Abstract
To attract pollinators to flowers, flowering plants use diverse biosynthetic pathways to produce a broad spectrum of low molecular weight (100- to 200-Da) floral volatile compounds (>700 described structures exist in 60 families of plants) (Knudsen et al. 1993; Dobson 1994). In most plant species floral volatiles are emitted primarily by the petals, although other parts of the flower may also contribute to the total scent output. Often, a specific floral component is emitted from several parts of the flower, although not necessarily at the same amount or rate. However, there are also examples of emission of specific compounds from only a subset of the floral organs.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alwine JC, Kemp DJ, Stark GR (1977) Method for detection of specific RNAs in agarose gels by transfer to diazobenzyloxymethyl-paper and hybridization with DNA probes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74:5350–5354
Bailey JM, Davidson N (1976) Methylmercury as a reversible denaturing agent for agarose gel electrophoresis. Anal Biochem 70:75–85
Belin D (1994) The use of riboprobes for the analysis of gene expression. In: Harwood AJ (ed) Protocols for gene analysis. Methods in molecular biology, vo131. Humana Press, Totowa, pp 257–272
Bohlmann J, Meyer-Gauen G, Croteau R (1998) Plant terpenoid synthases: molecular biology and phylogenetic analysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:4126–4133
Dobson HEM (1994) Floral volatiles in insect biology. In: Bernays E (ed) Insect-plant interactions, vol 5. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 47–81
Dudareva N, Pichersky E (2000) Biochemical and molecular genetic aspects of floral scents. Plant Physiol 122:627–633
Dudareva N, Cseke L, Blanc VM, Pichersky E (1996) Evolution of floral scent in Clarkia: novel patterns of S-linalool synthase gene expression in the C. breweri flower. Plant Cell 8:1137–1148
Dudareva N, D’Auria JC, Nam KH, Raguso RA, Pichersky E (1998a). Acetyl CoA: benzylalcohol acetyltransferase — an enzyme involved in floral scent production in Clarkia breweri. Plant J 14:297–304
Dudareva N, Raguso RA, Wang J, Ross JR, Pichersky E (1998b) Floral scent production in Clarkia breweri. III. Enzymatic synthesis and emission of benzenoid esters. Plant Physiol 116:599–604
Dudareva N, Piechulla B, Pichersky E (1999) Biogenesis of floral scent. Hortic Rev 24:31–54
Dudareva N, Murfitt LM, Mann CJ, Gorenstein N, Kolosova N, Kish CM, Bonham C, Wood K (2000) Developmental regulation of methyl benzoate biosynthesis and emission in snapdragon flowers. Plant Cell 12:949–961
Knudsen JT, Tollsten L (1993) Trends in floral scent chemistry in pollination syndromes: floral scent composition in moth-pollinated taxa. Bot J Linn Soc 113:263–284
Knudsen JT, Tollsten L, Bergstrom G (1993) Floral scents — a checklist of volatile compounds isolated by head-space techniques. Phytochemistry 33:253–280
Lehrach H, Diamond D, Wozney JM, Boedtker H (1977) RNA molecular weight determinations by gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions, a critical reexamination. Biochemistry 16:4743–4751
Lewinsohn E, Steele CL, Croteau R (1994) Simple isolation of functional RNA from woody stems of gymnosperms. Plant Mol Biol Rep 12:20–25
Lichtenthaler HK, Rohmer M, Schwender J (1997) Two independent biochemical pathways for isopentenyldiphosphate and isoprenoid biosynthesis in higher plants. Physiol Plant 101:643–652
Locker J (1979) Analytical and preparative electrophoresis of RNA in agarose-urea. Anal Biochem 98:358–367
McCaskill D, Croteau R (1995) Isoprenoid synthesis in peppermint (Mentha X piperita): development of a model system for measuring flux of intermediates through the mevalonic acid pathway in plants. Biochem Soc Trans 23:290S
McGarvey DJ, Croteau R (1995) Terpenoid metabolism. Plant Cell 7:1015–1026
McMaster GK, Carmichael GG (1977) Analysis of single- and double-stranded nucleic acids on polyacrylamide and agarose gels by using glyoxal and acridine orange. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74:4835–4838
Murfitt LM, Kolosova N, Mann CJ, Dudareva N (2000) Purification and characterization of S-adenosyl-L-methionine:benzoic acid carboxyl methyltransferase, the enzyme responsible for biosynthesis of the volatile ester methyl benzoate in flowers of Antirrhinum majus. Arch Biochem Biophys 382:145–151
Pichersky E, Raguso RA, Lewinsohn E, Croteau R (1994) Floral scent production in Clarkia (Onagraceae). I. Localization and developmental modulation of monoterpene emission and linalool synthase activity. Plant Physiol 106:1533–1540
Pichersky E, Lewinsohn E, Croteau R (1995) Purification and characterization of S-linalool synthase, an enzyme involved in the production of floral scent in Clarkia breweri. Arch Biochem Biophys 316:803–807
Ross JR, Nam KH, D’Auria JC, Pichersky E (1999) S-adenosyl-L-methionine: salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase, an enzyme involved in floral scent production and plant defense, represents a new class of plant methyltransferases. Arch Biochem Biophys 367:9–16
Schneiderbauer A, Sandermann H Jr, Ernst D (1991) Isolation of functional RNA from plant tissues rich in phenolic compounds. Anal Biochem 197:91–95
Schultz D, Craig R, Cox-Foster DL, Mumma RO, Medford JI (1994) RNA isolation from recalcitrant plant tissue. Plant Mol Biol Rep 12:310–316
Shulaev V, Silverman P, Raskin I (1997) Airborne signalling by methyl salicylate in plant pathogen resistance. Nature 385:718–721
Wang J, Pichersky E (1998) Characterization of S-adenosyl-L-methionine:(iso)eugenol 0-methyltransferase involved in floral scent production in Clarkia breweri. Arch Biochem Biophys 349:153–160
Wang J, Dudareva N, Bhakta S, Raguso RA, Pichersky E (1997) Floral scent production in Clarkia breweri (Onagraceae). II. Localization and developmental modulation of the enzyme S-adenosyl-L-methionine:(iso)eugenol O-methyltransferase and phenylpropanoid emission. Plant Physiol 114:213–221
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Boatright, J., Dudareva, N. (2002). RNA Gel Blot Analysis to Determine Gene Expression of Floral Scents. In: Jackson, J.F., Linskens, H.F. (eds) Analysis of Taste and Aroma. Molecular Methods of Plant Analysis, vol 21. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04857-3_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04857-3_13
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-07513-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-04857-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive