Abstract
Two phenomena are known as the electric field induced change in reflectivity. One is linearly proportional to the electric field and is known as the Pockels effect and the other is quadratically proportional to the electric field and is known as the Kerr effect. These two phenomena are called the electro-optic effect and are observed in the transparent region and thus well below the fundamental absorption edge. For example, the Pockels effect is expressed by
where E is the electric field applied to a crystal, (δk -1)ij is the ij component of the change in the inverse dielectric constant and r ijk is called the Pockels electro-optic constant. In this Section we will not go into detail on this kind of phenomenological treatment but we will consider the magnitude of the change in the dielectric constant near the fundamental absorption edge induced by the applied electric field in a semiconductor.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
The following references will provide a good guide to the understanding of Chap. 5
M. Cardona: Modulation spectroscopy, In Solid State Physics, Suppl. 11 (Academic Press, New York, 1969)
D.E. Aspnes: Modulation spectroscopy/electric field effects on the dielectric function of semiconductors, In Handbook of Semiconductors, Vol. 2, ed. by M. Balkanski (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1980) pp. 109–154
P. Yu and M. Cardona: Fundamentals of Semiconductors: Physics and Materials Properties (Springer, Heidelberg, 1996)
B.O. Seraphin: Electroreflectance, Semiconductors and Semimetals, ed. by R.K. Willardson and A.C. Beer (Academic, New York 1972), Vol. 9, pp. 1- 149
D.F. Blossey and P. Handler: Electreoabsorption, In Semiconductors and Semimetals, Vol. 9, ed. by R.K. Willardson and A.C. Beer (Academic Press, New York, 1972) pp. 257–314
D.E. Aspnes and N. Bottka: Electric-Field Effects on the Dielectric Function of Semiconductors and Insulators, In Semiconductors and Semimetals, Vol. 9, ed. by R.K. Willardson and A.C. Beer (Academic Press, New York, 1972) pp. 457–543
R. Loudon: The Quantum Theory of Light (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1973)
R. Loudon: “The Raman Effect in Crystals” , Adv. Phys. 13 (1964) pp. 423–482; Erratum, Adv. Phys. 14 (1965) 621
C. Hamaguchi: Brillouin scattering in anisotropic crystals, “Oyo Buturi” (Jpn. Soc. Appl. Phys.), 42, No. 9 (1973) 866 (in Japanese)
M. Cardona: “Light Scattering as a Form of Modulation Spectroscopy” , Surf. Sci. 37 (1973) 100–119
The following references are cited in the text
M. Abramowitz and I.A. Stegun: Handbook of Mathematical Functions, (Dover Publications, New York, 1965) p. 446
W. Franz: Z. Naturforsch. 13 (1958) 484
L.V. Keldysh: Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 34 (1958) 1138 [English transl.: Sov. Phys.-JETP, 7 (1958) 788]
B.O. Seraphin and N. Bottka: Phys. Rev. 145 (1966) 628
D.E. Aspnes: Phys. Rev. 147 (1966) 554
Y. Hamakawa, P. Handler and F.A. Germano: Phys. Rev. 167 (1966) 709
H.R. Philipp, H. Ehrenreich: In Semiconductors and Semimetals, Vol. 3, ed. by R.K. Willardson, A.C. Beer (Academic Press, New York, 1967) pp. 93–124
D.E. Aspnes: Phys. Rev. Lett. 28 (1972) 168
D.E. Aspnes and J.E. Rowe: Phys. Rev. B5 (1972) 4022
D.E. Aspnes: Surf. Sci. 37 (1973) 418
M. Haraguchi, Y. Nakagawa, M. Fukui, S. Muto: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 30 (1991) 1367
H.M.J. Smith: Phil. Trans. A241 (1948) 105
P.A. Temple and C.E. Hathaway: Phys. Rev. B6 (1973) 3685
R. Loudon: Proc. Roy. Soc. A275 (1963) 218
G.L. Bir and G.E. Pikus: Sov. Phys.-Solid State 2 (1961) 2039
M. Cardona: Surf. Sci. 37 (1973) 100
S. Adachi and C. Hamaguchi: J. Phys. C, Solid State Phys. 12 (1979) 2917
B.A. Weinstein and M. Cardona: Phys. Rev. B8 (1973) 2795
L. Brillouin: Ann. Phys. (Paris) 17 (1922) 88
F. Pockels: Ann. Physik 37 (1889) 144, 372; 39 (1890) 440
G.B. Benedek and K. Fritsch: Phys. Rev. 149 (1966) 647
C. Hamaguchi: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 35 (1973) 832
D.F. Nelson, P.D. Lazay and M. Lax: Phys. Rev. B6 (1972) 3109
R.W. Dixon: IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-3 (1967) 85
J.R. Sandercock: Phys. Rev. Lett. 28 (1972) 237
D.L. White: J. Appl. Phys., 33 (1962) 2547
B.W. Hakki and R.W. Dixon: Appl. Phys. Lett. 14 (1969) 185
D.L. Spears and R. Bray: Phys. Lett. 29A (1969) 670
D.L. Spears: Phys. Rev. B2 (1970) 1931
E.D. Palik and R. Bray: Phys. Rev. B3 (1971) 3302
M. Yamada, C. Hamaguchi, K. Matsumoto, J. Nakai: Phys. Rev. B7 (1973) 2682
D.K. Garrod and R. Bray: Phys. Rev. B6 (1972) 1314
A. Feldman and D. Horowitz: J. Appl. Phys. 39 (1968) 5597
K. Ando and C. Hamaguchi: Phys. Rev. B11 (1975) 3876
K. Ando, K. Yamabe, S. Hamada and C. Hamaguchi: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 41 (1976) 1593
K. Yamabe, K. Ando and C. Hamaguchi: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 16 (1977) 747
S. Adachi and C. Hamaguchi: Phys. Rev. B19 (1979) 938
C.H. Henry and J.J. Hopfield: Phys. Rev. Lett. 15 (1965) 964
R. Ulbrich and C. Weisbuch: Phys. Rev. Lett. 38 (1977) 865
H.Y. Fan, W. Spitzer and R.J. Collins: Phys. Rev. 101 (1956) 556
W.G. Spitzer and H.Y. Fan: Phys. Rev. 106 (1957) 882
V.L. Gurevich, A.I. Larkin and Y.A. Firsov: Fiz. Tverd. Tela 4 (1962) 185
A. Mooradian and G.B. Wright: Phys. Rev. Lett. 16 (1966) 999
A. Mooradian: In Advances in Solid State Physics, ed. by O. Madelung (Pergamon, New York, 1969) 74
M.V. Klein: In Light Scattering in Solids, ed. by M. Cardona (Springer, New York, 1975) p. 148
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hamaguchi, C. (2001). Optical Properties 2. In: Basic Semiconductor Physics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04656-2_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04656-2_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-07492-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-04656-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive