Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Chemical and Physical Properties of Marine Aerosols: An Introduction

  • Chapter
Chemistry of Marine Water and Sediments

Part of the book series: Environmental Science ((ENVSCIENCE))

Abstract

The atmosphere is an important pathway for the transport of particulate matter from the continents to the oceans. Although the magnitude of these wind-borne fluxes is not accurately known, there is evidence that some could be large enough to have a significant impact on chemical and biological processes in the oceans. In addition, windborne particles (i.e. aerosols) play an important role in climate-related processes which in turn can have a great impact on physical, chemical, and biological processes taking place in the oceans. Aerosols can affect climate directly by scattering and absorbing both solar radiation and that which is re-emitted from the surface of the Earth to the atmosphere. Aerosols play a critical role in water vapour nucleation processes. In this way, they can affect the concentration and size distribution of cloud droplets, which in turn can alter the radiate properties of clouds. The role of aerosols in cloud processes also affects the nature and distribution of rainfall and the subsequent distribution of clouds.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adams PJ, Seinfeld JH, Koch DM (1999) Global concentrations of tropospheric sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium aerosol simulated in a general circulation model. J Geophys Res 104:13791–13823

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andreae MO (1995) Climatic effects of changing atmospheric aerosol levels. In: Henderson-Sellers A (ed) World survey of climatology, future climates of the World. Elsevier, Amsterdam (vol XVI, pp 341–392

    Google Scholar 

  • Andreae MO, Crutzen PJ (1997) Atmospheric aerosols: Biogeochemical sources and role in atmospheric chemistry. Science 276:1052–1056

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andreae MO, Elbert W, Cai Y, Andreae TW, Gras J (1999) Non-sea-salt sulfate, methanesulfonate, and nitrate aerosol concentrations and size distributions at Cape Grim, Tasmania. J Geophys Res 104(D17):21695–21706

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andreae MO, Elbert W, Gabriel R, Johnson DW, Osborne S, Wood R (2000) Soluble ion chemistry of the atmospheric aerosol and S02 concentrations over the eastern North Atlantic during ACE-2. Tellus 52B:1066–1087

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Archer DE, Johnson K (2000) A model of the iron cycle in the ocean. Global Biogeochem Cycles 14:269–280

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arimoto R, Duce RA, Ray BJ (1989) Concentrations, sources, and air/sea exchange of trace elements in the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean. In: Riley JP, Chester R, Duce RA (eds) Chemical oceanography. Academic Press, London (vol XX, pp 107–149)

    Google Scholar 

  • Arimoto R, Ray BJ, Duce RA, Hewitt AD, Boldi R, Hudson A (1990) Concentrations, sources, and fluxes of trace elements in the atmosphere of New Zealand. J Geophys Res 95:22389–22405

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arimoto R, Duce RA, Savoie DL, Prospero JM (1992) Trace elements in aerosol particles from Bermuda and Barbados: Concentrations, sources, and relationships to aerosol sulfate. J Atmos Chem 14:439–457

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arimoto R, Duce RA, Ray BJ, Ellis WG Jr, Cullen JD, Merrill JT (1995) Trace elements in the atmosphere over the North Atlantic. J Geophys Res 100:1199–1214

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arimoto R, Duce RA, Savoie DL, Prospero JM, Talbot R, Cullen JD, Tomza U, Lewis NF, Ray BJ (1996) Relationships among aerosol constituents from Asia and the North Pacific during PEM-West A. J Geophys Res 101:2011–2024

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bates TS, Quinn PK (1997) Dimethylsulfide (DMS) in the equatorial Pacific Ocean (1982 to 1996): Evidence of a climate feedback? Geophys Res Lett 24(8):861–864

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bates TS, Huebert BJ, Gras JL, Griffiths FB, Durkee PA (1998) International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) Project’s First Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE 1): Overview. J Geophys Res 103(DD13):16297–16318

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Behrenfeld MJ, Bale AJ, Kolber ZS, Aiken J, Falkowski PG (1996) Confirmation of iron limitation of phytoplankton photosynthesis in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Nature 383:508–511

