Abstract
Anomalies of the upper airway constitute a relatively uncommon cause of neonatal respiratory distress. Unfortunately, the clinical presentation of some of these malformations is non-specific, yet potentially life threatening. As well, many of these anomalies require a level of skill in airway management which may require subspecialty intervention from those with extensive airway management skills to secure a functional and patent airway in a proper manner. Early radiological recognition of the type of malformation can direct subsequent investigation and airway management into an effective and efficient course. This chapter reviews the imaging manifestations of some of the more common or classic malformations, in conjunction with the usual clinical presentations with which each is associated.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Baxter JD, Dunbar JS (1963) Tracheomalacia. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 72:1013–1023
Benjamin B, Pitkin J, Cohen D (1981) Congenital tracheal stenosis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 90:364–371
Berdon WE, Baker DH, Wung JT et al (1984) Complete cartilage-ring tracheal stenosis associated with anomalous left pulmonary artery: the ring-sling complex. Radiology 152:57–64
Brasch RC, Gould RG, Gooding CA et al (1987) Upper airway obstruction in infants and children: evaluation with ultra-fast CT. Radiology 165:459–466
Bui TH, Grunewald C, Frenckner B et al (2000) Successful EXIT (Ex Utero Intrapartum Treatment) procedure in a fetus diagnosed prenatally with congenital high-airway obstruction syndrome due to laryngeal atresia. Eur J Pediatr Surg 10:328–333
Cantrell JR, Guild HG (1964) Congenital stenosis of the trachea. Am J Surg 108:297–705
Chen J-C, Holinger LD (1994) Congenital tracheal anomalies. Pediatr Pathol 14:513–537
Chung CJ, Fordham LA, Mukherji SK (2000) The paediatric airway: a review of differential diagnosis by anatomy and pathology. Neuroimaging Clin North Am 10:161–180
Cunningham MJ, Eavey RD, Vlahakes GJ et al (1998) Slide tracheoplasty for long-segment tracheal stenosis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 124:98–103
DeCou JM, Jones DC, Jacobs HD et al (1998) Successful Ex Utero Intrapartum Treatment (EXIT) procedure for congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS) owing to laryngeal atresia. J Pediatr Surg 33:1563–1565
Dohlemann C, Mantel K, Vogl TJ et al (1995) Pulmonary sling: morphological findings. Pre- and postoperative course. Eur J Pediatr 154:2–14
Elmasalme F, Giacomantonio M, Clarke KD et al (2000) Congenital cervical teratoma in neonates. Case report and review. Eur J Pediatr Surg 10:252–257
Faerber EN, Swartz JD (1991) Imaging of neck masses in infants and children. Crit Rev Diagn Imaging 31:283–314
Filler RM, Forte V, Chait P (1998) Tracheobronchial stenting for the treatment of airway obstruction. J Pediatr Surg 33:304–311
Green J, Dickinson FL, Rickett A et al (1998) MRI in the assessment of a newborn with cervical teratoma. Pediatr Radiol 28:709–710
Grillo HC (1996) Pediatric tracheal problems. Chest Surg Clin North Am 6:693–700
Hislop A, Reid L (1970) New pathological findings in emphysema of childhood. 1. Polyalveolar lobe with emphysema. Thorax 25:682–690
Johnson DG (1991) Tracheal stenosis. In: Fallis JC, Filler RM, Lemoine G (eds) Pediatric thoracic surgery. (Current topics in general thoracic surgery) Elsevier Science, New York, pp 151–160
Jones JE, Young E, Heier L (1998) Congenital bony nasal cavity deformities. Am J Rhinol 12:81–86
Jordan RB, Gauderer MW (1988) Cervical teratomas: an analysis. Literature review and proposed classification. J Pediatr Surg 23:583–591
Joseph PM, Berdon WE, Baker DH et al (1976) Upper airway obstruction in infants and small children. Improved radiographic diagnosis by combining filtration, high kilovoltage, and magnification. Radiology 121:143–148
Kathary N, Bulas DI, Newman KD, Schonberg RL (2001) MR imaging of fetal neck masses with airway compromise: utility in delivery planning. Pediatr Radiol 31:727–731
Katzen JT, Holliday RA, McCarthy JG (2001) Imaging the neonatal mandible for accurate distraction osteogenesis. J Cra-niofac Surg 12:26–30
Keller JL, Kacker A (2000) Choanal atresia, CHARGE association, and congenital nasal stenosis. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 33:1343–1351
Kirkpatrick BV, Mueller DG (1998) Respiratory disorders of the newborn. In: Churnick V, Boat TF, Kendig EL (eds) Ken-dig’s disorders of the respiratory tract in children, 6th edn, chap 15. Saunders, Toronto, pp 328–363
Koeller KK, Alamo L, Adair CF, Smirniotopoulas JG (1999) Congenital cystic masses of the neck: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics 19:121–146
Landau LI (1999) Investigation and treatment of chronic stridor in infancy. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 54:18–21
Lerner DL, Perez Fontan JJ (1998) Prevention and treatment of upper airway obstruction in infants and children. Curr Opin Pediatr 10:265–270
Mancuso RF (1996) Stridor in neonates. Pediatr Clin North Am 43:1339–1356
Manson D, Babyn P, Filler R et al (1994) Three-dimensional imaging of the pediatric trachea in congenital tracheal stenosis. Pediatr Radiol 24:175–179
Manson D, Filler R, Gordon R (1996) Tracheal growth in congenital tracheal stenosis. Pediatr Radiol 26:427–430
Mitchell DB, Irwin BC, Bailey CM et al (1987) Cysts of the infant larynx. J Laryngol Otol 101:833–837
Moungthong G, Holinger LD (1997) Laryngotracheoesopha-geal clefts. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 106:1002–1011
Murphy P, Lloyd-Thomas A, Elliott M (1990) Management of congenital tracheal stenosis in infants. Br J Hosp Med 44:266–270
Phipps CD, Gibson WS, Wood WE (1997) Infantile subglottic hemangioma: a review and presentation of two cases of surgical excision. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 18/41:71–79
Roth B, Rose KG, Benz-Bohm G et al (1983) Laryngo-tracheo-oesophageal cleft. Clinical features, diagnosis and therapy. Eur J Pediatr 140:41–46
Shikhani AH, Jones MM, Marsh BR et al (1986) Infantile subglottic hemangiomas. An update. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 95:336–347
Strife JL (1988) Upper airway and tracheal obstruction in infants and children. Radiol Clin North Am 26:309–322
Thurmond M, Cote DN (1996) Stridor in the neonate: laryn-gomalacia. J La State Med Soc 148:375–378
Toki A, Todani T, Watanabe Y et al (1997) Spiral computed tomography with 3-dimensional reconstruction for the diagnosis of tracheobronchial stenosis. Pediatr Surg Int 12:334–336
Tomaski SM, Zalzal GH, Saal HM (1995) Airway obstruction in the Pierre Robin sequence. Laryngoscope 105:111–114
Wailoo MP, Emery JL (1979) The trachea in children with tra- cheo-oesophageal fistula. Histopathology 3:329–338
Weber PC, Kenna MA, Casselbrant ML (1993) Laryngeal cysts: a cause of neonatal airway obstruction. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 109:129–134
Wittenborg WH, Gyepes MT, Crocker D (1967) Tracheal dynamics in infants with respiratory distress, stridor and collapsing trachea. Radiology 88:653–662
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Manson, D. (2002). Congenital Anomalies of the Neonatal Upper Airway. In: Donoghue, V. (eds) Radiological Imaging of the Neonatal Chest. Medical Radiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04983-9_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04983-9_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-04985-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-04983-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive