Abstract
The drive to build a framework for coherent semiconductor spintronic devices provides a strong motivation for understanding the coherent evolution of spin states in semiconductors [1,2]. The fundamental aim in this context is to discover regimes in which carefully prepared quantum states based upon spin can evolve coherently long enough to allow the storage, manipulation and transport of quantum information in devices. Such devices might exploit, for instance, the interference between two coherently-occupied spin states whose time variation occurs at a frequency ΔE/h, where ΔE is their energy separation. Since typical spin splittings in semiconductors are in the range of meV, the rapidly varying oscillations of a classical observable such as the spin orientation (magnetization) can occur at GHz-THz frequencies, providing the basis for ultrafast devices. Another possibility is that this quantum interference may actually be used as part of a calculation within the context of quantum computing algorithms [3]. It is hence crucial to develop experimental tools that probe spin coherence in semiconductors and that allow one to map out schemes for its manipulation, storage and transport. The previous chapter formulated the theoretical foundations underlying coherent spin dynamical phenomena in semiconductors and introduced specific mechanisms that may be responsible for spin relaxation and spin decoherence, pointing out the important physical distinctions between longitudinal and transverse spin relaxation times (T 1 and T 2, respectively) [4]. We note that it is the latter timescale that is of direct relevance to coherent spin devices and hence we focus on experimental techniques that probe the transverse spin relaxation time in semiconductors.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
S. Wolf et al., Science 294, 1488 (2001).
D. D. Awschalom and J. M. Kikkawa, Phys. Today 52, 33 (1999).
D. Divincenzo, Science 270, 255 (1995).
W. H. Lau, J. T. Olesberg, and M. E. Flatté, Phys. Rev. B (2001).
D. D. Awschalom, J. M. Halbout, S. von Molnar, T. Siegrist, F. Holtzberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 1128 (1985).
J.J. Baumberg, D.D. Awschalom, N. Samarth, H. Luo, J.K. Furdyna, Phys. Rev.Lett. 72, 717 (1994).
T. Ostreich, K. Schonhammer and L. J. Sham, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 2554 (1995).
S. A. Crooker, D. D. Awschalom, J. J. Baumberg, F. Flack, and N. Samarth, Phys. Rev. B 56, 7574 (1997); S. A. Crooker, J. J. Baumberg, F. Flack, N. Samarth, and D. D. Awschalom, Phys. Rev. Lett. (1996).
J. M. Kikkawa, I. P. Smorchkova, N. Samarth, and D. D. Awschalom, Science 277, 1284 (1997).
J. M. Kikkawa and D. D. Awschalom, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 4313 (1998).
J. M. Kikkawa and D. D. Awschalom, Nature (London) 397, 139 (1999).
I. Malajovich, J. M. Kikkawa, D. D. Awschalom, J. J. Berry, and N. Samarth, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 1015 (2000).
I. Malajovich, J. J. Berry, N. Samarth, and D. D. Awschalom, Nature (London) 411, 770 (2001).
B. Beschoten, E. Johnston-Halperin, D.K. Young, M. Poggio, J.E. Grimaldi, S. Keller, S.P. DenBaars, U.K. Mishra, E.L. Hu, and D.D. Awschalom, Phys. Rev. B 63, R121202 (2001).
J. M. Kikkawa and D. D. Awschalom, Science 287, 473 (2000).
J. A. Gupta, R. Knobel, N. Samarth, and D. D. Awschalom, Science 292, 2458 (2001).
A.P. Heberle, J.J. Baumberg, K. K.hler., Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 2598 (1995).
S. Bar-Ad and I. Bar-Joseph, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 349 (1992).
R.M. Hannak, M. Oestreich, A.P. Heberle, W.W. Ruhle, K. Kohler, Solid State Comm. 93, 313 (1995).
M. Oestreich and W.W. Ruhle, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 2315 (1995);
M. Oestreich, et al., Phys. Rev. B 53, 7911 (1996).
T. Amand, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 1355 (1997).
R. J. Elliot, Phys. Rev. 96, 266 (1954).
M. I. D’yakonov and V. I. Perel’, Soy. Phys. JETP 33, 1053 (1971); Sov. Phys. Solid State 13, 3023 (1972).
Optical Orientation, Modern Problems in Condensed Matter Science, edited by F. Meier and B. P. Zachachrenya (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1984 ), Vol. 8.
G. Bir, A. Aronov, and G. Pikus, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 69 1382 (1975) [Sov. Phys. JETP 42, 705 (1976)].
A. Abragam, The Principles of Nuclear Magnetism ( Clarendon, Oxford, 1961 ).
M. J. Yang et al., Phys. Rev. B 47, 6807 (1993).
G. Fishman and G. Lampel, Phys. Rev. B 16, 820 (1977);
K. Zerrouati et al., Phys. Rev. B 37, 1334 (1988).
A. G. Aronov, G. E. Pikus, and A. N. Titkov, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 84, 1170 (1983) [Soy. Phys. JETP 57, 680 (1983)].
P. Boguslawski, Solid State Commun. 33, 389 (1980).
S Nakamura, Science 281, 956 (1998); S. F. Chichibu et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 1460 (1999).
B. Heying, et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 68, 643 (1996); P.J. Hansen, et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 2247 (1998).
D. C. Look and J. R. Sizelove, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 1237 (1999).
H. M. Ng et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 821 (1998); N.G. Weinmann et al., J. Appl. Phys. 83, 3656 (1998).
W. E. Carlos, J. A. Freitas Jr., M. Asif Kahn, D. T. Olson, and J. N. Kuzina, Phys. Rev. B 48, 17878 (1993).
A. P. Alivisatos, Science 271, 933 (1996).
D. Loss and D. P. DiVincenzo, Phys. Rev. A 57, 120 (1998).
C. B. Murray, D. J. Norris and M. G. Bawendi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 8706 (1993).
J.A. Gupta, X.Peng, A.P. Alivisatos and D.D. Awschalom, Phys. Rev. B 59, R10421 (1999).
X. Marie et al., Phys. Rev. B 60, 5811 (1999).
J.A. Gupta, Al.L. Efros and D.D. Awschalom, in preparation.
M. E. Flatté and J. M. Byers, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4220 (2000).
D. D. Awschalom and N. Samarth, J. Mag. Magn. Mater. 200 (1999).
J. M. Kikkawa, I. P. Smorchkova, N, Samarth, and D. D. Awschalom, Physica E 2, 394 (1998).
N. Samarth and J. K. Furdyna, Phys. Rev. B 37, 9227 (1988);
S. Rajagopalan, Ph. D. Thesis, Purdue University (1988).
J. Stühler et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 2567 (1995).
G. Lampel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 20, 491 (1968).
G Salis et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 2677 (2001)
G. Salis et al., Phys. Rev. B 64, 195304 (2001).
J.A. Gupta and D.D. Awschalom, Phys. Rev. B 63, 085303 (2001).
J. Preskill, quant-ph/9712048 at http://xxx.lanl.gov (1997).
C. Cohen-Tannoudji and J. Dupont-Roc, Phys. Rev. A 5, 968 (1972).
M. Rosatzin, D. Suter, and J. Mlynek, Phys. Rev. A 42, 1839 (1990).
R. K. Kawakami et al., Science 294, 131 (2001).
R. K. Kawakami et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 2379 (2000).
H. Ohno, Science 281, 951 (1998).
M. Tanaka et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 65, 1964 (1994).
D. Paget, G. Lampel, B. Sapoval, and V. I. Safarov, Phys. Rev. B 15, 5780 (1977).
R. J. Epstein et al., Phys. Rev. B 65, 121202 (2002).
G. Salis et al., Nature (London) 414, 619 (2001).
C. Weisbuch and C. Hermann, Phys. Rev. B 15, 816 (1977).
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Awschalom, D.D., Samarth, N. (2002). Optical Manipulation, Transport and Storage of Spin Coherence in Semiconductors. In: Awschalom, D.D., Loss, D., Samarth, N. (eds) Semiconductor Spintronics and Quantum Computation. NanoScience and Technology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05003-3_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05003-3_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-07577-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-05003-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive