Abstract
Einstein realised that, in General Relativity, he had discovered a theory which enabled fully self-consistent models for the Universe as a whole to be constructed. The standard models contain three essential ingredients: • The cosmological principle, which, combined with the observations that the Universe is isotropic, homogeneous and uniformly expanding on a large scale, leads to the Robertson—Walker metric (5.36); • Weyl’s postulate, according to which the world lines of particles meet at a singular point in the finite or infinite past. This means that there is a unique world line passing through every point in space-time. The fluid moves along streamlines in the universal expansion and so behaves like a perfect fluid for which the energy—momentum tensor is given by the T a ß of (6.30); • General Relativity, which enables us to relate the energy—momentum tensor to the geometrical properties of space-time through (6.43) or (6.44).
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Longair, M.S. (1998). The Friedman World Models. In: Galaxy Formation. Astronomy and Astrophysics Library. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03571-9_7
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