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Analytical Methods in Wood Chemistry, Pulping, and Papermaking pp 149–192Cite as

Direct Characterization of Chemical Properties of Fibers

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Part of the book series: Springer Series in Wood Science ((SSWOO))

Abstract

This chapter describes analytical methods that are applicable for the characterization of the chemical composition of fibers as such, without a previous separation of the components or component groups from each other. Although the details of the structure and composition generally can be obtained only to a limited extent, these direct methods possess definite advantages. For example, a minimum of preparation is required. Often samples can be analyzed more or less directly and, in some cases, the lateral and vertical distribution of different chemical structures in the fibers can be determined. The methods can be roughly divided into the following groups:

  1. 1.

    “Dry” methods for the characterization of structural features of fiber constituents. These methods include different spectroscopies: nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR), Raman and ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) as well as pyrolysis gas chromatography (Py-GC).

  2. 2.

    “Dry” methods for the surface analysis of fibers. By far the most important of these methods are electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), also known as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS).

  3. 3.

    “Wet” methods for the determination of the amounts of different components and functional groups in the fibers as a whole or on the fiber surfaces by using both chemical and enzymatic treatments.

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Authors
  1. P. Stenius
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  2. T. Vuorinen
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Forest Products Technology, Helsinki University of Technology, FIN-02015, Hut, Finland

    Eero Sjöström

  2. Department of Chemistry Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, FIN-40500, Jyväskylä, Finland

    Raimo Alén

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© 1999 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Stenius, P., Vuorinen, T. (1999). Direct Characterization of Chemical Properties of Fibers. In: Sjöström, E., Alén, R. (eds) Analytical Methods in Wood Chemistry, Pulping, and Papermaking. Springer Series in Wood Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03898-7_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03898-7_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-08317-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-03898-7

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