Abstract
Since the invention of the Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) [4.1] the question arose whether this technique, besides its ability to probe the Local Electronic Density of States (LDOS) [4.2], can also be made sensitive to the electron spin, thus offering the opportunity to study magnetic structures down to the atomic scale. Spin-polarized tunneling was already discovered in the seventies when planar tunnel junctions, either ferromagnetoxide-superconductor [4.3] or ferromagnet-semiconductor-ferromagnet junctions [4.4], were studied. However, it took until 1990 for the first successful demonstration of vacuum tunneling of spin-polarized electrons with the STM [4.5].
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Wiesendanger, R. (1998). Spin-Polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. In: Wiesendanger, R. (eds) Scanning Probe Microscopy. NanoScience and Technology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03606-8_4
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