Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Mast Cells as Targets for Glucocorticoids in the Treatment of Allergic Disorders

  • Conference paper
Recent Advances in Glucocorticoid Receptor Action

Part of the book series: Ernst Schering Research Foundation Workshop ((SCHERING FOUND,volume 40))

  • 127 Accesses

Abstract

Mast cells are immune inflammatory cells residing in peripheral tissues and acting as sentinels. They are involved in diverse physiological processes such as tissue repair or wound healing (reviewed in Artuc et al. 1999), and they participate in defence against parasitic infection and other aspects of innate and acquired immunity (reviewed in Mekori and Metcalfe 2000; Wedemeyer and Galli 2000). In susceptible allergic individuals, this protection system is unbalanced and mast cells play a deleterious role in the pathophysiology of allergic disorders (reviewed in Holgate 2000; Bingham and Austen 2000; Hart 2001). An increase in the number of infiltrated mast cells, often in an activated state, is indeed observed at sites of allergic inflammation such as in the bronchus of asthmatic patients (Laitinen et al. 1993; Pesci et al. 1993; Bradding et al. 1994; Kassel et al. 2001a). Mast cells express high affinity IgE receptors (FcεRI) on their surface, which when aggregated by an antigen (allergen) recognized by specific receptor-bound IgE, initiate biochemical events leading to the release of inflammatory mediators (Metzger 1992).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Agis H, Willheim M, Sper WR, Wilfing A, Krömer E, Kabrna E, Spanblöchl E, Strobl H, Geissler K, Spittler A, Boltz-Nitulescu G, Madjic O, Lechner K, Valent P (1993) Monocytes do not make mast cells when cultured in the presence of SCF. Characterization of the circulating mast cell progenitor as a c-kit+, CD34+, Ly, CD14-, CD17, colony forming cell. J Immunol 151: 4221–4227

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alessi DR, Smythe C Keyse SM (1993) The human CL100 gene encodes a Tyr/Thr-protein phosphatase which potently and specifically inactivates MAP kinase and suppresses its activation by oncogenic ras in Xenopus oocyte extracts. Oncogene 8: 2015–2020

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Artuc M, Hermes B, Steckelings UM, Grutzkau A, Henz BM (1999) Mast cells and their mediators in cutaneous wound healing–active participants or innocent bystanders? Exp Dermatol 8: 1–16

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Austen KF, Boyce JA (2001) Mast cell lineage development and phenotypic regulation. Leuk Res 25: 511–518

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barnes, PJ (1998) Antiinflammatory action of glucocorticoids: molecular mechanisms. Clin Sci 94: 557–572

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barnes PJ, Pedersen S, Busse WW (1998) Efficacy and safety of inhaled corti- costeroids. New developments. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 157: S1 - S53

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barnes NC, Burke CM, Poulter LW, Schleimer RP (2000) The anti-inflammatory profile of inhaled corticosteroids: biopsy studies in asthmatic patients. Respir Med 94: 516 - S21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beato M, Herrlich P, Schutz G (1995) Steroid hormone receptors: many actors in search of a plot. Cell 83: 851–857

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beaven MA, Baumgartner, RA (1996) Downstream signals initiated in mast cells by Fc epsilon RI and other receptors. Curr Opin Immunol 8: 766–772

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benhamou M, Ninio E, Salem P, Hieblot C, Bessou G, Pitton C, Liu FT, Mencia-Huerta JM (1986) Decrease in IgE Fc receptor expression on mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells and inhibition of PAF-acether formation and of beta-hexosaminidase release by dexamethasone. J Immunol 136: 1385–1392

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bingham CO 3rd, Austen KF (2000) Mast-cell responses in the development of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 105: S527 - S534

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bradding P, Roberts JA, Britten KM, Montefort S, Djukanovic R, Mueller R, Heusser CH, Howarth PH, Holgate ST (1994) Interleukin-4, interleukin-5, and interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in normal and asthmatic airways–evidence for the human mast cell as a source of these cytokines. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 10: 471–480

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bradding P Feather IH, Wilson S, Holgate ST, Howarth PH (1995) Cytokine immunoreactivity in seasonal rhinitis: regulation by a topical corticosteroid. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 151: 1900–1906

    Google Scholar 

  • Caelles C, Gonzalez-Sancho JM, Munoz A (1997) Nuclear hormone receptor antagonism with AP-1 by inhibition of the JNK pathway. Genes Dev 11: 3351–3364

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cato AC, Wade E (1996) Molecular mechanisms of anti-inflammatory action of glucocorticoids. Bioessays 18: 371–378

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cissel DS, Beaven, MA (2000) Disruption of Raf-1/Heat shock protein 90 complex and Raf signaling by dexamethasone in mast cells. J Biol Chem, 275: 7066–7070

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Collado-Escobar D, Cunha-Melo JR, Beaven MA (1990) Treatment with dexamethasone down-regulates IgE-receptor-mediated signals and up-regulates adenosine-receptor-mediated signals in a rat mast cell (RBL-2H3) line. J Immunol 144: 244–250

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Croxtall JD, Choudhury Q, Flower RJ (2000) Glucocorticoids act within minutes to inhibit recruitment of signalling factors to activated EGF receptors through a receptor-dependent, transcription-independent mechanism. Br J Pharmacol 130: 289–298

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Daeron M, Sterk AR, Hirata F, Ishizaka T (1982) Biochemical analysis of glucocorticoid-induced inhibition of IgE-mediated histamine release from mouse mast cells. J Immunol 129: 1212–1218

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dorfman,K, Carrasco D, Gruda M, Ryan C, Lira S A, Bravo, R (1996) Disruption of the erp/mkp-1 gene does not affect mouse development: normal MAP kinase activity in ERP/MKP-1-deficient fibroblasts. Oncogene 13: 925–931

    Google Scholar 

  • Eklund KK, Humphries DE, Xia Z, Ghildyal N, Friend DS, Gross V, Stevens RL (1997) Glucocorticoids inhibit the cytokine-induced proliferation of mast cells, the high affinity IgE-receptor-mediated expression of TNF-alpha, and the IL-10-induced expression of chymases. J Immunol 158: 4373–4380

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandes D, Guida E, Koutsoubos V, Harris T, Vadiveloo P, Wilson JW, Stewart AG (1999) Glucocorticoids inhibit proliferation, cyclin D1 expression, and retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation, but not activity of the extracel-lular-regulated kinases in human cultured airway smooth muscle. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 21: 77–88

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Finotto S, Mekori YA, Metcalfe DD (1997) Glucocorticoids decrease tissue mast cell number by reducing the production of the c-kit ligand, stem cell factor, by resident cells — in vitro and in vivo evidence in murine systems. J Clin Invest 99: 1721–1728

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garrington TP, Ishizaka T, Papst PJ, Chayama K, Webb S, Yujiri T, Sun W, Sather S, Russell DM, Gibson SB, Keller G, Gelfand EW, Johnson GL (2000) MEKK2 gene disruption causes loss of cytokine production in response to IgE and c-Kit ligand stimulation of ES cell-derived mast cells. EMBO J 19: 5387–5395

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gewert K, Hiller G, Sundler R (2000) Effects of dexamethasone on mitogenactivated protein kinases in mouse macrophages: implications for the regulation of 85 kDa cytosolic phospholipase A(2). Biochem Pharmacol 60: 545–551

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez MV, Gonzalez-Sancho JM, Caelles C, Munoz A, Jimenez B (1999) Hormone-activated nuclear receptors inhibit the stimulation of the JNK and ERK signalling pathways in endothelial cells. FEBS Lett 459: 272–276

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez MV, Jimenez B, Berciano MT, Gonzalez-Sancho JM, Caelles C, Lafarga M, Munoz A (2000) Glucocorticoids antagonize AP-1 by inhibiting the activation/phosphorylation of JNK without affecting its subcellular distribution. J Cell Biol 150: 1199–1208

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Groom LA, Sneddon AA, Alessi DR, Dowd S, Keyse SM (1996) Differential regulation of the MAP, SAP and RK/p38 kinases by Pystl, a novel cytosolic dual-specificity phosphatase. EMBO J 15: 3621–3632

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hart PH (2001) Regulation of the inflammatory response in asthma by mast cell products. Immunol Cell Biol 79: 149–153

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hata D, Kitaura J, Hartman SE, Kawakami Y, Yokota T, Kawakami T (1998) Bruton’s tyrosine kinase-mediated interleukin-2 gene activation in mast cells dependence on the c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation pathway. J Biol Chem 273: 10979–10987

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayashi C, Sonoda T, Nakano T, Nakayama H, kitamura Y (1985) Mast-cell precursors in the skin of mouse embryos and their deficiency in embryos of Sl/Sld genotype. Dev Biol 109: 234–241

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heiman AS, Crews FT (1984) Inhibition of immunoglobulin, but not polypeptide base-stimulated release of histamine and arachidonic acid by anti-inflammatory steroids. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 230: 175–182

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Her E, Reiss N, Braquet P, Zor U (1991) Characterization of glucocorticoid inhibition of antigen-induced inositolphosphate formation by rat basophilic leukemia cells: possible involvement of phosphatases. Biochim Biophys Acta 1133: 63–72

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herrlich P (2001) Cross-talk between glucocorticoid receptor and AP-1. Oncogene 20: 2465–2475

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirasawa N, Scharenberg A, Yamamura H, Beaven MA, Kinet JP (1995a) A requirement for Syk in the activation of the microtubule-associated protein kinase/phospholipase A2 pathway by Fc epsilon Rl is not shared by a G protein-coupled receptor. J Biol Chem 270: 10960–10967

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirasawa N, Santini F, Beaven M A (1995b) Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/cytosolic phospholipase A2 pathway in a rat mast cell line. J Immunol 154: 5391–5402

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirasawa N, Sato Y, Fujita Y, Mue S, Ohuchi K (1998) Inhibition by dexamethasone of antigen-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation in rat basophilic leukemia cells. J Immunol 161: 4939–4943

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirasawa N, Murakami A, Ohuchi K (2001) Expression of a 74-kDa histidine decarboxylase protein in a macrophage-like cell line RAW 2647 and inhibition by dexamethasone. Eur J Pharmacol 418: 23–28

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holgate ST (2000) The role of mast cells and basophils in inflammation. Clin Exp Allergy 30: S28 - S32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hulley PA, Gordon F, Hough FS (1998) Inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase activity and proliferation of an early osteoblast cell line (MBA 154) by dexamethasone: role of protein phosphatases. Endocrinology 139: 2423–2431

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Irani AA, Nilsson G, Ashman LK, Schwartz LB (1995) Dexamethasone inhibits the development of mast cells from dispersed human fetal liver cells cultured in the presence of recombinant stem cell factor. Immunology 84: 72–78

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kassel O, Schmidlin F, Duvernelle C, de Blay F, Frossard N (1998) Up-and down-regulation by glucocorticoids of the constitutive expression of the mast cell growth factor stem cell factor by human lung fibroblasts in culture. Mol Pharmacol 54: 1073–1079

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kassel O, de Blay F, Duvernelle C, Olgart C, Israel-Biet D, Krieger P, Moreau L, Muller C, Pauli G, Frossard N (2001a) Local increase in the number of mast cells and expression of nerve growth factor in the bronchus of asthmatic patients after repeated inhalation of allergen at low-dose. Clin Exp Allergy 31: 1432–1440

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kassel O, Sancono A, Krätzschmar J, Kreft B, Stassen M, Cato AC (2001b) Glucocorticoids inhibit MAP-kinase via increased expression and decreased degradation of MKP-1. EMBO J 20: 7108–7116

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim Y-K, Nakagawa N, Nakano K, Sulakvelidze I, Dolovich J, Denburg J (1997) Stem cell factor in nasal polyposis and allergic rhinitis: increased expression by structural cells is suppressed by in vivo topical corticosteroids. J Allergy Clin Immunol 100: 389–399

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kimata M, Inagaki N, Kato T, Miura T, Serizawa I, Nagai H (2000) Roles of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways for mediator release from human cultured mast cells. Biochem Pharmacol 60: 589–594

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kimata M, Abe T, Yamaguchi I, Mito K, Tsunematsu M, Inagaki N, Nagai H (2001) Prednisolone inhibits an IgE-mediated late-phase allergic cutaneous reaction by interfering with the activation of mast cells in mice. Pharmacology 62: 17–22

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kobayashi H, Ishizuka T, Okayama Y (2000) Human mast cells and basophils as sources of cytokines. Clin Exp Allergy 30: 1205–1212

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • König H, Ponta H, Rahmsdorf HJ, Herrlich P (1992) Interference between pathway-specific transcription factors: glucocorticoids antagonize phorbol ester-induced AP-1 activity without altering AP-1 site occupancy in vivo. EMBO J 11: 2241–2246

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Laitinen LA, Laitinen A, Haahtela T (1993) Airway mucosal inflammation even in patients with newly diagnosed asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 147: 697–704

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mekori YA, Metcalfe DD (2000) Mast cells in innate immunity. Immunol Rev 173: 131–140

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Metzger H (1992) The receptor with high affinity for IgE. Immunol Rev 125: 37–48

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nechushtan H, Razin E (1998) Deciphering the early-response transcription factor network in mast cells. Trends Immunol 19: 441–444

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nissen RM, Yamamoto KR (2000) The glucocorticoid receptor inhibits NFKB by interfering with serine-2 phosphorylation of the RNA polymerase II carboxy-terminal domain. Genes and Dev 14: 2314–2329

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Novotny V, Prieschl EE, Csonga R, Fabjani G, Baumruker T (1998) Nrfl in a complex with fosB, c-jun, junD and ATF2 forms the APl component at the TNF alpha promoter in stimulated mast cells. Nucleic Acids Res 26: 5480–5485

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olgart C, Frossard N (2001) Human lung fibroblasts secrete nerve growth factor: effect of inflammatory cytokines and glucocorticoids. Eur Respir J 18: 115–121

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Offermanns S, Jones SV, Bombien E, Schultz G (1994) Stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase activity by different secretory stimuli in rat basophilic leukemia cells. J Immunol 152: 250–261

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pelletier C, Varin-Blank N, Rivera J, Iannascoli B, Marchand F, David B, Weyer A, Blank U (1998) FceRI-mediated induction of TNF-a gene expression in the RBL-2H3 mast cell line: regulation by a novel NF-KB-like nuclear binding complex. J Immunol 161: 4768–4776

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pesci A, Foresi A, Bertorelli G, Chetta A, Oliven D (1993) Histochemical characteristics and degranulation of mast cells in epithelium and lamina propria of bronchial biopsies from asthmatic and normal subjects. Am Rev Respir Dis 147: 684–689

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pettiford SM, Herbst R (2000) The MAP-kinase ERK2 is a specific substrate of the protein tyrosine phosphatase HePTP. Oncogene 19: 858–869

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pons F, Freund V, Kuissu H, Mathieu E, Olgart C, Frossad N (2001) Nerve growth factor secretion by human lung epithelial A549 cells in pro-and anti-inflammatory conditions. Eur J Pharmacol 428: 365–369

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rider L G, Hirasawa N, Santini F, Beaven MA (1996) Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade is suppressed by low concentrations of dexamethasone in mast cells. J Immunol 157: 2374–2380

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rottem M, Okada T, Goff JP, Metcalfe DD (1994) Mast cells cultured from the peripheral blood of normal donors and patients with mastocytosis originate from a CD34+ Fc(epsilon)RI(—) cell population. Blood 84: 2489–2496

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt-Choudhury A, Furuta GT, Lavigne JA, Galli SJ, Wershil BK (1996) The regulation of tumor necrosis factor-a production in murine mast cells: pentoxifylline or dexamethasone inhibits IgE-dependent production of TNF-a by distinct mechanisms. Cell Immunol 171: 140–146

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Song JS, Haleem-Smith H, Arudchandran R, Gomez J, Scott PM, Mill JF, Tan TH, Rivera J (1999) Tyrosine phosphorylation of Vav stimulates IL-6 production in mast cells by a Rac/c-Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent pathway. J Immunol 163: 802–810

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sousa AR, Lane SJ, Soh C, Lee TH (1999) In vivo resistance to corticosteroids in bronchial asthma is associated with enhanced phosphorylation of JUN N-terminal kinase and failure of prednisolone to inhibit JUN N-terminal kinase phosphorylation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 104: 565–574

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun H, Charles CH, Lau LF, Tonks NK (1993) MKP-1 (3CH134), an immediate early gene product, is a dual specificity phosphatase that dephosphorylates MAP kinase in vivo. Cell 75: 487–493

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swantek JL, Cobb MH, Geppert TD (1997) Jun-N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase (JNK/SAPK) is required for lipopolysaccharide stimulation of tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a) translation: glucocorticoids inhibit TNF-a translation by blocking JNK/SAPK. Mol Cell Biol 17: 6274–6282

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tchekneva E, Serafin WE (1994) Kirsten sarcoma virus-immortalized mast cell lines Reversible inhibition of growth by dexamethasone and evidence for the presence of an autocrine growth factor. J Immunol 152: 5912–5921

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Turner H, Kinet J-P (1999) Signalling through the high-affinity IgE receptor FccRI. Nature 402: B24 — B30

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ventura JJ, Roncero C, Fabregat I, Benito M (1999) Glucocorticoid receptor down-regulates c-Jun amino terminal kinases induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha in fetal rat hepatocyte primary cultures. Hepatology 29: 849–857

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Virchow JC, Julius P, Lommatzsch M, Luttmann W, Renz H, Braun A (1998) Neurotrophins are increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after segmental allergen provocation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 158: 2002–2005

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wedemeyer J, Galli SJ (2000) Mast cells and basophils in acquired immunity. Br Med Bull 56: 936–955

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wershil BK, Furuta GT, Lavigne JA, Choudhury AR, Wang ZS, Galli SJ (1995) Dexamethasone or cyclosporin A suppress mast cell-leukocyte cytokine cascades. Multiple mechanisms of inhibition of IgE- and mast cell-dependent cutaneous inflammation in the mouse. J Immunol 154: 1391–1398

    Google Scholar 

  • Widén C, Zilliacus J, Gustafsson JA, Wikstrom AC (2000) Glucocorticoid receptor interaction with 14–3–3 and Raf–1, a proposed mechanism for crosstalk of two signal transduction pathways. J Biol Chem 275: 39296 – 39301

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yamaguchi M, Hirai K, Komiya A, Miyamasu M, Furomoto Y, Teshima R, Ohta K, Morita Y, Galli SJ, Ra C, Yamamoto K (2001) Regulation of mouse mast cell surface Fc epsilon RI expression by dexamethasone. Int Immunol 13: 843–851

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yee NS, Paek I, Besmer P (1994) Role of kit-ligand in proliferation and suppression of apoptosis in mast cells: basis for radiosensitivity of White spotting and Steel mutant mice. J Exp Med 179: 1777–1787

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang C, Baumgartner RA, Yamada K, Beaven MA (1997) Mitogen-activated protein ( MAP) kinase regulates production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and release of arachidonic acid in mast cells. J Biol Chem 272: 13397–13402

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. O. Kassel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. C. B. Cato
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany

    A. C. B. Cato

  2. Research Business Area Dermatology, Schering AG, Müllerstr. 178, 13342, Berlin, Germany

    H. Schäcke  & K. Asadullah  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Kassel, O., Cato, A.C.B. (2002). Mast Cells as Targets for Glucocorticoids in the Treatment of Allergic Disorders. In: Cato, A.C.B., Schäcke, H., Asadullah, K. (eds) Recent Advances in Glucocorticoid Receptor Action. Ernst Schering Research Foundation Workshop, vol 40. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04660-9_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04660-9_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-04662-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-04660-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation