Abstract
The current capabilities to estimate the sea surface topography and to monitor its variability are reviewed. The traditional fixing of national height systems is discussed in view of the most recent knowledge about the absolute sea surface topography and its error budget. Also, low frequency changes of the mean sea level have been monitored and are to be considered. The role of tide gauges that are tied to a geocentric reference system is demonstrated. Possibilities to realize the link between sea level and height systems are introduced and requirements are discussed for a global unification of vertical reference systems.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
AVISO: Aviso User Handbook: Merged Topex/Poseidon Products.AVI-NT-02–101-CN, Edition 3. 0, 1996
AVISO (1999) Aviso Cal/Val yeraly report: 6 years of Topex/Poseidon data. AVI-NT-011–316-CN, Edition 1. 0
Balmino, G., F. Perosanz, R. Rummel, N. Sneeuw and H. Sünkel (1999) CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE: mission concepts and simulations. Bolletino di Geofisica Teorica ed Applicata, Vol. 40 (3–4), 309–312
Bosch, W., M.Kuhn, M.Baumgartner, R.Kaniuth (2001) Überwachung des Meresspiegels durch Satellitenaltimetrie - Ergebnisse und Folgerungen. Zeitschrift für Vermessungswesen, Heft 5 (in print)
Chambers, D.P., J. Chen,R.S. Nerem and B.D. Tapley (2000) Interannual Mean Sea Level Change and the Earth’s Water Mass Budget. Geophys. Res. Leu., Vol. 27 (19), 3073–3076
Heiskanen, W.A. and H. Moritz (1967) Physical Geodesy, Freeman and Company, San Francisco
Helmert, F.R. (1880) Die Mathematischen und Physikalischen Theorien der Höheren Geodäsie, Teil I. Teubner, Leipzig
Kellog, O.D. (1953): Foundations of Potential Theory. Dover, New York
Levitus,S., R. Bugett and T. Boyer (1994) World Ocean Atlas 1994. NOAA Atlas NESDIS, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C.
Lemoine, F.G., et al. (1998) The Developement of the Joint NASA GSFC and the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA Geopotential Model EGM96. NASA/TP-1998–206861, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
Nerem R.S., J. Lerch, C.J. Koblinsky, S.M. Klosko, G.B.Patel, and R.G. Williamson (1994a) Ocean dynamic topography from satellite altimetry based onthe GEM-T3 geopotential model manuscripta geodaetica, Vol. 19, 346–366
Nerem, R.S., E.J. Schrama, C.J. Koblisnky, and B.D. Beckley (1994b) A preliminary evaluation of ocean topography from the Topex/Poseidon mission. J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 99(C12), 24. 565–24. 583
Mitchum, G.T. (1998) Monitoring the Stability of Satellite Altimeters with Tide Gauges. J. Atmosphic and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 15 (3), 721–730
Pond, Pickard (1983) Introductory Dynamical Oceanography
Rapp, R. (1989) The treatment of permanent tideal effects in the analysis of altimeter data for sea surface topography. manuscripta geodaetica, Vi1. 14, 365–372
Reigber, Ch., F. Barthelmes, H. Greiner-Mai, Th. Gruber, H. Jochmann, J. Wuensch (1999) Temporal Gravity Field Variations from Oceanic, Atmospheric and Inner Core Mass Redistributions and their Sensitivity to New Gravity Missions CHAMP and GRACE. Bolletino di Geofisica Teorica ed Applicata, Vol. 40, 329–340
Visser P.A.N.M., K.F. Wakker and B.A.C. Ambrosius (1993) Dynamic Sea Surface Topography from Geosat Altimetry. Marine Geodesy, Vol. 16, 215–239
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Bosch, W. (2002). The Sea Surface Topography and its Impact to Global Height System Definition. In: Drewes, H., Dodson, A.H., Fortes, L.P.S., Sánchez, L., Sandoval, P. (eds) Vertical Reference Systems. International Association of Geodesy Symposia, vol 124. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04683-8_43
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04683-8_43
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-07701-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-04683-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive