Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Bulk Materials

  • Chapter
Optical Characterization of Solids

  • 336 Accesses

Abstract

Optical spectroscopy of bulk materials has a long tradition in identifying and studying the electronic and vibrational excitations. The focus now is either on the study of quite exotic materials, or on finding suitable and relatively simple analytical formula for the description of bulk materials. Of importance is also the investigation of anharmonic properties, isotope effects, and in compounds the dependence of several parameters on the concentration, temperature or pressure. In this chapter we deal with bulk dielectric crystals, semiconductors and metals. There is no basic difference between the optical properties of bulk dielectrics and semiconductors; the only difference between them coming from the value of the energy gap. The excitonic and band-to-band transitions in dielectric crystals and semiconductors are thus excited with electromagnetic radiation in different energy ranges. Phase transitions in bulk materials will also be briefly presented at the end of the chapter. The most studied materials from the point of view of optical properties are the semiconductors. Optical properties of bulk semiconductors as well as the optical methods used to study their structure, excitations and interactions is a well-documented subject, reviewed in several books (see for example Basu (1997) and the references therein, and Klingshirn (1997) for the optical spectroscopy of bulk semiconductors).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abelès, F. (1972) in Optical Properties of Solids, ed. F. Abelès, North-Holland, Amsterdam, p.95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Abrashev, M.V, A.P. Litvinchuk, C. Thomsen, and V.N. Popov (1997) Phys. Rev. B 55, 8638.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Arimoto, H., N. Miura, R.J. Nicholas, and N.J. Mason (1998) Phys. Rev. B 58, 4560.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Basu, P.K. (1997) Theory of Optical Processes in Semiconductors, Clarendon Press, Oxford, U.K.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beaurepaire, E., M. Maret, V. Halte, J.C. Merle, A. Daunois, and J.Y. Bigot (1998) Phys. Rev. B 58, 12134.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Bellabarba, C, J. Gonzales, and C. Ricon (1996) Phys. Rev. B 53, 7792.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Binet, F., J.Y. Duboz, E. Rosencher, F. Scholz, and V. Haerle (1996) Phys. Rev. B 54, 8116.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Binet, F., J.Y. Duboz, J. Orff, and F. Scholz (1999) Phys. Rev. B 60, 4715.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Blumberg, G., P. Abbamonte, M.V. Klein, W.C Lee, D.M Ginsberg, L.L. Miller, and A. Zibold (1996) Phys. Rev. B 53, 11930.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonn, M., D. N. Dezler, S. Funk, M. Wolf, S. Svante-Wellerhoff, and J. Hohlfeld (2000) Phys. Rev. B 61, 1101.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Boyen, H.G., R. Gampp, P. Oelhafen, C. Lauinger, and S. Herminghaus (1997) Phys. Rev. B 56, 6502.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Brouers, F., S. Blancher, A. N. Lagarkov, A.K. Sarychev, P. Gadenne, and V. N. Shalaev (1997) Phys. Rev. B 55, 13234.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Brouers, F., S. Blancher, and A. K. Sarychev, (1998) Phys. Rev. B 58, 15897.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Campo, J., M. Julier, D. Coquillat, J.P. Lascaray, D. Scarllet, and O. Briot (1997) Phys. Rev. B 56, 7108.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Cardona, M., ed. (1975) Light Scattering in Solids, Springer, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cardona, M. and G. Güntherodt, eds. (1999) Light Scattering in Solids VII, Springer, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cardona, M. and G. Güntherodt, eds. (2000) Light Scattering in Solids VIII, Springer, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castella, H. and R. Ziemmermann (1999) Phys. Rev. B 59, 7801.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Cuscó, R., J. Ibáñez, and L. Artús (1998) Phys. Rev. B 57, 12197.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ebner, T., K. Thonke, R. Sauer, and F. Schaeffer, and H.J. Herzog (1998) Phys. Rev. B 57, 15448.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Fleury, P.A. and R. London (1968) Phys. Rev. 166, 514.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Fröhlich, D., W. Nieswand, U.W. Pohl, and J. Wrzesinski (1995) Phys. Rev. B 52, 14652.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Fuchs, F., K. Kheng, P. Koidl, and K. Schwartz (1993) Phys. Rev. B 48, 7884.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Fumagalli, P., A. Schirmeisen, and R.J. Gambino (1998) Phys. Rev. B 57, 14294.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ganikhanov, F., and F. Valeé (1997) Phys. Rev. B 55, 15614.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Göbel, A., T. Ruf, M. Cardona, C.T. Lin, J. Wrzesinski, M. Steube, K. Reimann, J.C. Merle, and M. Joucla (1998) Phys. Rev. B 57, 15183.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Göbel, A., T. Ruf, J.M. Zhang, R. Lauck and M. Cardona (1999) Phys. Rev. B 59, 2749.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, A., M.A. Itskovsky, and P. Wyder (1997) Phys. Rev. B 55, 812.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Goto, T., M.Y. Shen, S. Koyamo, and T. Yokouchi (1997) Phys. Rev. B 55, 7609.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Grann, E.D., K.T. Tsen, D.K. Ferry, A. Salvador, A. Botcharev, and H. Morkoc (1996a) Phys. Rev. B 53, 9838.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Grann, E.D., K.T. Tsen, and D.K. Ferry (1996b) Phys. Rev. B 53, 9847.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Gros, C., W. Wenzel, A. Fledderjohann, P. Lemmens, M. Fischer, G. Güntherodt, M. Weiden, C. Geibel, and F. Steglich (1997) Phys. Rev. B 55, 15048.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Guizzetti, G., F. Marabelli, M. Patrini, P. Pellegrino, B. Pivac, L. Miglio, V. Meregalli, H. Lange, W. Heurion, and V. Tomm (1997) Phys. Rev. B 55, 14290.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Gurioli, M., F. Bogani, S. Ceccherini, M. Colocci, F. Beltram, and L. Sorba (1999) Phys. Rev. B 59, 5316.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Hagele, D., R. Zimmermann, M. Oestreich, M.R. Hofmann, W.W. Rühle, B.K. Meyer, H. Amano, and I. Akasaki (1999) Phys. Rev. B 59, 7797.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Haines, J., J.M. Léger, C. Chateau, R. Bini, and L. Ulivi (1998) Phys. Rev. B 58, 2909.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Henn, R., A. Wittlin, M. Cardona, and S. Uchida (1997a) Phys. Rev. B 56, 6295.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Henn R., T. Strach, E. Schönherr, and M. Cardona (1997b) Phys. Rev B 55, 3285.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Herman, I.P. (1995) IEEE J. Selected Topics Quantum Electron. 1, 1047.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hess, S., F. Walraet, R.A. Taylor, J.F. Ryan, B. Beaumont, and P. Gibart (1998) Phys. Rev. B 58, 15973.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Hildebrand, M.G., A. Slepkov, M. Reedyk, G. Amow, J.E. Greedan, and D.A. Crandles (1999) Phys. Rev B 59, 6938.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirata, T., K. Ishioka, M. Kitajima, and H. Doi (1996) Phys. Rev. B 53, 8442.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Hjelm, A. and J.-L. Calais (1993) Phys. Rev. B 48, 8592.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ho, C.H., Y.S. Huang, K.K. Tiong, and P.C. Liao (1998a) Phys. Rev. B 58, 16130.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ho, C.H., Y.S. Huang, P.C. Liao, and K.K. Tiong (1998b) Phys. Rev. B 58, 12575.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ishikawa, T., S.K. Park, T. Katsufuji, T. Arima, Y. Tokura (1998) Phys. Rev. B 58, 13326.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Jimenez, J., E. Martin, A. Torres, and J.P. Landesman (1998) Phys. Rev. B 58 10463.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Jiménez Riobóo, R.J., M. Garcia-Hernández, C. Prieto, J.E. Lorenzo, and L.P. Regnault (1998) Phys. Rev B 58, 8574.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Johannsen, P.G. (1997) Phys. Rev. B 55, 6856.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Johannsen, P.G., G. Reiß, U. Bohle, J. Magiera, R. Müller, H. Spiekermann, and W.B. Holzapfel (1997) Phys. Rev. B 55, 6865.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Joschko, M., M. Hassellbeck, M. Woerner, T. Elaesser, R. Hey, H. Kostial, and K. Ploog (1998) Phys. Rev. B 58, 10470.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Katsufuji, T., T. Tanabe, T. Ishikawa, Y. Fukuda, T. Arima, and Y. Tokura (1996) Phys. Rev. B 54, 14230.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, D.Y., S.I. Kwun, and J.G. Yoon (1998) Phys. Rev. B 57, 11173.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Klingshirn, C.F. (1997) Semiconductors Optics, Springer, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kono, J., A.H. Chin, A.P. Mitchell, T. Takahashi, and H. Akiyama (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 1119.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Konstantinovic, M.J., Z. Konstantinovic, and Z.V. Popovic (1996) Phys. Rev. B 54, 68.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kovalev, D., B. Averboukh, D. Volm, B.K. Meyer, H. Amano, and I. Akasaki (1996) Phys. Rev. B 54, 2518.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kurita, S., M. Tanaka, and F. Levy (1993) Phys. Rev. B 48, 1356.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuroe, H., J.I. Sasaki, T. Sekine, N. Koide, Y. Sasago, K. Uchinokura, and M. Hase (1997) Phys. Rev. B 55, 409.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lami, J.-F. and C. Hirliman (1999) Phys. Rev. B 60, 4763.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lefebvre, P., T. Richard, J. Allégre, H. Mathieu, A. Combette-Ross, and W. Granier (1996) Phys. Rev. B 53, 15440

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lemmens, P., M. Fischer, G. Els, G. Güntherodt, A.S. Mishchenko, M. Weiden, R. Hauptmann, C. Geibel, and F. Steglich (1998) Phys. Rev. B 58, 14159.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, R. and J.R. Hardy (1997) Phys. Rev. B 56, 13603.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Loulergue, J.C. and J. Etchepare (1995) Phys. Rev. B 52, 15160.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Mahan, G.D. (1990) Many-Particle Physics, Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Makino, T., M. Watanabe, T. Hayashi, and M. Ashida (1998) Phys. Rev. B 57, 3714.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Manasreh, M.O. (1996) Phys. Rev. B 53, 16425.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • McConnell, A.W., B.P. Clayman, C.C. Homes, M. Inoue, and H. Negishi (1998) Phys. Rev. B 58, 3565.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michaelis, J.S., K. Unterrainer, E. Gornik, and U. Bauser (1996) Phys. Rev. B 54, 7917.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Misochko, O.V., M. Tani, K. Sakai, K. Kisoda, S. Nakashima, V.N. Andreev, and F.A. Chudnovsky (1998) Phys. Rev. B 58, 12789.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Moraldi, M., M. Santoro, L. Ulivi, and M. Zoppi (1998) Phys. Rev. B 58, 234.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Morell, G., W. Perez, E. Ching-Prado, and R.S. Katiyar (1996) Phys. Rev. B 53 5388.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Morr, D.K., A.V. Chubukov, A.P. Kampf, and G. Blumberg (1996) Phys. Rev. B 54, 3468.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Muthukumar, V.N., C. Gros, W. Wenzel, R. Valenti, P. Lemmens, B. Eisener, G. Güntherodt, M. Weiden, C. Geibel, and F. Steglich (1996) Phys. Rev. B 54, 9635.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Nansei, H., S. Tomimoto, S. Saito, and T. Suemoto (1999) Phys. Rev. B 59, 8015.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Nüsse, S., P.H. Bolivar, H. Kurtz, V. Klimov, and F. Levy (1997) Phys. Rev. B 56, 4578.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Nyhus, P., S.L. Cooper, Z. Fisk, and J. Sarrao (1997a) Phys. Rev. B 55, 12488.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Nyhus, P., S. Yoon, M. Kauffmann, and S.L. Cooper (1997b) Phys. Rev. B 56, 2717.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Oestreich, M., S. Hallstein, and W. Rühle (1996) IEEE J. of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 2, 747.

    Google Scholar 

  • Okamura, H., S. Kimura, H. Shinozaki, T. Nanba, F. Iga, N. Himizu, and T. Takabatake (1998) Phys. Rev. B 58, 7496.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Oohashi, H., H. Ando, and H. Knabe (1996) Phys. Rev. B 54, 4702.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Park, S.K., T. Ishikawa, and Y. Tokura (1998) Phys. Rev. B 58, 3717.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Pinnick, D.A., S.A. Lee, X. Sun, and H.J. Simon (1997) Phys. Rev. B 55, 8031.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Plekhanov, V.G. (1996) Phys. Rev. B 54, 3869.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Popova, M.N., A.B. Sushkov, S.A. Golubchik, A.N. Vasil’ev, and L.I. Leonyuk (1998) Phys. Rev. B 57, 5040.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Prabhu, S.S., A.S. Vengurlekar, and J. Shah (1996) Phys. Rev. B 53, 10465.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Reedyk, M., D.A. Crandles, M. Cardona, J.D. Garrett, and J.E. Greedan (1997) Phys. Rev. B 55, 1442.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Rönnow, D., P. Santos, M. Cardona, E. Anastassakis, and M. Kuball (1998) Phys. Rev. B 57, 4432.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenblum, S.S., W.H. Weber, and B.L. Chamberland (1997) Phys. Rev. B 56, 529.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Samara, G.A., H.L. Tardy, E.L. Venturini, T.L. Aselage, and D. Emin (1993) Phys. Rev. B 48, 1468.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwarz, U.T. and M. Maier (1997) Phys. Rev. B 55, 11041.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwarz, U.T. and M. Maier (1998) Phys. Rev. B 58, 766.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, J.F. (1980) Rep. Progress in Physics 43, 951.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Shah, J. (1999) Ultrafast Spectroscopy of Semiconductors and Nanostructures, Springer, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smirnov, D., P. Millet, J. Leotin, D. Poilblanc, J. Riera, D. Augier, and P. Hansen (1998) Phys. Rev. B 57, 11035.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Stepniwski, R., K. Korona, A. Wysmolek, J.M. Baranowski, and K. Pakula (1997) Phys. Rev. B 56, 15151.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Tang, P.J.P., M.J. Pullin, and C.C. Philips (1997) Phys. Rev. B 55, 4376.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Tu, C.S., Y.L. Yeh, V.H. Smidt, R.M. Chien, R.S. Katier, R. Guo, R. Guo and A.S. Bhalla (1997) Phys. Rev. B 56, 7988.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ulivi, L., M. Zoppi, L. Gioé, and G. Pratesi (1998) Phys. Rev. B 58, 2383.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Valeé, F., F. Ganikhanov, and F. Bogani (1997) Phys. Rev. B 56, 13141.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Danzig, N.A. and P.C. M. Planken (1999) Phys. Rev. B 59, 1586

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Loosdrecht, P.H.M., S. Huant, G. Martine, G.Z. Dhalenne, and A. Revcolevschi (1996) Phys. Rev. B 54, 3730.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Venkateswaran, U.D., V.M. Naik, and R. Naik (1998) Phys. Rev. B 58, 14256.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Volm, D., B.K. Meyer, D.M. Hofmann, W.M. Chen, N.T. Son, C. Persson, U. Lindefelt, O. Kordina, E. Sörman, A.O. Konstantinov, B. Monemar, and E. Janzén (1996) Phys. Rev. B53, 15409.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Von Truchseß, M., A. Pfeuffer-Jeschke, CR. Becker, G. Landwehr, and E. Batke (2000) Phys. Rev. B 61, 1666.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Weber, D., W. Petri, U. Woggon, CF. Klingshirn, S. Shevel, and E.O. Göbel (1997) Phys. Rev. B 55, 12848.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Wegerer, R., C. Thomsen, M. Cardona, H.J. Bornemann, and D.E. Morris (1996) Phys. Rev. B 53, 3561.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Wetzel, C, W. Walukiewicz, E.E. Haller, J. Ager III, I. Gazegory, S. Porowski and T. Suski (1996) Phys. Rev. B 53, 987.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yao, H., B. Johs, and R.B. James (1997) Phys. Rev. B 56, 9414.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoon, S., H.L. Liu, G. Schollerer, S.L. Cooper, P.D. Han, D.A. Payne, S.W. Cheong, Z. Fisk (1998) Phys. Rev. B 58, 2795.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, J.M., T. Ruf, M. Cardona, O. Ambacher, M. Stutzmann, J.M. Wagner, and F. Bechstedt (1997) Phys. Rev. B 56, 14399.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, J.M., T. Ruf, R. Lanck, and M. Cardona (1998) Phys. Rev. B 57, 9716.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmermann, R., A. Euteneuer, J Mobius, D. Weber, M.R. Hofmann, W.W. Rühle, E.O. Göbel, B.K. Meyer, H. Amano, I. Akasaki (1997) Phys. Rev. B 56, 12722.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Physics Department, University of Bucharest, P.O. Box MG-11, 76900, Bucharest, Romania

    Professor Daniela Dragoman

  2. National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT), P.O. Box 38-160, 72225, Bucharest, Romania

    Professor Mircea Dragoman

Authors
  1. Professor Daniela Dragoman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Professor Mircea Dragoman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Dragoman, D., Dragoman, M. (2002). Bulk Materials. In: Optical Characterization of Solids. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04870-2_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04870-2_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-07521-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-04870-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation