Abstract
The concepts of fracture mechanics received increasing interest during the last 60 years, when large objects such as ships, tanks and jets suddenly fractured in service, although on the basis of the conventional data for stiffness and strength this failure should not have happened [1]. Microdefects and flaws in the materials have been identified as the origin of this unexpected failure. These defects, which in nearly every material grow to an over-critical size during use of the item, fmally become unstable and initiate a catastrophic fracture. Consequently, it has become urgent to study the instability of cracks, which is the subject of fracture mechanics.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Marder M., Fineberg J. (1996): How things break. Phys. Today, September 1996: 25
Griffith A. A. (1920): The phenomena of rupture and flow in solids. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A221: 163-198
Williams J. G. (1980): Stress Analysis of Polymers. Ellis Horwood
ISO/DIS 13586.2 (1998): Plastics - Determination of Fracture Toughness (Gc and KO -Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) Approach
Hahn H. G. (1970): Spannungsverteilung an Rissen in festen Körpern. VDI-Forschungsheft 542: 1-46
Rice J. R. (1968): A path independent integral and the approximation analysis of strain concentration by notches and cracks. J. Appl. Mech. 35: 379-386
Weidmann G., Doll W. (1976): Interferenzoptische Vermessung der Craze-Zonen vor der Rißspitze in PMMA. Colloid Polym. Sci. 254: 205-214
Williams J. G., Cawood M. J. (1990): European group on fracture: K K and G, methods for polymers. Polym. Test. 9: 15-26
ISO/DIS 15850 (1999): Plastics - Determination of Tension Fatigue Crack Propagation - Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) Approach
Newmann L. V., Williams J. G. (1978): The impact behaviour of ABS over a range of temperatures. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Toughening of Plastics, London, July 1978: 18.1-18.8
Ramsteiner F. (1996): Method to evaluate the strength of interfaces in polymeric systems. Polym. Test. 15: 573-584
Gibson L. J., Ashby M. F. (1988): Cellular Solids. Pergamon, Oxford.
Heckmann W., Ramsteiner F., Theysohn R. (1980): Effects influencing the fibre concentration dependence of tensile strength of unidirectional, short-glass fibre reinforced thermoplastics. In: Proceedings of ICCM 3, Advances in Composite Materials, Paris (France): 95-103
Erdogan F., Sih G. C. (1963): On the crack extension in plates under plane loading and transverse shear. J. Basic Engng.: 519-527
Ramsteiner F. (1993): An approach towards understanding mode II failure in PMMA. Polymer 34: 312-317
Hashemi S., Williams J. G. (1986): A fracture toughness study on low density and linear low density polyethylene. Polymer 27: 384-392
ASTM E 1152 (1987): Standard Test Method for Determining J-R Curves
Zhou Z., Landes J. D., Huang D. D. (1994): J-R curve calculation with the normalization method for toughened polymers. Polym. Engng. Sci. 34: 128-134
Che M., Grellmann W., Seidler S., Landes J. D. (1997): Application of a normalization method for determining J-R curves in glassy polymer PVC at different crosshead speeds. Fatigue Fract. Engng. Mater. Struct. 20: 119-127
Ramsteiner F. (1999): J02-values by impact testing. Polym. Test. 18: 641-647
Seidler S., Grellmann W. (1995): Application of the instrumented impact test to the toughness characterization of high impact thermoplastics. In: Williams J. G., Pavan A. (Eds.) Impact and Dynamic Fracture of Polymers and Composites, ESIS Publication 19, Mechanical Engineering Publications, London: 171-178
Dugdale D. S. (1960): Yielding of steel sheets containing slits. J. Mech. Phys. 8: 100-104
Mai Y. W., Cotterell B. (1991): On the essential work of ductile fracture in polymers. J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. 29: 785-793
Karger-Kocsis J. (1996): How does ’phase transformation toughening’ work in semicrystalline polymers? Polym. Engng. Sci. 36: 203-210
Clutton E. Q. (2000): ESIS TC4 experience with the essential work of fracture method applied to plastics films. In: Williams J. G., Pavan A. (Eds.) Composites and Adhesives. ESIS Publication, Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford: 187-199
Wong S. C., Hai Y. W. (1999): Essential fracture work of short fiber reinforced polymer blends. Polym. Engng. Sci. 39: 356-364
Casellas J. J., Frontini P. M., Carella J. M. (1999): Fracture characterization of low-density polyethylenes by the essential work of fracture: changes induced by thermal treatments and testing temperature. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 74: 781-796
Maspoch M. L., Ferrer D., Gordillo A., Santana O. O., Martinez A. B. (1999): Effect of specimen dimensions and the test speed on the fracture toughness of iPP by the essential work of fracture (EWF) method. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 73: 177-187
Karger-Kocsis J. (1999): Toward understanding the morphology-related crack initiation and propagation behaviour in polypropylene systems as assessed by the essential work of fracture approach. J. Macromol. Sci. Phys. B (5 & 6) 38: 635-646
Raab M., Kotek J., Baldrian J., Grellmann W. (1998): Toughness profile of injection-molded polypropylene: The effect of the fi-modification. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 69: 2255-2259
ASTM D 3433 (1999): Standard Test Method for Fracture Strength in Cleavage of Adhesives in Bonded Joints
Kinloch A. L., Lau C. C., Williams J. W. (1994): The peeling of flexible laminates. Int. J. of Fract. 66: 45-70
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ramsteiner, F., Schuster, W., Forster, S. (2001). Concepts of Fracture Mechanics for Polymers. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (eds) Deformation and Fracture Behaviour of Polymers. Engineering Materials. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04556-5_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04556-5_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-07453-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-04556-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive