Abstract
The human sense of smell arises from the stimulation of the olfactory system by volatile chemical molecules transported with inhaled air to the olfactory epithelium, located in the roof of the nose, where the sensory cells are situated [1]. To be detected by the human olfactory system, and as such defined as an odorant, a compound needs to be volatile at ambient temperature. As a consequence, odorants are generally compounds with molecular mass of less than 300 Daltons [2]. They are usually organic molecules containing a limited number of functional groups [3].
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Pearce TC (1997) Biosystems 41: 43
Rossiter KJ (1996) Chem Rev 96: 3201
Ohloff G (1994) Scent and fragrances. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Doty RL, Shaman P, Applebaum SL, Giberson R, Siksorski L, Rosenberg L (1984) Science 226: 1441
Doty RL, Reyes P (1987) Ann NY Acad Sci 510: 260
Koe CCL, Brady DK (1983) Rep CE40, University of Queensland, Dept of Civil Eng
Valentin FHH, North AA (1980) Odour control - a concise guide. Warren Springs Laboratory, Stevenage, UK
Willard HH, Merrit JA Jr, Dean FA, Settle F Jr (1988) Instrumental methods of analysis. Wadsworth Publishing, California
McClennen WH, Arnold NS, Meuzelaar HLC (1994) Trends in Analytical Chemistry 13: 286
Baykut G, Franzen J (1994) Trends in Analytical Chemistry 13: 267
Guillard AS, LeQuere JL, Vendeuvre JL (1997) Food Chem 59: 567
Weber B, Mosandl A (1997) Zeits Lebensmittel-Untersuchung Und Forschung A - Food Res Tech 204: 194
Levine SP, Russwurm GM (1994) Trends in Analytical Chemistry 13: 258
Nielsen GD, Hansen LF, Hammer M, Vejrup KV, Wolkoff P (1997) Indoor Air - Int J Indoor Air Quality And Climate 7: 8
Turner RB, Brokenshire JL (1994) Trends in Analytical Chemistry 13: 275
Richter PI (1994) Trends in Analytical Chemistry 13: 263
Tanyolaç NN, Eaton JR (1950) J Am Pharm Assoc 39: 565
Moncrieff RW (1961) J Appl Physiology 16: 742
Wilkens WF, Hartman JD, (1964) Ann NY Acad Sci 116: 608
Persaud KC, Dodd G (1982) Nature 299: 352
Kleinschmidt P, Hanrieder W (1992) Sens Actuators A - Phys 33: 5
Llobet E, Brezmes J,Vilanova X, Sueiras J, Correig X (1997) Sens Actuators B - Chem 41: 13
Ohnishi H, Sasaki H, Matsumoto T, Ippommatsu M (1993) Sens Actuators B - Chem 14: 677
Skafidas PD, Vlachos DS, Avaritsiotis JN (1994) Sens Actuators B - Chem 19: 724
Taguchi N (1971) Gas-detecting device. US Pat 3,631, 436
Traversa E (1995) Sens Actuators B - Chem 23: 135
Wiegleb G, Heitbaum J (1994) Sens Actuators B - Chem 17: 93
Holmberg M, Winquist F, Lundström I, Gardner JW, Hines EL, (1995) Sens Actuators B - Chem 27: 246
Davide FAM, di Natale C, D’Amico A (1993) Sens Actuators A - Phys 37–8: 296
Martinelli G, Carotta MC (1995) Sens Actuators B - Chem 23: 157
Schierbaum KD (1995) Sens Actuators B - Chem 24: 239
Lalauze R, Breuil P, Pijolat C (1991) Sens Actuators B - Chem 3: 175
Sberveglieri G (1995) Sens Actuators B - Chem 23: 103
Sundgren H, Lundström I, Winquist F, Lukkari I, Carlsson R, Wold S (1990) Sens Actuators B - Chem 2: 115
Popova LI, Andreev SK, Gueorguiev VK, Tomajova NA, Beshkov GD (1991) Sens Actuators B - Chem 3: 273
Dobos K, Mokwa W, Zhang Y, Dura H-G, Zimmer G, (1990) Sens Actuators B - Chem 1: 25
Lu C (1975) J Vac Sci Tech 12: 578
Zhou R, Haug M, Geckeler KE, Göpel W (1993) Sens Actuators B - Chem 16: 312
Dias C, Das-Gupta DK, Hinton Y, Shuford RJ (1993) Sens Actuators A - Phys 37–8: 343
Erna K,Yokoyama M, Nakamoto T, Moriizumi T (1989) Sens Actuators 18: 291
Nakamoto T, Fukunishi K, Moriizumi T (1990) Sens Actuators B - Chem 1: 473
Buff W (1992) Sens Actuators A - Phys 30: 117
Wohltjen H, Dessy R (1979) Anal Chem 51: 1458
Déjous C, Rebière D, Pistré J, Tiret C, Planade R (1995) Sens Actuators B - Chem 24: 58
Arn D, Blom N, Dubler-Steudle K, Graber N, Widmer HM (1991) Sens Actuators A - Phys 26: 395
Stetter JR, Jurs PC, Rose SL (1986) Anal Chem 58: 860
Ben Rashed AB, Bull DR, Harris GJ (1995) Sens Actuators B - Chem 24: 248
Stetter JR, Findlay MW, Maclay GJ, Zhang J, Vaihinger S, Göpel W (1990) Sens Actuators B - Chem 1: 43
Debéda H, Rebière D, Pistré J, Ménil F (1995) Sens Actuators B - Chem 27: 297
Sommer V, Tobias P, Kohl D, Sundgren H, Lundström I (1995) Sens Actuators B - Chem 28: 217
Bott B, Jones TA (1984) Sensors + Actuators 5: 43
Wright JD, Roisin P, Rigby GP, Erkizia E, Nolte RJM, Thorpe SC (1993) Sens Actuators B - Chem 16: 301
Yasuzawa M, Matsushita N, Satake H, Kunugi A (1993) Sens Actuators B - Chem 14: 665
Nagase H, Wakabayashi K, Imanaka T (1993) Sens Actuators B - Chem 14: 596
Agbor NE, Petty MC, Monkman AP (1995) Sens Actuators B - Chem 28: 173
Shurmer HV, Corcoran P, Gardner JW (1991) Sens Actuators B - Chem 4: 29
Slater JM, Paynter J, Watt EJ (1993) Analyst 118: 379
Slater JM, Watt EJ, Freeman NJ, May IP, Weir DJ (1992) Analyst 117: 1265
Slater JM, Watt EJ (1991) Analyst 116: 1125
Bruschi P, Cacialli F, Nannini A (1992) Sens Actuators A - Phys 32: 313
Gardner JW, Bartlett PN, Pratt KFE (1995) IEE Proc - Circuits Devices Syst 142: 321
Göpel W (1995) Sens Actuators B - Chem 24: 17
Jory MJ, Vukusic PS, Sambles JR (1994) Sens Actuators B - Chem 17: 203
Paneva R, Temmel G, Ryssel H (1995) Sens Actuators A - Phys 51: 67
Ishiji T, Kudo K, Kaneko M (1994) Sens Actuators B - Chem 22: 205
Utsunomiya K, Nakagawa M, Sanari N, Kohata M, Tomiyama T, Yamamoto I, Wada T, Yamashita N, Yamashita Y (1995) Sens Actuators B - Chem 25: 790
de Frutos J, Rodriguez JM, Lopez F, de Castro AJ, Meléndez J, Meneses J (1994) Sens Actuators B -Chem, 19: 682
Dakin JP, Edwards HO, Weigl BH (1995) Sens Actuators B - Chem 29: 87
Hale J, Stehle G, Bals I (1992) Sens Actuators B - Chem 7: 665
Van Dyke LS, Martin CR (1990) Langmuir 6: 1118
Cornila C, Hierlemann A, Lenggenhager R, Malcovati P, Baltes H, Noetzel G, Weimar U, Göpel W (1995) Sens Actuators B - Chem 25: 357
Aroutiounian VM, Nerkararian KhV (1995) Sens Actuators B - Chem 25: 353
Martin E, Ingremeau O, Corazza M, Billon M (1995) Sens Actuators B - Chem 27: 293
Kleperis J, Bajars G, Vaivars G, Kranevskis A, Lusis A (1992) Sens Actuators A - Phys 32: 476
Alberti K, Fetting F (1994) Sens Actuators B - Chem 21: 39
Endres H-E, Mickle LD, Kösslinger C, Drost S, Hutter F (1992) Sens Actuators B - Chem 6: 285
Kunugi Y, Nigorikawa K, Harima Y, Yamashita K (1994) J Chem Soc Chem Comms 1994: 873
Gardner JW, Bartlett PN (1995) Sens Actuators A - Phys 5: 57
Kanatzidis MG (1990) CEN 3: 36
Chiang CK, Park YW, Heeger AJ, Shirakawa H, Louis EJ, MacDiarmid AG (1978) J Chem Phys 69: 5098
Yang H, Lu T, Xue K, Sun S, Lu G, Chen S (1997) J Electrochem Soc 144: 2302
Zhou M, Persin M, Kujawski W, Sarrazin J (1995) J Membrane Sci 108: 89
Josowicz M, Janata J, Ashley K, Pons S (1987) Anal Chem 59: 253
Liang WB, Martin CR (1991) Chem Mater 3: 390
Martin CR (1995) Acc Chem Res 28: 61
Tan KL, Tan BTG, Kang ET, Neoh KG, Ong YK (1990) Phys Rev B - Condensed Matter 42: 7563
Mohammadi A, Lundström I, Salaneck WR, Inganäs O (1986) Chemtronics 1 Dec:171
Ge H, Wallace GG (1991) J Chromatogr 588: 25
Gregory RV, Kimbrell WC, Kuhn HH (1989) Syn Metals 28 C:823
Shirakawa H, Louis EJ, MacDiarmid AG, Chiang CK, Heeger AJ (1977) J Chem Soc Chem Comms 1977: 578
Diaz AF, Kanazawa KK, Gardini GP (1979) J Chem Soc Chem Comms 1979: 635
Roncali J (1992) Chem Rev 92: 711
Miasik JJ, Hooper A, Tofield BC (1986) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 1 82: 1117
Cheung KM, Bloor D, Stevens GC (1988) Polymer 29: 1709
Qian RY, Qiu JJ (1987) Polymer Journal 19: 157
Saunders BR, Fleming RJ, Murray KS (1995) Chem Mater 7: 1082
Mitchell GR, Geri A (1987) J Phys D - Appl Phys 20: 1346
Blanc JP, Derouiche N, El Hadri A, Germain JP, Maleysson C, Robert H (1990) Sens Actuators B - Chem 1: 130
Sak-Bosnar M, Budimir MV, Kovac S, Kukulj D, Duic L (1992) J Polym Sci A - Polym Chem 30: 1609
Street GB, Clarke TC, Krounbi M, Kanazawa K, Lee V, Pfluger P, Scott JC, Weiser G (1982) Mol Cryst Liq Cryst 83: 1285
Rosseinsky DR, Morse NJ, Slade RCT, Hix GB, Mortimer RJ, Walton DJ (1991) Electrochim Acta 36: 733
Hwang BJ, Shieh DT, Chieh WC, Liaw D-J, Li L-J (1997) Thin Solid Films 301: 175
Street GB, Lindsey SE, Nazzal AI, Wynne KJ (1985) Mol Cryst Liq Cryst 118: 137
Cheung KM, Bloor D, Stevens GC (1988) Polymer 29: 1709
Hwang BJ, Shieh DT, Chieh WC, Liaw D-J, Li L-J (1997) Thin Solid Films 301: 175
Su WC, Iroh JO (1997) J Appl Polym Sci 65: 417
Kuwabata S, Okamoto K, Yoneyama H (1988) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 1 84: 2317
Naarmann H (1987) Makromol Chemie - Macromol Symp 8: 1
Diaz A, Vallejo JMV, Duran AM (1981) IBM J Res Dev 25: 42
Nalwa, HS (1989) Phys Rev B - Condensed Matter 39: 5964
Cabala R, Meister V, Potje-Kamloth K (1997) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 93: 131
Vork FTA, Schuermans BCAM, Barendrecht E (1990) Electrochim Acta 35: 567
Bi XT, Yao YX, Wan MX, Wang P, Xiao K, Yang QY, Qian RY (1985) Makromol Chemie - Macromol Chem Phys 186: 1101
Zotti G, Schiavon G, Comisso N (1991) Syn Metals 40: 309
Biswas M, Roy A (1994) J Appl Polym Sci 51: 1575
Ogasawara M, Funahashi K. Iwata (1985) Mol Cryst Liq Cryst 118: 159
Clarke TC, Scott JC, Street GB (1983) IBM J Res Dev 27: 313
Pfluger P, Street GB (1984) J Chem Phys 80: 544
Vork FTA, Janssen LJJ (1988) Electrochim Acta 33: 1513
Malitesta C, Losito I, Sabbatini L, Zambonin PG (1995) J Electron Spectr and Related Phenomena 76: 629
Warren LF, Walker JA, Anderson DP, Rhodes CG, Buckley LJ (1989) J Electrochem Soc 136: 2286
Mitchell GR (1986) Polymer Comms 27: 346
Truong VT, Ennis BC, Turner TG, Jenden CM (1992) Polymer Int 27: 187
Chen XB, Issi J-P, Devaux J, Billaud D (1997) J Mat Sci 32: 1515
Atkins PW (1990) Physical chemistry, 4th edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK
Brédas JL, Street GB (1985) Acc Chem Res 18: 309
Monkman AP (1995) In: Petty MC, Bryce MR, Bloor D (eds) Introduction to molecular electronics. Edward Arnold, London
Bloor D, Movaghar B (1983) IEE Proc I 130: 225
Zotti G, Schiavon G, Comisso N (1990) Electrochim Acta 35: 1815
Brédas JL, Thémans B, Fripiat JG, André JM, Chance RR (1984) Phys Rev B - Condensed Matter 29: 6761
Kikuchi M, Kurosu H, Ando I (1992) J Mol Structure 269: 183
Yang R, Smyrl WH, Evans DF, Hendrickson WA (1992) J Phys Chem 96: 1428
Mott NF, Davis EA (1971) Electronic processes in non-chrystalline materials, Oxford University Press, Clarendon, Oxford
Mitchell GR, Cywinski R, Mondal S, Sutton SJ (1989) J Phys D - Appl Phys 22: 1231
Cai ZH, Lei JT, Liang WB, Menon V, Martin CR (1991) Chem Mater 3: 960
Bozkurt A, Akbulut U, Toppare L (1996) Syn Metals 82: 41
Omastovâ M, Pavlinec J, Pionteck J, Simon F (1997) Polymer Int 43: 109
Penner RM, Martin CR (1986) J Electrochem Soc 133: 310
Ohsawa T, Onoda M, Morita S,Yoshino K (1991) Japan J Appl Phys 2 - Letters, 30L: 1953
Nylander C, Armgarth M, Lundström I (1983) In: Seiyama T, Fueki K, Shiokawa J, Suzuki S (eds) Proceedings of the international meeting on chemical sensors, Fukuoka, 1983. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Blackwood D, Josowicz M (1991) J Phys Chem 95: 493
Topart P, Josowicz M (1992) J Phys Chem 96: 7824
Hanawa T, Kuwabata S, Yoneyama H (1988) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 1 84: 1587
Hanawa T,Yoneyama H (1989) Bull Chem Soc Jpn 62: 1710
Charlesworth JM, Partridge AC, Garrard N (1993) J Phys Chem 97: 5418
Persaud KC, Pelosi P (1985) Trans Am Soc Artif Organs 31: 297
Amrani MEH, Ibrahim MS, Persaud KC (1993) Mat Sci Eng C1: 17
Hatfield JV, Neaves PI, Hicks PJ, Persaud KC, Travers P (1994) Sens Actuators B - Chem 18: 221
Persaud KC, Pelosi P (1992) In: Gardner JW, Bartlett PN (eds) Sensors and sensory systems for an electronic nose. Kluwer, Amsterdam
Pearce TC (1997) Biosystems 41: 69
Gall M, Müller R (1989) Sens Actuators 17: 583
Horner G, Hierold Chr (1990) Sens Actuators B - Chem 2: 173
Gardner JW, Hines EL, Tang HC (1992) Sens Actuators B - Chem 9: 9
de Agapito JA, de Agapito L, Schneider M, Rosa RG, de Pedro T (1993) Sens Actuators B - Chem 15: 105
Haaland DM, Thomas EV (1988) Anal Chem 60: 1193
Byun HG, Persaud KC, Khaffaf SM, Hobbs PJ, Misselbrook TH (1997) Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 17: 233
Gardner JW (1991) Sens Actuators B - Chem 4: 109
Zaromb S, Stetter JR (1984) Sensors + Actuators 6: 225
Charlesworth JM, Riddell SZ, Mathews RJ (1993) J Appl Polym Sci 47: 653
Barton AFM (1975) Chem Rev 75: 731
Snow AW, Wohltjen H (1984) Anal Chem 56: 1411
Grate JW, Patrash SJ,Abraham MH (1995) Anal Chem 67: 2162
Grate JW, Abraham MH, McGill RA (1997) In: Kress-Rogers E (ed) Handbook of biosensors and electronic noses: medicine, food and the environment. CRC Press, Boca Raton
Grate JW, Abraham MH (1991) Sens Actuators B - Chem 3: 85
McGill RA, Abraham MH, Grate JW (1994) Chemtech 24: 27
Slater JM, Paynter J (1994) Analyst 119: 191
Abraham MH, McGowan JC (1987) Chromatographia 23: 243
Fawcett WR, Foss CA Jr (1991) Electrochim Acta 36: 1767
Zellers ET, White RW, Wenzel SW (1988) Sensors + Actuators 14: 35
Profi A, Zucharski X, Budrowski C, Krichene S, Suwalski J, Dehe G, Lefrant S (1985) J Chem Phys 83: 5923
Kang ET, Tan TC, Neoh KG, Ong YK (1986) Polym 27: 1958
Bocchi V, Gardini GP (1986) J Chem Soc Chem Comms 1986: 148
Myers RE (1986) J Electron Mater 15: 61
Mohammadi A, Hasan MA, Liedberg B, Lundström I, Salaneck WR (1986) Syn Metals 14: 189
Lide CR, CRC handbook of chemistry and physics. (1997) 78th edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bailey, R.A., Persaud, K.C. (2000). Sensing Volatile Chemicals Using Conducting Polymer Arrays. In: Osada, Y., De Rossi, D.E. (eds) Polymer Sensors and Actuators. Macromolecular Systems — Materials Approach. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04068-3_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04068-3_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-08482-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-04068-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive