Abstract
Stochastic processes are powerful tools for the investigation of the reliability and availability of repairable equipment and systems. They can be considered as families of time-dependent random variables or as random functions in time, and thus have a theoretical foundation based on probability theory (Appendix A6). The use of stochastic processes allows the analysis of the influence of the failure-free operating and repair time distributions of elements, as well as of the system’s structure, repair strategy, and logistical support, on the reliability and availability of a given system. Considering the applications given in Chapter 6, and for reasons of mathematical tractability, this appendix mainly deals with regenerative stochastic processes with a finite state space, to which belong renewal processes, Markov processes, semi-Markov processes, and semi-regenerative processes. The theoretical presentation will be supported by examples taken from practical applications. This appendix is a compendium of the theory of stochastic processes, consistent from a mathematical point of view but still with engineering applications in mind.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
A7 Stochastic Processes
Asmussen S., Applied Probability and Queues, 1986, Wiley, Chicherster.
Birolini A., “Some appl. of regen. stoch. proc. to rel. theory — Part one and two”, IEEE Trans. Rel, 23 (1974) 3, pp. 186–194 and 24(1975)5, pp. 336–340; Semi-Markoff und verwandte Prozesse: Erzeugung und Anwendungen auf Probleme der Zuverlässigkeits- und Übertragungsth, 1974, Ph.D. Thesis 5375, ETH Zurich, also in AGEN-Mitt., 18(1975), pp. 3–52; “Hardware simulation of semi-Markov and related proc, Math. & Comp. in Simul., 19(1977), pp. 75–97 and 183–191; On the Use of Stoch. Proc. in Modeling Rel. Problems, 1985, Springer, Berlin (Lect. Notes Ec. & Math. Systems Nr. 252); Quality and Reliability of Technical Systems, 2nd Ed. 1997, Springer, Berlin; Zuverlässigkeit von Geräten und Systemen, 4th Ed. 1997, Springer, Berlin.
Cinlar E., Introduction to Stochastic Processes, 1975, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs NJ.
Cox D.R., “The analysis of non-markovian stoch. proc. by the inclusion of sup. variables”, Proc. Cambridge Phil Soc, 51(1955), pp. 433–441; Renewal Theory, 1962, Methuen, London.
Cox D.R., Lewis P.A., The Stat. Analysis of Series of Events, 2nd Ed. 1968, Methuen, London.
Cramér H., “Model building with the aid of stoch. proc.”, Technometrics, 6 (1964), pp. 133–159.
Cramér H., Leadbetter M.R., Stationary and Related Stochastic Processes, 1967, Wiley, New York.
Doob I.L., Stochastic Processes, 7th Ed. 1967, Wiley, New York.
Feller W., “On the integral equation of renewal theory”, Ann. Math. Statistics, 12(1941), pp.243–67; “On semi-Markov-processes”, Proc. Nat. Acad. Scient. (USA), 51(1964), pp. 653–659; An Introduction to Prob. Theory and its Applic, Vol 13th Ed. 1968, Vol II 2nd Ed. 1966, Wiley, N.Y.
Franken P., Streller A., “Reliability analysis of complex repairable systems by means of marked point processes”, J. Appl. Prob., 17(1980), pp. 154–167; — and Kirsten B.M., “Reliability analysis of complex systems with repair”, EIK, 20(1984), pp. 407–422.
Franken P. et al, Queues and Point Processes, 1981, Akademie, Berlin.
Gnedenko B.W., König D. (Ed.), Handbuch der Bedienungstheorie, Vol.1 & II1983, Akad., Berlin.
Gnedenko B.W., Kovalenko I.N., Introduction to Quening Theory, 1989, Birkhäuser, Basel.
Grigelionis B.I., “Limit theorems for sums of repair processes”, Cybernetics in the Serv. of Comm., 2(1964), pp. 316–341.
Hunter J.J., Mathematical Techniques of Applied Probability, Vol. 2, Discrete Time Models, 1983, Academic Press, New York.
Karlin S., McGregor J.L., “The differential equations of birth and death processes, and the Stieltjes moment problem”, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc, 86(1957), pp. 489–546;
Karlin S., McGregor J.L., “The classification of birth and death processes”, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc, 85(1957), pp. 366–400;
Karlin S., McGregor J.L.,“Coincidence properties of birth and death processes”, Pacific J. Math., 9(1959), pp. 1109–1140.
Khintchine A.Y., Mathematical Methods in the Theory of Queuing, 1960, Griffin, London.
Lévy P., “Processus semi-markoviens”, Proc. Int. Congr. Math. Amsterdam, 3(1954), pp. 416–26.
Neuts M.F., Matrix-geometric Solutions in Stochastic Models: an Algorithmic Approach, 1981, Hopkins Univ. Press, Baltimore MA.
Osaki S. and Hatoyama Y. (Eds.), Stochastic Models in Reliability Theory, 1984, Springer, Berlin (Lect. Notes in Ec. and Math. Syst. Nr. 235).
Parzen E., Stochastic Processes, 3rd Printing 1967, Holden-Day, San Francisco.
Pavlov I.V., “The asymptotic distribution of the time until a semi-Markov process gets out of a kernel”, Eng. Cybernetics, (1978)5, pp. 68–72.
Pyke R., “Markov renewal processes: definitions and preliminary properties”, Annals Math. Statistics, 32(1961), pp. 1231–1242;
Pyke R., “Markov renewal proc. with finitely many states”, Annals Math. Stat., 32(1961), pp.1243–1259
Pyke R.,#x2014; and Schaufele R., “Limit theorems for Markov renewal proc”, Annals Math. Stat., 35(1964), pp. 1746–1764; “The existence and uniqueness of stationary measures for Markov renewal proc.”, Annals Math. Stat., 37(1966), pp. 1439–1462.
Smith W.L., “Asymptotic renewal theorems”, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinbourgh, 64(1954), pp. 9–48; “Regenerative stochastic processes, Proc. Int. Congress Math. Amsterdam, 3(1954), pp. 304–305; “Regenerative stochastic processes”, Proc. Roy. Soc. London, Ser. A, 232(1955), pp. 6–31; “Remarks on the paper: Regenerative stochastic processes”, Proc. Roy. Soc. London, Ser. A, 256(1960), pp. 496–501; “Renewal theory and its ramifications”, J. Roy. Stat. Soc, Ser.B, 20(1958), pp. 243–302.
Snyder D.L., Miller M.I., Random Point Processes in Time and Space, 2nd Ed. 1991, Springer, Berlin.
Solovyev A.D., “The problem of optimal servicing”, Eng. Cybernetics, 5(1970), pp. 859–868; “Asymptotic distribution of the moment of first crossing of a high level by a birth and death process”, Proc sixth Berkeley Symp. Math. Stat. Prob., 3(1970), pp. 71–86; “Asymptotic behavior of the time of first occurr. of a rare event in a reg. proc”, Eng. Cybernetics, 6(1971)9, pp. 1038–048.
Srinivasan S.K., Mehata K.M., Stochastic processes, 2nd Ed. 1988, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi.
Störnier H., Semi-Markoff-Prozesse mit endlich vielen Zuständen, 1970, Springer, Berlin (Lect. Notes in Op. Res. and Math. Syst. Nr. 34).
Takács L., “On certain sojurn time problems in the theory of stoch. proc”, Acta Math. (Hungar), 8(1957), pp. 169–191; Stochastic processes, problems and solutions, 4th Ed. 1968, Methuen, London.
Thompson W.A., Jr., Point Processes Models with Applications to Safety and Reliability, 1988, Chapman & Hall, New York.
Ascher H., Feingold H., Repairable Systems Reliability, 1984, Dekker, New York.
Barlow R.E., Proschan F., Mathematical Theory of Reliability, 1965, Wiley, New York; Statistical Theory of Reliability and Life Testing, 1975, Holt Rinehart & Winston, New York.
Beichelt F., Franken P., Zuverlässigkeit und Instandhaltung — Math. Methoden, 1983, Technik, Berlin;
Beichelt F., Zuverlässigkeits- und Instandhaltbarkeitstheorie, 1993, Teubner, Stuttgart.
Birolini A., “Comments on renewal theoretic aspects of two-unit redundant systems”, IEEE Trans. Rel., 21(1972)2, pp 122–123; “Generalization of the expressions for the rel. and availability of rep. items”, Proc. 2. Int. Conf. on Struct. Mech. in Reactor Techn., Berlin: 1973, Vol. VI, pp. 1–16; “Some appl. of regen. stoch. processes to reliability theory — part two: rel. and availability of 2-item redundant systems”, IEEE Trans. Rel., 24(1975)5, pp. 336–340; On the Use of Stochastic Proc. in Modeling Rel. Problems, 1985, Springer, Berlin (Lecture Notes in Ec. and Math. Systems Nr. 252); Quality and Reliability of Technical Systems, 2nd Ed. 1997, Springer, Berlin; Zuverlässigkeit von Geräten und Systemen, 4th Ed. 1997, Springer, Berlin.
Bobbio A., Roberti L., “Distribution of the minimal completition time of parallel tasks in multi-reward semi-Markov models”, Performance Eval., 14(1992), pp. 239–256.
Brenner A., Performability and Dependability of Fault-Tolerant Systems, 1996, Ph. D. Thesis 11623, ETH Zurich.
Choi, C.Y. et al, “Safety issues in the comparative analysis of dependable architectures”, IEEE Trans. Rel., 46(1997)3, pp. 316–322.
Dhillon B.S., Rayapati S.N., “Common-cause failures in repairable systems”, Proc. Ann. Rel. & Maint. Symp., 1988, pp. 283–289.
Dyer D., “Unification of rel./availab. mod. for Markov syst.”, IEEE Trans. Rel, 38(1989)2, pp.246–52.
Gaede K.W., Zuverlässigkeit Mathematische Modelle, 1977, Hanser, Munich.
Gnedenko B.V., Beljajev J.K., Soloviev A.D., Mathematical Methods of Reliability Theory, 1969, Academic, New York (1968, Akademie, Berlin).
Kovalenko I., Birolini A., “Uniform exponential boundes for the availability of a repairable system”, in Exploring Stochastic laws, Homage to V.S. Korolyuk, 1995, VSP, Utrecht, pp.233–242.
Kullstam A., “Availability, MTBF and MTTR for repairable M-out-of-N Systems”, IEEE Trans. Rel., 30(1981)4, pp. 393–394.
Kumar A., Agarwal M., “A review of standby red. syst”, IEEE Trans. Rel, 29(1980)4, pp. 290–294.
Osaki S., Nakagawa T., “Bibliography for reliability and availability of stochastic systems”, IEEE Trans. Rel. 25(1976)4, pp. 284–287.
Rai S., Agrawal D.P. (Ed.), Advances in Distributed Systems Reliability and Distributed Computing Network Reliability, 1990, IEEE Press, Piscataway NJ.
Ravichandran N., Stochastic Methods in Reliability Theory, 1990, Wiley Eastern, New Dehli.
Schneeweiss W.G., “Mean time to first failure of repairable systems with one cold spare”, IEEE Trans. Rel., 44(1995)4, pp. 567–574.
Ushakov I.A., Harrison R., Handbook of Reliability Engineering, 1994, Wiley, New York.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Birolini, A. (1999). Basic Stochastic Process Theory. In: Reliability Engineering. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03792-8_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03792-8_15
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-03794-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-03792-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive