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Metamorphic Processes

  • Chapter
Petrogenesis of Metamorphic Rocks

Abstract

Rock metamorphism is always associated with processes and changes. Metamorphism reworks rocks in the earth’s crust and mantle. Typical effects of rock metamorphism include:

  • Minerals and mineral assemblages originally not present in the rock may form; the new mineral assemblages form at the expense of old ones, consequently older minerals may disappear (e.g., a metamorphic rock may originally contain Grt + Qtz + Sil; a metamorphic event transforms this rock into one that contains Crd (cordierite) in addition to the minerals previously present in the rock).

  • The relative abundance of minerals in a rock may systematically change and the new rock may have a different modal composition (metamorphism may increase the amount of Crd present in the rock and decrease the volume proportion of Grt + Qtz + Sil).

  • Metamorphic minerals may systematically change their composition (e.g., the XFe of Grt and Crd may simultaneously increase during metamorphism).

  • The structure of rocks in crust and mantle may be modified (e.g., randomly oriented sillimanite needles may be aligned parallel after the process)

  • The composition of the bulk rock may be altered during metamorphism by adding or removing components to or from the rock from a source/sink outside the volume of the rock considered (e.g., adding K2O dissolved in an aqueous solution to a Grt + Crd + Sill + Qtz rock may result in the formation of biotite).

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  1. Institute of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 23b, 79104, Freiburg i. Br., Germany

    Professor Dr. Kurt Bucher

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Bucher, K., Frey, M. (2002). Metamorphic Processes. In: Petrogenesis of Metamorphic Rocks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04914-3_3

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