Abstract
The starting point for the study of the ionization structure of planetary nebulae, and gaseous nebulae in general, is the ionization formula. The atoms can be ionized in two ways: under direct radiation of the central star, and by collisions with free electrons. In the first case one has photoionization, in the second, collisional ionization. First, let us consider photoionization.
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© 1997 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
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Gurzadyan, G.A. (1997). Ionization Equilibrium of Planetary Nebulae. In: The Physics and Dynamics of Planetary Nebulae. Astronomy and Astrophysics Library. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03448-4_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03448-4_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-08245-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-03448-4
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