2000) Monosomics in soybean: origin, identification, cytology, and breeding behavior. Crop Sci 40:985–989
Yanagisawa T, Tano S, Fukui K, Harada K (1991) Marker chromosomes commonly observed in the genus Glycine. Theor Appl Genet 81:606–612
Zheng J, Irifune K, Hirai K, Nakata M, Tanaka R, Morikawa H (1994) In situ hybridization to metaphase chromosomes in six species of Phaseolus and Vigna using ribosomal DNA as the probe. J Plant Res 107:365–369
Zhong X, Fransz PF, Wennekes-van Eden J, Ramanna MS, van Kammen A, Zabel P (1998) FISH studies reveal the molecular and chromosomal organization of individual telomere domains in tomato. Plant J 13:507–517
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Fukui, K. (2003). Brassica and Legume Chromosomes. In: Nagata, T., Tabata, S. (eds) Brassicas and Legumes From Genome Structure to Breeding. Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, vol 52. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05036-1_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05036-1_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-07662-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-05036-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive