Abstract
Direct-gap semiconductors interact extremely strongly with light, absorbing energy in the promotion of electrons into the conduction band. The lifetime of the photoexcited electrons is several nanoseconds, set by competing processes of radiative and non-radiative recombination. Of increasing interest in the last decade, is the phase of the photoexcited electrons (or the interband coherence) induced by the oscillating optical field (Fig. 6.1). The time for this phase memory to be lost is much shorter than the carrier lifetime, typically less than 100 fs in bulk materials at room temperature, and is controlled by the range of possible phase scattering events accessible to the carriers. By freezing out the lattice vibrations at low temperatures, and quantum confining the carriers in volumes smaller than their de Broglie wavelengths, it is possible to reduce the phase scattering. Such confinement produces quasi-atomic energy levels whose separation restricts the events that can cause phase scattering. However even in fully-confining semiconductor quantum dots at liquid helium temperatures (see Chap. 9), the phase decay is only slowed by a factor of 200 [1]. Thus although such quantum dot systems have been suggested as all-solid-state elements for quantum computing applications, they are still prone to dephasing events which cause errors.
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Baumberg, J.J. (2002). Spin Condensates in Semiconductor Microcavities. In: Awschalom, D.D., Loss, D., Samarth, N. (eds) Semiconductor Spintronics and Quantum Computation. NanoScience and Technology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05003-3_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05003-3_6
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