Abstract
Local-equilibrium thermodynamics assumes that the equations of state retain the same form out of equilibrium as in equilibrium, but with a local meaning [1.1–3]. According to this point of view, there is not strictly any thermodynamics under flow, since the flow does not change the equations of state, though it may modify the transport equations. This approach is insufficient to deal with systems with internal degrees of freedom, so that on some occasions [1.4–7] one includes in the set of thermodynamic variables some internal variables describing some details of the microstructure of the system, such as, for instance, the polymeric configuration. In this case, the flow may influence the thermodynamic equations of state through its action on such internal variables.
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Jou, D., Casas-Vázquez, J., Criado-Sancho, M. (2001). Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics and Rheology. In: Thermodynamics of Fluids Under Flow. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04414-8_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04414-8_1
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