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Raman Scattering in High-T c Superconductors: Phonons, Electrons, and Magnons

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Raman Scattering in Materials Science

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Materials Science ((SSMATERIALS,volume 42))

Abstract

It was realized very soon after the discovery of high-T c superconductors that Raman spectroscopy is an excellent technique for the investigation of low energy elementary excitations in these materials and also for the characterization of their structural, electronic and vibronic properties. The primitive cell of high-T c superconductors is usually centrosymmetric and contains a large number of atoms. While this large number of atoms makes phonon spectra rather complex, the existence of an inversion center allows us to classify the phonons into odd and even with respect to the inversion. Odd phonons are Raman forbidden while even phonons are infrared (IR) forbidden. This feature is of considerable help for the assignment of the various phonon related peaks observed in the Raman and also in the IR spectra (because of the nature of this treatise we shall only discuss IR spectra when needed for the interpretation of phenomena related to Raman spectra). Forbidden phonons may become allowed in a spectrum due to the presence of lattice defects that lower the symmetry around the atoms participating in the vibrations of the phonon under consideration. This often happens in high-T c superconductors as a result of the nonstoichiometric nature of the oxygen composition, which is related to the concentration of superconducting carriers (holes). Although the even phonons (requiring the involvement of at least two equivalent atoms in the mode being considered) can be Raman active, not all of them are. Additional selection rules specific to the crystal point group can also reduce the number of Raman active even phonons (this reduction is more drastic in the case of IR spectra, since only those symmetries that correspond to the three components of the electric field can lead to dipole allowed transitions).

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  1. Physics Department MD3028/SRL, Ford Motor Company, 48121-2053, Dearborn, MI, USA

    Willes H. Weber (Principal Research Scientist) (Principal Research Scientist)

  2. Department of Physics, 500 East University, University of Michigan, 48109-1120, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Roberto Merlin

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Cardona, M. (2000). Raman Scattering in High-T c Superconductors: Phonons, Electrons, and Magnons. In: Weber, W.H., Merlin, R. (eds) Raman Scattering in Materials Science. Springer Series in Materials Science, vol 42. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04221-2_6

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