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benkovitz CM, Scholtz MT, Pacyna J, Tarrason L, Dignon J, Voldner EC, Spiro PA, Logan JA, Graedel TE (1996) Global gridded inventories of anthropogenic emissions of sulfur and nitrogen. J Geophys Res 101:29239–29253

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berg A van den, Dentener F, Lelieveld J (2000) Modeling the chemistry of the marine boundary layer: Sulphate formation and the role of sea-salt aerosol particles. J Geophys Res 105(D9):11671–11698

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berresheim H, Wine P, Davis D (1995) Sulfur in the atmosphere. In: Singh H (ed) Composition, chemistry, and climate of the atmosphere. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp 251–307

    Google Scholar 

  • Blank M, Leinen M, Prospero JM (1985) Major Asian aeolian inputs indicated by the mineralogy of aerosols and sediments in the western North Pacific. Nature 314:84–86

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bouwman AF, Lee DS, Asman WAH, Dentener FJ, Van Der Hoek KW, Olivier JGJ (1997) A global highresolution emission inventory for ammonia. Global Biochem Cycles 11:561–588

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brink HM ten, Veefkind JP, Waijers-Ijpelaan A, Hage JC van der (1996) Aerosol light-scattering in the Netherlands. Atmos Environ 30:4251–4261

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Charlson RJ, Heintzenberg J (eds) (1995) Dahlem Workshop on Aerosol Forcing of Climate (1994: Berlin). John Wiley, Chichester

    Google Scholar 

  • Charlson RJ, Lovelock JE, Andreae MO, Warren SG (1987) Oceanic phytoplankton, atmospheric sulphur, cloud albedo, and climate. Nature 326:655–661

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chester R, Nimmo M, Keyse S (1996) The influence of Saharan and Middle Eastern desert-derived dust on the trace metal composition of Mediterranean aerosols and rainwaters: An overview. In: Guerzoni S, Chester R (eds) The impact of desert dust across the Mediterranean. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 253–273

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Chiapello I, Bergametti G, Gomes L, Chatenet B, Dulac F, Pimenta J, Santos Soares E (1995) An additional low layer transport of Sahelian and Saharan dust over the northeastern Tropical Atlantic. Geophys Res Lett 22:3191–3194

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chiapello I, Prospero JM, Herman JR, Hsu NC (1999) Detection of mineral dust over the North Atlantic Ocean and Africa with the Nimbus 7 TOMS. J Geophys Res 104:9277–9292

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke AD, Varner JL, Eisele F, Mauldin RL, Tanner D, Litchy M (1998) Particle production in the remote marine atmosphere: Cloud outflow and subsidence during ACE 1. J Geophys Res 103(DD13):16397–16410

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Claquin T, Schulz M, Balkanski YJ (1999) Modeling the mineralogy of atmospheric dust sources. J Geophys Res 104(D18):22243–22256

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coakley JA Jr, Bernstein RL, Durkee PA (1987) Effect of ship-stack effluents on cloud reflectivity. Science 237:1020–1022

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coale KH, Fitzwater SE, Gordon RM, Johnson KS, Barber RT (1996a) Control of community growth and export production by upwelled iron in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Nature 379:621–624

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coale KH et al. (1996b) A massive phytoplankton bloom induced by an ecosystem-scale iron fertilization experiment in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Nature 383:495–501

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cornell S, Rendell A, Jickells T (1995) Atmospheric inputs of organic nitrogen to the oceans. Nature 376:243–246

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dentener FJ, Crutzen PJ (1994) A three dimensional model of the global ammonia cycle. J Atmos Chem 19:331–369

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Desboeufs KV, Losno R, Vimeux F, Cholbi S (1999) The pH-dependent dissolution of wind-transported Saharan dust. J Geophys Res 104(D17):21287–21300

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duce RA (1986) The impact of atmospheric nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron species on marine biological productivity. In: Buat-Manard P (ed) The Role of air-sea exchange in geochemical cycling. Reidel, Dordrecht, pp 497–528

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Duce RA (1995) Sources, distributions, and fluxes of mineral aerosols and their relationship to climate. In: Charlson RJ, Heintzenberg J (eds) Dahlem Workshop on Aerosol Forcing of Climate. John Wiley, Chichester, pp 43–72

    Google Scholar 

  • Duce RA, Liss PS, Merrill JT, Atlas EL, Buat-Menard P, Hicks BB, Miller JM, Prospero JM, Arimoto R, Church T, Ellis W, Galloway JN, Hansen L, Jickells TD, Knap AH, Reinhardt KH, Schneider B, Soudine A, Tokos JJ, Tsunogai S, Wollast R, Zhou M (1991) The atmospheric input of trace species to the world ocean. Global Biogeochem Cycles 5:193–259

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erickson DJ III, Duce RA (1988) On the global flux of atmospheric sea salt. J Geophys Res 93:14079–14088

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Falkowski PG (1997) Evolution of the nitrogen cycle and its influence on the biological sequestration of 2 in the ocean. Nature 387:272–275

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Falkowski PG, Barber RT, Smetacek V (1998) Biogeochemical controls and feedbacks on ocean primary production. Science 281:200–206

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Finlayson-Pitts BJ, Pitts JN Jr (2000) Chemistry of the upper and lower atmosphere. Academic Press, San Diego

    Google Scholar 

  • Fitzgerald JW (1991) Marine aerosols: A review. Atmos Environ 25A:533–545

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fitzwater SE, Coale KH, Gordon RM, Johnson KS, Ondrusek ME (1996) Iron deficiency and phytoplankton growth in the Equatorial Pacific. Deep-Sea Res II 43:995–1015

    Google Scholar 

  • Fung I, Meyn S, Tegen I, Doney SC, John J, Bishop JKB (2000) Iron supply and demand in the upper ocean. Global Biogeochem Cycles 14:281–296

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galloway JN, Schlesinger WH, Levy H II, Michaels A, Schnoor JL (1995) Nitrogen fixation: Anthropogenic enhancement-environmental response. Global Biogeochem Cycles 9(2):235–252

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galloway JN, Howarth RW, Michaels AF, Nixon SW, Prospero JM, Dentener FJ (1996) Nitrogen and phosphorous budgets of the North Atlantic Ocean and its watershed. Biogeochemistry 35:3–25

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gard EE, Kleeman MJ, Gross DS, Hughes LS, Allen JO, Morrical BD, Fergenson DP, Dienes T, Galli, ME, Johnson RJ, Cass GR, Glen R, Prather KA (1998) Direct observation of heterogeneous chemistry in the atmosphere. Science 279:1184–1187

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ginoux P, Chin M, Tegen I, Herman J, Torres O, Holben B (2001) Global modeling of mineral dust with the Goddard transport model. J Geophys Res (to be published)

    Google Scholar 

  • Glaccum RA, Prospero JM (1980) Saharan aerosols over the tropical North Atlantic — mineralogy. Mar Geol 37:295–321

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Golitsyn G, Gillette DA (1993) Introduction: A joint Soviet-American experiment for the study of Asian desert dust and its impact on local meteorological conditions and climate. Atmos Environ 27A:2467–2470

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gong SL, Barrie LA, Prospero JM, Savoie DL, Ayers GP, Blanchet J-P, Spacek L (1997) Modeling sea-salt aerosols in the atmosphere. 2. Atmospheric concentrations and fluxes. J Geophys Res 102:3819–3830

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon RM, Coale KH, Johnson KS (1997) Iron distributions in the Equatorial Pacific: Implications for new production. Limnol Oceanogr 42:419–431

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goudie AS (1983) Dust storms in space and time. Prog Phys Geog 7:502–530

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graedel TE, Crutzen PJ (1993) Atmospheric change: An Earth system perspective. W. H. Freeman and Co., New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Graf H-F, Feichter J, Langmann B (1997) Volcanic sulfur emissions: Estimates of source strength and its contribution to the global sulfate distribution. J Geophys Res 102:10727–10738

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graham WF, Duce RA (1979) Atmospheric pathways of the phosphorus cycle. Geochim Cosmoschim Acta 43:1195–1208

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greaves MJ, Statham PJ, Elderfield H (1994) Rare earth element mobilization from marine atmospheric dust into seawater. Mar Chem 46:255–260

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greaves MJ, Elderfield H, Sholkovitz ER (1999) Aeolian sources of rare earth elements to the Western Pacific Ocean. Mar Chem 68:31–38

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guerzoni S, Chester R (eds) (1996) The impact of desert dust across the Mediterranean. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht

    Google Scholar 

  • Guieu C, Thomas AJ (1996) Saharan aerosols: From the soil to the ocean. In: Guerzoni S, Chester R (eds) The impact of desert dust across the Mediterranean. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 207–216

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Gullu GH, Olmez I, Tuncel G (1996) Chemical concentrations and elements size distributions of aerosols in the eastern Mediterranean during strong dust storms. In: Guerzoni S, Chester R (eds) The impact of desert dust across the Mediterranean. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 339–347

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen JE, Lacis A, Ruedy R, Sato M (1992) Potential climate impact of Mount Pinatubo eruption. Geophys Res Lett 19:215–218

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen JE, Sato M, Ruedy R, Lacis A, Oinas V (2000) Global warming in the twenty-first century: An alternative scenario. Proc Nat Acad Sci 97:9875–9880

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hegg DA, Livingston J, Hobbs PV, Novakov T, Russell P (1997) Chemical apportionment of aerosol column optical depth off the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States J Geophys Res 102(D21):25293–25304

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heintzenberg J, Charlson RJ, Clarke AD, Liousse C, Ramaswamy V, Shine KP, Wendisch M, Helas G (1997) Measurement and modeling of aerosol singlescattering albedo: Progress, problems and prospects. Beitr Phys Atmosph 70:249–263

    Google Scholar 

  • Heintzenberg J, Covert DC, Dingenen R Van (2000) Distribution and chemical composition of marine aerosols: A compilation and review. Tellus 52B:1104–1122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herman JR, Bhartia PK, Torres O, Hsu C, Seftor C, Celarier E (1997) Global distribution of UV-absorbing aerosols from Nimbus-7/TOMS data. J Geophys Res 102:16911–16922

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herrmann L, Jahn R, Stahr K (1996) Identification and quantification of dust additions in peri-Saharan soils. In: Guerzoni S, Chester R (eds) The impact of desert dust across the Mediterranean. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 173–182

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Hobbs PV (ed) (1993) Aerosol-cloud-climate interactions. Academic Press, San Diego

    Google Scholar 

  • Hobbs PV (2000) Introduction to atmospheric chemistry. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Holland EA, Dentener FJ, Braswell BH, Sulzman JM (1999) Contemporary and pre-industrial global reactive nitrogen budgets. Biogeochemistry 46:7–43

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howarth RW, Billen G, Swaney D, Townsend A, Jaworski N, Lajtha K, Downing JA, Elmgren R, Caraco N, Jordan T, Berendse F, Freney J, Kudeyarov V, Murdoch P, Zhao-Liang Z (1996) Regional nitrogen budgets and riverine N and P fluxes for the drainages to the North Atlantic Ocean: Natural and human influences. Biogeochemistry 35:75–139

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huebert BJ, Charlson RJ (2000) Uncertainties in data on organic aerosols. Tellus 52B:1249–1255

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Husar RB, Prospero JM, Stowe LL (1997) Characterization of tropospheric aerosols over the oceans with the NOAA advanced very high resolution radiometer optical thickness operational product. J Geophys Res 102:16889–16909

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Husar RB, Tratt DM, Schichtel BA et al. (2001) The Asian dust events of April 1998. J Geophys Res 106(D16):18317–18330

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • IPCC (1996) Climate change 1995. In: Houghton JT, Meira Filho LG, Callander BA, Harris N, Kattenberg A, Maskell K (eds) The science of climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacob DJ (1999) Introduction to atmospheric chemistry. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobson MC, Hansson H-C, Noone KJ, Charlson RJ (2000) Organic atmospheric aerosols: Review and state of the science. Rev Geophys 38:267–294

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson KS, Gordon RM, Coale KH (1997a) What controls dissolved iron in the world ocean? Mar Chem 57:137–161

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson KS, Gordon RM, Coale KH (1997b) What controls dissolved iron in the world ocean? Author’s closing comments. Mar Chem 57:181–186

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kettle AJ, Andreae MO, Amouroux D, Andreae TW, Bates TS, Berrresheim V, Bingemer H, Boniforti R, Curran MAJ, DiTullio GR, Helas G, Jones GB, Keller MD, Kiene RP, Leck C, Levasseur M, Malin G, Maspero M, Matrai P, McTaggart AR, Mihalopoulos N, Nguyen NC, Novo A, Putaud JP, Rapsomanikis S, Roberts G, Schebeske G, Sharma S, Simo R, Staubes R, Turner S, Uher G (1999) A global database of sea surface dimethylsulfide (DMS) measurements and a procedure to predict sea surface DMS as a function of latitude, longitude and month. Global Biogeochem Cycles 13:399–444

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leinen M, Sarnthein M (eds) (1989) Paleoclimatology and paleometeorology: Modern and past patterns of global atmospheric transport. Kluwer Academic Pubs., Norwell, Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leinen M, Prospero JM, Arnold E, Blank M (1994) Mineralogy of aeolian dust reaching the North Pacific Ocean 1. Sampling and analysis. J Geophys Res 99:21017–21023

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lelieveld J, Crutzen PJ, Ramanathan V, Andreae MO, Brenninkmeijer CAM, Campos T, Cass GR, Dickerson RR, Fischer H, Gouw JA de, Hansel A, Jefferson A, Kley D, Laat ATJ de, Lal S, Lawrence MG, Lobert JM, Mayol-Bracero O, Mitra AP, Novakov T, Oltmans SJ, Prather KA, Reiner T, Rodhe H, Scheeren HA, Sikka D, Williams J (2001) The Indian Ocean experiment: Widespread air pollution from South and Southeast Asia. Science 291(5506):1031–1036

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levitus S, Conkright ME, Reid JL, Najjar RG, Mantyla A (1993) Distribution of nitrate, phosphate and silicate in the world oceans. Prog Oceanogr 31:245–273

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li X, Maring H, Savoie D, Voss K, Prospero JM (1996) Dominance of mineral dust in aerosol light scattering in the North Atlantic trade winds. Nature 380:416–419

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li-Jones X, Prospero JM (1998) Variations in the size distribution of non-sea-salt sulfate aerosol in the marine boundary layer at Barbados: Impact of African dust. J Geophys Res 103(DD13):16073–16084

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liousse C, Penner JE, Chuang C, Walton JJ, Eddleman H, Cachier H (1996) A global three-dimensional model study of carbonaceous aerosols. J Geophys Res 101(D14):19411–19432

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mahowald N, Kohfeld K, Hansson M, Balkanski Y, Harrison SP, Prentice IC, Schulz M, Rodhe H (1999) Dust sources and deposition during the last glacial maximum and current climate: A comparison of model results with paleodata from ice cores and marine sediments. J Geophys Res 104:15895–15916

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marticorena B, Bergametti G, Aumont B, Callot Y, N’Doume’ C, Legrand M (1997) Modeling the atmospheric dust cycle. 2. Simulation of Saharan dust sources. J Geophys Res Atmos 102:4387–4404

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin JH et al. (1994) Testing the iron hypothesis in ecosystems of the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Nature 371:123–129

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Measures CI, Vink S (2000) On the use of dissolved aluminum in surface waters to estimate dust deposition to the ocean. Global Biogeochem Cycles 14(1):317–328

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Merrill J, Arnold E, Leinen M, Weaver C (1994) Mineralogy of aeolian dust reaching the North Pacific Ocean. 2. Relationship of mineral assemblages to atmospheric transport patterns. J Geophys Res 99:21025–21032

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Michaels AF, Olson D, Sarmineto JL, Ammerman W, Fanning K, Jahnke R, Knap AH, Lipschultz F, Prospero JM (1996) Inputs, losses and transformations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the pelagic North Atlantic Ocean. Biogeochem 35:181–226

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Middleton NJ, Goudie AS, Wells GL (1986) The frequency and source areas of dust storms. In: Nickling WG (ed) Aeolian geomorphology. Allen and Unwin, N.Y., pp 237–259

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller RL, Tegen I (1998) Climate response to soil dust aerosols. J Clim 11:3247–3267

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Molinaroli E (1996) Mineralogical characteristics of Saharan dust with a view to its final destination in Mediterranean sediments. In: Guerzoni S, Chester R (eds) The impact of desert dust across the Mediterranean, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 153–162

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy DM, Thomson DS (1997) Chemical composition of single aerosol particles at Idaho Hill: Negative ion measurements. J Geophys Res 102:6353–6368

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neff JC, Holland EA, Dentener FJ, McDowell WH, Russell KM (2001) Atmospheric organic nitrogen: Implications for the global N cycle. Biogeochem (to be published)

    Google Scholar 

  • Novakov T, Andreae MO, Gabriel R, Kirchstetter TW, Mayol-Bracero OL, Ramanathan V (2000) Origin of carbonaceous aerosols over the tropical Indian Ocean: Biomass burning or fossil fuels? Geophys Res Lett 27:4061–4064

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Dowd CD, Smith MH (1993) Physico-chemical properties of aerosols over the Northeast Atlantic: Evidence for wind-speed-related sub-micron sea-salt aerosol production. J Geophys Res 98:1137–1149

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Dowd CD, Smith MH, Consterdine IE, Lowe JA (1997) Marine aerosol, sea-salt, and the marine sulfur cycle: A short review. Atmos Environ 31:73–80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Dowd CD, Lowe JA, Smith MH, Kaye AD (1999) The relative importance of Nss-sulphate and sea-salt aerosol to the marine CCN population: An improved multi-component aerosol-cloud droplet parameterization. Quart J Roy Meteorol Soc 125(B):1295–1314

    Google Scholar 

  • Paerl HW (1995) Coastal eutrophication in relation to atmospheric nitrogen deposition: Current perspectives. Ophelia 41:237–259

    Google Scholar 

  • Peltzer ET, Gagosian RB (1989) Organic geochemistry of aerosols over the Pacific Ocean. In: Riley JP, Chester R, Duce RA (eds) Chemical oceanography, vol X. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 283–338

    Google Scholar 

  • Perry KD, Hobbs PV (1994) Further evidence for particle nucleation in clear air adjacent to marine cumulus clouds. J Geophys Res 99(D11):22803–22818

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perry KD, Hobbs PV (1995) Correction to “Further evidence for particle nucleation in clean air adjacent to marine cumulus clouds”. J Geophys Res 100(D9):18929–18929

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perry KD, Cahill TA, Eldred RA, Dutcher DD, Gill TE (1997) Long-range transport of North African dust to the eastern United States. J Geophys Res 102:11225–11238

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perry KD, Cahill TA, Schnell RC, Harris JM (1999) Long-range transport of anthropogenic aerosols to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration baseline station at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii. J Geophys Res 104(D15):18521–18534

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prospero JM (1981) Aeolian transport to the World Ocean. In: Emiliani C (ed) The Sea, vol VII: The oceanic lithosphere. Wiley Interscience, New York, pp 801–974

    Google Scholar 

  • Prospero JM (1996a) The atmospheric transport of particles to the ocean. In: Ittekkott V, Honjo S, Depetris PJ (eds) Particle flux in the ocean. John Wiley and Sons, New York (SCOPE Report 57, pp 19–52)

    Google Scholar 

  • Prospero JM (1996b) Saharan dust transport over the north Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean: An overview. In: Guerzoni S, Chester R (eds) The impact of desert dust across the Mediterranean. Kluwer Academic Pub., Dordrecht, pp 133–151

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Prospero JM (1999) Long-term measurements of the transport of African mineral dust to the Southeastern United States: Implications for regional air quality. J Geophys Res 104:15917–15927

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prospero JM, Nees RT (1986) Impact of the North African drought and El Niño on mineral dust in the Barbados trade winds. Nature 320:735–738

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prospero JM, Glaccum RA, Nees RT (1981) Atmospheric transport of soil dust from Africa to South America. Nature 289:570–572

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prospero JM, Nees RT, Uematsu M (1987) Deposition rate of particulate and dissolved aluminum derived from Saharan dust in precipitation at Miami, Florida. J Geophys Res 92:14723–14731

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prospero JM, Uematsu M, Savoie DL (1989) Mineral aerosol transport to the Pacific Ocean. In: Riley JP, Chester R, Duce RA (eds) Chemical oceanography, vol X. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 188–218

    Google Scholar 

  • Prospero JM, Savoie DL, Arimoto R, Olafsson H, Hjartarson H (1995) Sources of aerosol nitrate and nonsea-salt (nss) sulfate in the Iceland region. Sci Tot Environ 160/161:181–191

    Google Scholar 

  • Prospero JM, Barrett K, Church T, Dentener F, Duce RA, Galloway JN, Levy H II, Moody J, Quinn P (1996) Atmospheric deposition of nutrients to the North Atlantic basin. Biogeochem 35:27–73

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prospero JM, Ginoux P, Torres O, Nicholson S (2002) Environmental characterization of global sources of atmospheric soil dust derived from the NIMBUS-7 TOMS absorbing aerosol product. Rev Geophys (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pye K (1987) Aeolian dust and dust deposits. Academic Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Pye K (1989) Processes of fine particle formation, dust source regions, and climatic changes. In: Leinen M, Sarnthein M (eds) Paleoclimatology and paleometeorology: Modern and past patterns of global atmospheric transport. Kluwer Academic Pubs., Dordrecht, pp 3–30

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Quinn PK, Barrett KJ, Dentener FJ, Lipshcultz F, Six KD (1996) Estimation of the air/sea exchange of ammonia for the North Atlantic Basin. Biogeochem 35:275–304

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quinn PK, Coffman DJ, Kapustin VN, Bates TS, Covert DS (1998) Aerosol optical properties in the marine boundary layer during the First Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE 1) and the underlying chemical and physical aerosol properties. J Geophys Res 103:16547–16563

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quinn PK, Bates TS, Miller TL, Coffman DJ, Johnson JE, Harris JM, Ogren JA, Forbes G, Anderson TL, Covert DS, Rood MJ (2000) Surface submicron aerosol chemical composition: What fraction is not sulfate? J Geophys Res 105(D5):6785–6806

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raes F, Bates T, McGovern F, Liedekerke M Van (2000) The second Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-2): General overview and main results Tellus 52B:111–125

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ravishankara AR, Rudich Y, Talukdar R, Barone SB (1997) Oxidation of atmospheric reduced sulphur compounds; perspective from laboratory studies. Philos Trans R Soc London 352(B):171–182

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rea DK (1994) The paleoclimatic record provided by eolian deposition in the deep sea — The geologic history of wind. Rev Geophys 32:159–195

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Satheesh SK, Ramanathan V, Li-Jones X, Lobert JM, Podgorny IA, Prospero JM, Holben BN, Loeb NG (1999) A model for the natural and anthropogenic aerosols over the tropical Indian Ocean derived from Indian Ocean Experiment data. J Geophys Res 104(D22):27421–27440

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Savoie DL, Prospero JM, Saltzman ES (1989a) Nitrate, non-seasalt sulfate and methanesulfonate over the Pacific Ocean. In: Riley JP, Chester R, Duce RA (eds) Chemical oceanography, vol X. Academic Press, London, pp 219–250

    Google Scholar 

  • Savoie DL, Prospero JM, Saltzman ES (1989b) Non-seasalt sulfate and nitrate in trade wind aerosols at Barbados: Evidence for long-range transport. J Geophys Res 94:5069–5080

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Savoie DL, Prospero JM, Larsen RJ, Huang F, Izaguirre M, Huang T, Snowdon TH (1993) Nitrogen and sulfur species in Antarctic aerosols at Mawson, Palmer Station, and Marsh (King George Island). J Atmos Chem 17:95–122

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Savoie DL, Prospero JM, Arimoto R, Duce RA (1994) Non-sea-salt sulfate and methanesulfonate at American Samoa. J Geophys Res 99(D2):3587–3596

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saxena P, Hildemann LM (1996) Water soluble organics in atmospheric particles: A critical review of the literature and application of thermodynamics to identify candidate compounds. J Atmos Chem 24:57–109

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scholes M, Andreae MO (2000) Biogenic and pyrogenic emissions from Africa and their impact on the global atmosphere. Ambio 29:23–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Seinfeld JH, Pandis SN (1998) Atmosperhic chemistry and physics: From pollution to climate change. Wiley-Interscience, New York Seitzinger SP, Sanders RW (1999) Atmospheric inputs of dissolved organic nitrogen stimulate estuarine bacteria and phytoplankton. Limnol Oceanogr 44:721–730

    Google Scholar 

  • Sholkovitz ER, Church TM, Arimoto R (1993) Rare earth element composition of precipitation, precipitation particles, and aerosols. J Geophys Res 98:20587–20599

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sievering H, Boatman J, Gorman E, Kim Y, Anderson L, Ennis G, Luria M, Pandis S (1992) Removal of sulphur from the marine boundary layer by ozone oxidation in sea-salt aerosols. Nature 360:571–573

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sokolik IN, Toon OB (1999) Incorporation of mineralogical composition into models of the radiative properties of mineral aerosol from UV to IR wavelengths. J Geophys Res Atmos 104:9423–9444

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spokes LJ, Jickells TD (1996) Factors controlling the solubility of aerosol trace metals in the atmosphere and on mixing into seawater. Aquat Geochem 1:355–374

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spokes LJ, Jickells TD, Lim B (1994) Solubilisation of aerosol metals by cloud processing: A laboratory study. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 58(15):3281–3287

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swap R, Garstang M, Greco S, Talbot R, Kallberg P (1992) Sahara dust in the Amazon basin. Tellus 44B:133–149

    Google Scholar 

  • Talbot RW, Harriss RC, Browell V, Gregory GL, Sebacher DI, Beck SM (1986) Distribution and geochemistry of aerosols in the tropical North Atlantic troposphere: Relationship to Saharan dust. J Geophys Res 91:5173–5182

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor SR, McLennan SM (1985) The continental crust: Its composition and evolution. Blackwells, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Tegen I, Miller R (1998) A general circulation model study of the inter-annual variability of soil dust aerosol. J Geophys Res Atmos 103:25975–25995

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tegen I, Hollrig P, Chin M, Fung I, Jacob D, Penner JE (1997) Contribution of different aerosol species to the global aerosol extinction optical thickness: Estimates from model results. J Geophys Res Atmos 102:23895–23915

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Twomey S (1991) Aerosols, clouds, and radiation. Atmos Environ 25A:2435–2442

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uematsu M, Duce RA, Prospero JM (1985) Deposition of atmospheric mineral particles to the North Pacific Ocean. J Atmos Chem 3:123–138

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang C, Prinn RG (2000) On the roles of deep convective clouds in the tropospheric chemistry. J Geophys Res 105:22269–22297

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang Z, Young S, Kotamarthi V, Carmichael GR (1994) Photochemical oxidant processes in the presence of dust: An evaluation of the impact of dust on particulate nitrate and ozone formation. J Appl Meteorol 33:813–824

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang XY, Arimoto R, An Z, Zhi S (1997) Dust emission from Chinese desert sources linked to variations in atmospheric circulation. J Geophys Res 102:28041–28047

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu XR, Prospero JM, Millero FJ (1997) Diel variability of soluble Fe(II) and soluble total Fe in North African dust in the trade winds at Barbados. J Geophys Res 102(DD17):21297–21306

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhuang G, Yi Z, Duce RA, Brown PR (1992) The chemistry of iron in marine aerosols. Global Biogeochem Cycles 6:153–171

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. J. M. Prospero
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Università di Palermo, Via delle Scienze, I-90128, Palermo, Italy

    Antonio Gianguzza

  2. Dipartimento di Chimica Analitica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, I-10125, Torino, Italy

    Ezio Pelizzetti

  3. Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Chimica Analitica e Chimica Fisica, Università di Messina, Salita Sperone 31, I-98166, Messina, Italy

    Silvio Sammartano

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Prospero, J.M. (2002). The Chemical and Physical Properties of Marine Aerosols: An Introduction. In: Gianguzza, A., Pelizzetti, E., Sammartano, S. (eds) Chemistry of Marine Water and Sediments. Environmental Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04935-8_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04935-8_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-07559-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-04935-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation