Summary
This chapter addresses the following topics: The history of the discovery of Type II superconductors and their usual magnetic properties: two critical fields and the mixed state in between, with a partial penetration of the magnetic field in the form of a lattice of quantum vortices. The vortex lattice, as an unavoidable feature of a gauge field theory. Imaging: neutron diffraction, magnetic powder decoration, STM studies, electron holography. Moving vortices and pinning: types of pinning, vortex glass, melting of the vortex lattice. Other types of vortices: Pearl’s vortices in thin films placed in a normal field, surface vortices above H c2, Josephson vortices. Resistive state in thin wires; phase-slip centers as vortices in the space-time plane.
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Abrikosov, A.A. (2002). Type II Superconductors and Vortices from the 1950s to the 1990s. In: Huebener, R.P., Schopohl, N., Volovik, G.E. (eds) Vortices in Unconventional Superconductors and Superfluids. Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences, vol 132. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04665-4_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04665-4_2
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