Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ahlgren G (1977) Growth of Oscillatoria agardhii in chemostat culture. 1. Nitrogen and phosphorus requirements. Oikos 29: 209–224
Ahlgren G (1978) Growth of Oscillatoria agardhii in chemostat culture. 2. Dependence of growth constants on temperature. Mitt Int Ver Limnol 21: 88–102
Ahlgren G (1985) Growth of Microcystis wesenbergii in batch and chemostat cultures. Verh Int Ver Limnol 22: 2813–2820
Ahlgren G (1987) Temperature functions in biology and their application to algal growth constants. Oikos 49: 177–190
Aksnes D L Egge J K (1991) A theoretical model for nutrient uptake in phytoplankton. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 70: 65–72
Allan J D (1976) Life history patterns in zooplankton. Am Nat 110:165–180
Allan J D Goulden C E (1980) Some aspects of reproductive variation among freshwater zooplankton. Am Soc Limnol Oceanogr Spec Symp 3: 388–411
Andersen O K Goldman J C Caron D A Dennett M R (1986) Nutrient cycling in a microflagellate food chain: III. Phosphorus dynamics. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 31: 47–55
Andersen T Hessen D O (1991) Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus content of freshwater zooplankton. Limnol Oceanogr 36: 807–814
Armstrong R A McGehee R (1980) Competitive exclusion. Am Nat 115:151–170
Arneodo A Coullet P Peyraud J Tresser C (1982) Strange attractors in Volterra equations for species in competition. J Math Biol 14: 153–157
Arnold D E (1971) Ingestion, assimilation, survival and reproduction by Daphnia pulex fed seven species of blue-green algae. Limnol Oceanogr 16: 906–921
Azam F Fenchel T Field J G Gray J S Meyer-Reil L A Thingstad T F (1983) The ecological role of water-column microbes in the sea. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 10: 257–263
Bader F G (1982) Kinetics of double-substrate limited growth. In: Bazin M (ed) Microbial population dynamics. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 1–32
Baines S B Pace M L (1991) The production of dissolved organic matter by phytoplankton and its importance to bacteria: patterns across marine and freshwater systems. Limnol Oceanogr 36: 1078–1090
Banse K (1982) Cell volumes, maximal growth rates of unicellular algae and ciliates, and the role of ciliates in the marine pelagial. Limnol Oceanogr 27: 1059–1071
Banse K (1990) New views on the degradation and disposition of organic particles as collected by sediment traps in the open sea. Deep-Sea Res 37: 1177–1195
Banta A M (1939) Studies of the physiology, genetics and evolution of some Cladocera. Carnegie Inst Wash Pub 1513: 1–285
Beklemishev C W (1962) Superfluous feeding of marine herbivorous zooplankton. Rapp P V Reun Cons Perm Int Explor Mer 153: 108–113
Benndorf J (1987) Food web manipulation without nutrient control: A useful strategy in lake restoration? Schweiz Z Hydrol 49: 237–248
Benndorf J Kneschke H Kossatz K Penz E(1984) Manipulation of the pelagic food web by stocking with predacious fishes. Int Rev Gesamten Hydrobiol 69: 407–428
Berryman A A Millstein J A (1989) Are ecological systems chaotic — and if not, why not? TREE 4: 26–28
Bird D F Kalff J (1986) Bacterial grazing by planktonic lake algae. Science 231: 493–495
Bjørnsen P K (1986) Bacterioplankton growth yield in continuous plankton cultures. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 30: 191–196
Blueweiss L Fox H Kudzma V Nakashima D Peters R H Sams S (1978) Relationships between body size and some life history parameters. Oecologia 37: 257–272
Bohrer R N Lampert W (1988) Simultaneous measurement of the effect of food concentration on assimilation and respiration in Daphnia magna Straus. Funct Ecol 2: 463–471
Borgmann U Millard E S Charlton C C (1988) Dynamics of a stable, large volume, laboratory ecosystem containing Daphnia and phytoplankton. J Plankton Res 10: 691–713
Boström B Jansson M Forsberg C (1982) Phosphorus release from lake sediments. Arch Hydrobiol Beih 18: 5–59
Bottrell H H (1975) Generation time, length of life, instar duration and frequency of molting, and their relationship to temperature in eight species of Cladocera from the River Thames, Reading. Oecologia 19: 129–140
Brabrand Å Faafeng B Nilssen J P (1990) Relative importance of phosphorus supply to phytoplankton production: fish excretion versus external loading. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 47: 364–372
Bratbak G Thingstad T F (1985) Phytoplankton-bacteria interactions: an apparent paradox? Analysis of a model system with both competition and commensalism. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 25: 23–30
Brekke O (1987) Phosphorus limited growth and phosphate uptake of freshwater algae: Chemostat studies of Rhodomonas lacustris (Cryptophyceae) and competition studies in a eutrophic lake [in norwegian]. Thesis. University of Trondheim, Trondheim
Brooks J L Dodson S I (1965) Predation, body size and composition of plankton. Science 150: 28–35
Brown E J Button D K (1979) Phosphate limited growth kinetics of Selenastrum capricornutum (Chlorophyceae). J Phycol 15: 305–311
Brown E J Harris R F Koonce J F (1978) Kinetics of phosphate uptake by aquatic microorganisms: deviations from a simple Michaelis-Menten equation. Limnol Oceanogr 23: 26–34
Buikema A L (1972) Oxygen consumption of the cladoceran Daphnia pulex, as a function of body size, light, and light acclimation. Comp Biochem Physiol 42: 877–888
Burmaster D E (1979) The continuous culture of phytoplankton: mathematical equivalence among three unsteady state models. Am Nat 113: 123–134
Burns C W Rigler F H (1967) Comparison of filtering rates of Daphnia rosea in lake water and in suspensions of yeast. Limnol Oceanogr 12: 492–502.
Button D K (1978) On the theory of control of microbial growth kinetics by limiting nutrient concentrations. Deep-Sea Res 25: 1163–1177
Canale R P (1970) An analysis of models describing predator-prey interaction. Biotechnol Bioeng 12: 353–378
Caperon J Meyer J (1972) Nitrogen-limited growth of marine phytoplankton. I. Changes in population characteristics with steady-state growth rate. Deep-Sea Res 19: 601–618
Carpenter S R Kitchell J F (1984) Plankton community structure and limnetic primary production. Am Nat 124: 159–172
Cembella A D Antia N J Harrison P J (1984a) The utilization of inorganic and organic phosphorus compounds as nutrients by eucaryotic microalgae: a multidisciplinary perspective: Part 1. CRC Crit Rev Microbiol 10: 317–391
Cembella A D Antia N J Harrison P J (1984b) The utilization of inorganic and organic phosphorus compounds as nutrients by eucaryotic microalgae: a multidisciplinary perspective: Part 2. CRC Crit Rev Microbiol 11: 13–81
Checkley D M Jr. (1980) The egg production of a marine planktonic copepod in relation to its food supply: laboratory studies. Limnol Oceanogr 25: 430–446
Chen M (1974) Kinetics of phosphorus absorption by Corynebacterium bovis. Microb Ecol 1: 164–175
Chisholm S W Stross R G (1975) Light/ dark phased cell division in Euglena gracilis in PO4-limited continuous culture. J Phycol 11: 367–373
Cole J J Likens G E Strayer D L (1982) Photosynthetically produced dissolved organic carbon: an important carbon source for planktonic bacteria. Limnol Oceanogr 27: 1080–1090
Condrey R E Fuller D A (1985) Testing equations of ingestion-limited growth. Arch Hydrobiol Beih (Ergebn Limnol) 21: 257–268
Conover R J (1966) Factors affecting the assimilation of organic matter by zooplankton and the question of superfluous feeding. Limnol Oceanogr 11: 346–354
Conover R J (1968) Zooplankton — Life in a nutritionally dilute environment. Am Zool 8: 107–118
Cook J R (1963) Adaptation of growth and division in Euglena effected by energy supply. J Protozool 10: 436–444
Corner E D S Davies A G (1971) Plankton as a factor in the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles in the sea. Adv Mar Biol 9: 101–204.
Currie D J Kalff J (1984) A comparison of the abilities of freshwater algae and bacteria to acquire and retain phosphorus. Limnol Oceanogr 29: 298–310
Daniels R E Allan J D (1981) Life table evaluation of chronic exposure to a pesticide. Can J. Fish Aquat Sci 38: 485–494
Dauta A (1982) Conditions de développement du phytoplancton: étude comparative du comportement de huit espèces en culture. I. Détermination des paramètres de croissance en fonction de la lumière et de la température. Ann Limnol 18: 217–262
DeAngelis D L (1990) Dynamics of nutrient cycling and food webs. Chapman & Hall, London, 270 pp
de Bernardi R Peters R H (1987) Why Daphnia? Mem Ist Ital Idrobiol 45: 1–9
DeMott W R (1982) Feeding selectivities and relative ingestion rates of Daphnia and Bosmina. Limnol Oceanogr 27: 518–527
DeMott W R (1985) Relations between filter mesh-size, feeding mode, and particle capture efficiency for cladocerans feeding on ultrafine particles. Arch Hydrobiol Beih (Ergebn Limnol) 21: 125–134
DeMott W R (1989) The role of competition in zooplankton succession. In: Sommer U (ed) Plankton Ecology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, pp 195–252
Den Oude P J Gulati R D (1988) Phosphorus and nitrogen excretion rates of zooplankton from the eutrophic Loosdrecht lakes, with notes on other P sources for phytoplankton requirements. Hydrobiologia 169: 379–390
De Stasio B T Jr (1989) The seed bank of a freshwater crustacean: copepodology for the plant ecologist. Ecology 70: 1377–1389
Dijkstra E W (1976) A discipline of programming. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N. J., 217 PP
Droop M R (1968) Vitamin B12 and marine ecology. IV. The kinetics of uptake, growth and inhibition in Monochrysis lutheri. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 48: 689–733
Droop M R (1974) The nutrient status of algal cells in continuous culture. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 55: 825–855
Droop M R (1983) 25 years of algal growth kinetics. A personal view. Bot Mar 26: 99–112
Dugdale R C (1967) Nutrient limitation in the sea: dynamics, identification and significance. Limnol Oceanogr 12: 685–695
Dunstan W W Tenore W T (1974) Control of species composition in enriched mass cultures of natural phytoplankton populations. J Appl Ecol 11: 529–536
Durbin E G Durbin A G Smayda T J Verity P J (1983) Food limitation of production by adult Acartia tonsa in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island. Limnol Oceanogr 28: 1199–1213
Edmondson W T Lehman J T (1981) The effects of changes in the nutrient income on the condition of Lake Washington. Limnol Oceanogr 26: 1–29
Elendt B-P (1989) Effects of starvation on growth, reproduction, survival and biochemical composition of Daphnia magna. Arch Hydrobiol 116: 415–433
Elrifi I R Turpin D H (1985) Steady-state luxury consumption and the concept of optimum nutrient ratios: a study with phosphate and nitrate limited Selenastrum minutum (Chlorophyta). J Phycol 21: 592–602
Elser J J Elser M M MacKay N A Carpenter S R (1988) Zooplankton-mediated transitions between N- and P-limited algal growth. Limnol Oceanogr 33: 1–14
Elstad C A (1986) Population dynamics and nutrient fluxes in an aquatic microcosm. Hydrobiologia 137: 223–237
Eppley R W Sloan P R (1966) Growth rates of marine phytoplankton: correlation with light absorption by cell chlorophyll a. Physiol Plant 19: 47–59
Faafeng B Brettum P Hessen D O (1990) National survey of trophy status of 355 Norwegian lakes [in Norwegian]. Norwegian Institute for Water Research. (Overvåkingsrapport nr 389/90)
Falkowski P G Dubinsky Z Wyman K (1985) Growth-irradiance relationships in phytoplankton. Limnol Oceanogr 30: 311–321
Fogg G E (1966) The extracellular products of algae. Oceanogr Mar Biol Annu Rev 4: 195–212
Frank P W (1952) A laboratory study of intraspecies and interspecies competition in Daphnia pulicaria (Forbes) and Simocephalus vetulus C. F. Müller. Physiol Zool 25: 178–204
Frank P W Boll C D Kelly R W (1957) Vital statistics of laboratory cultures of Daphnia pulex De Geer as related to density. Physiol Zool 30: 287–305
Frauenthal J C (1986) Analysis of age-structure models. In: Hallam T G Levin S A (eds) Mathematical ecology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, pp 117–147
Freedman H I Wolkowicz G S K (1986) Predator-prey systems with group defence: the paradox of enrichment revisited. Bull Math Biol 48: 493–508
Fuchs G W Demmerle S D Canelli E Chen M (1972) Characterization of phosphorus-limited plankton algae. Am Soc Limnol Oceanogr Spec Symp 1: 113–133
Furnas M J (1990) In situ growth rates of marine phytoplankton: approaches to measurement, community and species growth rates. J Plankton Res 12: 1117–1151
Ganf G G Shiel R J (1985) Particle capture by Daphnia carinata. Aust J Mar Freshwater Res 36: 371–381
Gard T C Hallam T G (1979) Persistence in food webs: I. Lotka-Volterra food chains. Bull Math Biol 41: 877–891
Geider R J (1987) Light and temperature dependence of the carbon to chlorophyll a ratio in microalgae and cyanobacteria: implications for physiology and growth of phytoplankton. New Phytol 106: 1–34
Geider R J Osborne B A Raven J A (1985) Light effects on growth and photosynthesis of Phaeodactylum tricornutum. J Phycol 21: 609–619
Geller W (1975) Die Nahrungsaufnahme von Daphnia pulex in Abhängigkeit von der Futterkonzentration, der Temperatur, der Körpergrösse und dem Hungerzustand der Tiere. Arch Hydrobiol Beih 48: 47–107
Gerritsen J Strickler J R (1977) Encounter probabilities and community structure in zooplankton: a mathematical model. J Fish Res Board Can 34: 73–82
Giloin M E (1972) Enriched predator-prey systems: theoretical stability. Science 177: 902–904
Gilpin M E (1979) Spiral chaos in a predator-prey model. Am Nat 113: 306–308
Glazier D S (1991) Separating the respiration rates of embryos and brooding females of Daphnia magna: implications for the cost of brooding and the allometry of metabolic rate. Limnol Oceanogr 36: 354–362
Gliwicz Z M (1986) Predation and the evolution of vertical migration in zooplankton. Nature 320: 746–748
Gliwicz Z M (1990) Why do cladocerans fail to control algal blooms? Hydrobiologia 200/201: 83–97
Gliwicz Z M Lampert W (1990) Food thresholds in Daphnia species in the absence and presence of blue-green filaments. Ecology 71: 691–702
Gliwicz Z M Pijanowska J (1989) The role of predation in zooplankton succession. In: Sommer U (ed) Plankton Ecology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, pp 253–296
Goldman J C McCarthy J J (1978) Steady state growth and ammonium uptake of a fastgrowing marine diatom. Limnol Oceanogr 23: 695–703
Goldman J C McCarthy J J Peavey D G (1979) Growth rate influence on the chemical composition of phytoplankton in oceanic waters. Nature 279: 210–215
Gons H J (1977) On the light-limited growth of Scenedesmus protuberans Fritsch. PhD Thesis. University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam
Gons H J Barug D Goossens H Loogman J G (1978) Growth of Scenedesmus protuberans Fritsch in phosphorus-limited continuous cultures. Verh Int Ver Limnol 20: 2308–2313
Goss L B Bunting D L (1980) Temperature effects on zooplankton respiration. Comp Biochem Physiol 66A: 651–658
Gotham I J Rhee G-Y (1981) Comparative kinetics study of phosphate-limited growth and phosphate uptake in phytoplankton in continuous culture. J Phycol 17: 257–265
Goulden C E Hornig L Wilson C (1978) Why do large zooplankton species dominate? Verh Int Ver Limnol 20: 2457–2460
Goulden C E Henry L L Tessier A J (1982) Body size, energy reserves, and competitive ability in three species of Cladocera. Ecology 63: 1780–1789
Goulden C E Henry L Strickler J R (1984) Lipid energy reserves and their role in cladocera.In: Meyers D W Strickler J R (eds) Trophic interactions within aquatic ecosystems. Westview Press, Boulder, pp 167–185
Grassberger P (1990) An optimized box-assisted algorithm for fractal dimensions. Phys Lett A 148: 63–68
Green J (1956) Growth, size, and reproduction in Daphnia (Crustacea: Cladocera). Proc Zool Soc Lond 126: 173–204
Grillo J F Gibson J (1979) Regulation of phosphate accumulation in the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechococcus. J Bacteriol 140: 508–517
Grover J P (1989a) Phosphorus-dependent growth kinetics of 11 species of fresh-water algae. Limnol Oceanogr 34: 349–356
Grover J P (1989b) Influence of cell shape and size on algal competitive ability. J Phycol 25: 402–405
Guckenheimer J Holmes P (1983) Nonlinear oscillations, dynamical systems, and bifurcations of vector fields. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York
Giide H (1985) Influence of phagotrophic processes on the regeneration of nutrients in twostage continuous culture systems. Microb Eco 111: 193–204
Gulati R D Lammers E H R R Meijer M-L van Donk E (eds) (1990) Biomanipulation — tool for water management. Kluwer, Dordrecht, 628 pp.
Gurney W S C McCauley E Nisbet R M Murdoch W W (1990) The physiological ecology of Daphnia: a dynamic model of growth and reproduction. Ecology 71: 716–732
Hahn G J Meeker W Q (1982) Pitfalls and practical considerations in product life analysis Part I: Basic concepts and dangers of extrapolation. J Qual Technol 14: 144–152
Hairer E Nørsett S P Wanner G (1987) Solving ordinary differential equations. I. Nonstiff problems. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 480 pp
Hairston N C Smith F E Slobodkin L B (1960) Community structure, population control, and competition. Am Nat 94: 421–425
Hall D J (1964) An experimental approach to the dynamics of a natural population of Daphnia galeata mendotae. Ecology 45: 94–112
Hall D J Cooper W E Werner E E (1970) An experimental approach to the production dynamics and structure of freshwater animal communities. Limnol Oceanogr 15: 839–928
Hall D J Threlkeld S T Burns C W Crowley P H (1976) The size-efficiency hypothesis and the size structure of zooplankton communities. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 7: 177–208
Hanson J M Peters R H (1984) Empirical prediction of zooplankton and profundal macrobenthos biomass in lakes. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 41:439–455
Hardin G (1960) The competitive exclusion principle. Science 131: 1292–1298
Harris G P (1986) Phytoplankton ecology. Structure, function and fluctuation. Chapman & Hall, London, 384 pp
Harrison P J Davies C O (1979) The use of outdoor phytoplankton continuous cultures to analyze factors influencing species succession. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 41: 9–23
Healey F P (1985) Interacting effects of light and nutrient limitation on the growth rate of Synechococcus linearis (Cyanophyceae). J Phycol 21: 134–146
Healey F P Hendzel L L (1975) Effects of phosphorus defiency of two algae growing in chemostats. J Phycol 11: 303–309
Healey F P Hendzel L L (1979) Indicators of phosphorus and nitrogen deficiency in five algae in culture. J Fish Res Board Can 36: 1364–1369
Healey F P Hendzel L L (1988) Competition for phosphorus between desmids. J Phycol 24: 287–292
Heaney S I Butterwick C (1985) Comparative mechanisms of algal movement in relation to phytoplankton production. In: Rankin M A (ed) Migration: Mechanisms and adaptive significance. University of Texas Press, Austin, pp 114–134
Heaney S I Sommer U (1984) Changes of algal biomass as carbon, cell number and volume, in bottles suspended in Lake Constance. J Plankton Res 6: 239–247
Hebert P D N (1982) Competition in zooplankton communities. Ann Zool Fenn 19: 349–356
Hessen D O (1985a) The relation between bacterial carbon and dissolved humic compounds in oligotrophic lakes. FEMS Microb Ecol 31: 215–223
Hessen D O (1985b) Filtering structures and particle size selection in coexisting cladocera. Oecologia 66: 368–372
Hessen D O (1992) Nutrient element limitation of zooplankton production. Am Nat 104: 799–814
Hessen D O Andersen T (1990) Bacteria as a source of phosphorus for zooplankton. Hydrobiologia 206: 217–223
Hessen D O Andersen T (1992) The algae-grazer interface: feedback mechanisms linked to elemental ratios and nutrient cycling. Arch Hydrobiol Beih (Ergebn Limnol) 35: 111–120
Hessen D O Lyche A (1991) Inter- and intraspecific variations in zooplankton elemental composition. Arch Hydrobiol 121: 343–353
Hessen D O Andersen T Lyche A (1989) Differential grazing and resource utilization of zooplankton in a humic lake. Arch Hydrobiol 114: 321–347
Hessen D O Andersen T Lyche A (1990) Carbon metabolism in a humic lake; pool sizes and cycling through zooplankton. Limnol Oceanogr 35: 84–99
Hessen D O Faafeng B Andersen T (1992) Zooplankton contribution to particulate phosphorus and nitrogen in lakes. J Plankton Res 14: 937–947
Hogeweg P Hesper B (1978) Interactive instruction in population interactions. Comput Biol Med 8: 319–327
Holing C S (1966) The functional response of invertebrate predators to prey density. Mem Entomol Soc Can 48: 1–86
Holm N A Armstrong D E (1981) Role of nutrient limitation and competition in controlling the populations of Asterionella formosa and Microcystis aeruginosa in semicontinuous culture. Limnol Oceanogr 26: 622–634
Hrbácek J Dvórákova M Korínek V Procházkóva L (1961) Demonstration of the effect of fish stock on the species composition of zooplankton and the intensity of metabolism of the whole plankton association. Verh Int Ver Limnol 14: 192–195
Hsu S B Hubbell S P Waltman P (1977) A mathematical theory for single-nutrient competition in continous cultures of microorganisms. SIAM J Appl Math 32: 366–383
Hutchinson G E (1961) The paradox of the plankton. Am Nat 95: 137–145
Hutchinson G E (1967) A treatise on limnology. vol. II. Wiley, New York
Hutchinson G E (1973) Eutrophication. The scientific background of a contemporary practical problem. Am Sci 61: 269–279
Infante A Litt A H (1985) Differences between two species of Daphnia in the use of 10 species of algae in Lake Washington. Limnol Oceanogr 30: 1053–1059
Ingle L Wood T R Banta A M (1937) A study of longevity, growth, reproduction and heart rate in Daphnia longispina as influenced by limitations in quantity of food. J Exp Zoo 176: 325–352
Jacobs J (1974) Quantitative measurement of food selection. Oecologia 14: 413–417
Jacoby J M Lynch D D Welch E B Perkins M A (1982) Internal phosphorus loading in a shallow eutrophic lake. Water Res 16: 911–919
Jassby A D Goldman C R (1974) Loss rates from a lake phytoplankton community. Limnol Oceanogr 19: 618–627
Jensen A (1984) Excretion of organic carbon as function of nutrient stress. In: Holm-Hansen O Bolis L Gilles R (eds) Marine phytoplankton and productivity. Springer, Berlin; Heidelberg, New York, pp 61–72
Jeppesen E Søndergaard M Mortensen E Kristensen P Riemann B Jensen H J Miiller J P Sortkjær O Jensen J P Christoffersen K Bosselmann S Dall E (1990) Fish manipulation as a lake restoration tool in shallow, eutrophic temperate lakes 1: cross-analysis of three Danish case-studies. Hydrobiologia 200/201: 205–218
Kalif J Knoechel R (1978) Phytoplankton and their dynamics in oligotrophic and eutrophic lakes. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 9: 475–495
Kappers F I (1984) On population dynamics of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. PhD Thesis. University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam
Kerfoot W C Sih A (eds) (1987) Predation, direct and indirect impacts on aquatic communities. University Press of New England, Hanover
Kersting K (1983) Direct determination of the “threshold food concentration” for Daphnia magna. Arch Hydrobiol 96: 510–514
Kieber D J McDaniel J Mopper K (1989) Photochemical source of biological substrates in sea water: implications for carbon cycling. Nature 341: 637–639
Kilham P Hecky R E (1988) Comparative ecology of marine and freshwater phytoplankton. Limnol Oceanogr 33: 776–795
Kilham P Kilham S S (1980) The evolutionary ecology of phytoplankton. In: Morris I (ed) The physiological ecology of phytoplankton. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 571–592
Kilham S S (1987) Phytoplankton responses to changes in mortality rates. Verh Int Ver Limnol 23: 677–682
Kilham S S Kott C L Tilman D (1977) Phosphate and silicate kinetics for the Lake Michigan diatom Diatoma elongatum. J Great Lakes Res 3: 93–99
Knisely K Geller W (1986) Selective feeding of four zooplankton species on natural lake phytoplankton. Oecologia 69: 86–94
Kohl J-G Nicklisch A (1988) Ökophysiologie der Algen. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart, 253 pp
Kooijman S A L M(1986) Population dynamics on the basis of budgets. In: Metz J A J Diekman O (eds) The dynamics of physiologically structured populations. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, pp 266–297
Kring L R O’Brien W J (1976) Effect of varying oxygen concentration on the filtring rate of Daphnia pulez. Ecology 57: 808–814
Lampert W (1976) A directly coupled artificial two-step food chain for long term experiments with filter feeders at constant food concentrations. Mar Biol 37: 349–355
Lampert W (1977) Studies on the carbon balance of Daphnia pulex de Geer as related to environmental conditions. I — IV. Arch Hydrobiol Beih 48: 287–368
Lampert W (1978) Release of dissolved organic carbon by grazing zooplankton. Limnol Oceanogr 23: 831–834
Lampert W (1987) Feeding and nutrition in Daphnia. Mem Ist Ital Idrobiol 45: 143–192
Lampert W Bohrer R(1984) Effect of food availability on the respiratory quotient of Daphnia magna. Comp Biochem Physiol 78a: 221–224
Lampert W Gabriel W (1984) Tracer kinetics in Daphnia: an improved two-compartment model and experimental test. Arch Hydrobiol 100: 1–20
Lampert W Muck P (1985) Multiple aspects of food limitation in zooplankton communities: the Daphnia-Eudiaptomus example. Arch Hydrobiol Beih 21: 311–322
Lampert W Schober U (1980) The importance of “threshold” food concentrations. Am Soc Limnol Oceanogr Spec Symp 3: 264–267
Lampert W Fleckner W Rai H Taylor B E (1986) Phytoplankton control by grazing zooplankton: A study on the spring clear water phase. Limnol Oceanogr 31: 478–490
Langeland A Reinertsen H (1982) Interactions between phytoplankton and zooplankton in a fertilized lake. Holarct Ecol 5: 253–272
Lawless J F (1982) Statistical models and methods for lifetime data. Wiley, New York
Laws E A Bannister T T (1980) Nutrient- and light-limited growth of Thalassiosira fluviatilis in continuous culture, with implications for phytoplankton growth in the oceans. Limnol Oceanogr 25: 457–473
Laws E A Redalje D G Karl D M Chalup M S (1983) A theoretical and experimental examination of the predictions of two recent models of phytoplankton growth. J Theor Biol 105: 469–491
Laws E A Jones D R Terry K L Hirata J A (1985) Modifications in recent models of phytoplankton growth: theoretical developments and experimental examination of predictions. J Theor Biol 114: 323–341
Lean D R S (1976) Movements of phosphorus between its biologically important forms in lake water. J Fish Res Board Can 33: 1525–1536
Lean D R S Nalewajko C (1976) Phosphate exchange and organic phosphorus excretion by freshwater algae. J Fish Res Board Can 33: 1312–1323
Le Borgne R (1982) Zooplankton production in the eastern tropical Atlantic Ocean: net growth efficiency and P:B in terms of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. Limnol Oceanogr 27: 681–698
Lee G F Rast W Jones R A (1978) Eutrophication of water bodies: insights for an age-old problem. Environ Sci Technol 12: 900–908
Lehman J T (1976) The filter-feeder as an optimal forager, and the predicted shapes of feeding curves. Limnol Oceanogr 21: 501–516
Lehman J T (1984) Grazing, nutrient release, and their impacts on the structure of phytoplankton communities. In: Meyers D W Strickler J R (eds) Trophic interactions within aquatic ecosystems. Westview Press, Boulder, pp 49–72
Lehman J T (1988) Ecological principles affecting community structure and secondary production by zooplankton in marine and freshwater environments. Limnol Oceanogr 33: 931–945
Lehman J T Naumoski T (1985) Content and turnover of phosphorus in Daphnia pulex: Effect of food quality. Hydrobiologia 128: 119–125
Leon J A Thumpson D B (1975) Competition between two species for two complementary or substitutable resources. J Theor Biol. 50: 185–201
Levin S A (1970) Community equilibria and stability, and an extension of the competitive exclusion principle. Am Nat 104: 413–423
Levins R (1979) Coexistence in a variable environment. Am Nat 114: 765–783
Lindeman R L (1942) The trophic-dynamic aspect of ecology. Ecology 23: 399–418
Lotka A J (1907) Relation between birth rates and death rates. Science 26: 21–22
Lotka A J (1925) Elements of physical biology. Dover Publications, New York
Løvstad O Wold T (1984) Determination of external concentrations of available phosphorus for phytoplankton populations. Verh Int Ver Limnol 22: 205–210
Luenberger D G (1979) Introduction to dynamic systems. Theory, models and applications. Wiley, New York, 446 pp
Lynch M (1977) Fitness and optimal body size in zooplankton populations. Ecology 58: 763–774
Lynch M (1980a) The evolution of cladoceran life histories. Q Rev Biol 55: 23–41
Lynch M (1980b) Aphanizomenon blooms: alternate control and cultivation by Daphnia pulex. Am Soc Limnol Oceanogr Spec Symp 3: 299–304
Lynch M (1983) Estimation of size-specific mortality rates in zooplankton populations by periodic sampling. Limnol Oceanogr 28: 533–545
Lynch M (1989) The life history consequences of resource depression in Daphnia pulex. Ecology 70: 246–256
Lynch M Ennis R (1983) Resource availability, maternal effects, and longevity. Exp Gerontol 18: 147–165
Lynch M Weider L J Lampert W (1986) Measurement of the carbon balance in Daphnia. Limnol Oceanogr 31: 17–33
MacArthur R H Wilson E O (1967) The theory of island biogeography. Princeton University Press, Princeton
MacDonald N (1978) Time lags in biological models. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York
Mackereth F J(1953) Phosphorus utilization by Asterionella formosa. J Exp Bot 4: 296–313
Malone T C (1980) Algal size.In: Morris I (ed) The physiological ecology of phytoplankton. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp 433–463
Mangel M Clark C W (1988) Dynamic modeling in behavioral ecology. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 308 pp
May R M (1972) Limit cycles in predator-prey communities. Science 177: 900–902
May R M (1975) Stability and complexity in model ecosystems. Princeton University Press, Princeton
May R M (1981) Models for two interacting populations. In: May R M (ed) Theoretical ecology. Principles and applications. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 78–104
Mazumder A McQueen D J Taylor W D Lean D R S (1988) Effects of fertilization and planktovorous fish (yellow perch) predation on size-distribution of particulate phosphorus and assimilated phosphate: large enclosure experiments. Limnol Oceanogr 33: 421–430
Mazumder A Taylor W D McQueen D J Lean D R S (1989) Effects of fertilization and planktirous fish on epilimnetic phosphorus and phosphorus sedimentation in large enclosures. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 46: 1735–1742
Mazumder A McQueen D J Taylor W D Lean D R S (1990) Pelagic food web interactions and hypolimnetic oxygen depletion: Results from experimental enclosures and lakes. Aquat Sci 52: 144–155
Mazumder A Taylor W D Lean D R S McQueen D J (1992) Partitioning and fluxes of phosphorus: mechanisms regulating the size-distribution and biomass of plankton. Arch Hydrobiol Beih (Ergebn Limnol) 35: 121–143
McAllister C D LeBrasseur R J Parsons T R (1972) Stability of enriched aquatic ecosystems. Science 175: 562–564
McCauley E Kalff J (1981) Empirical relationships between phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass in lakes. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 38: 458–463
McCauley E Murdoch W W (1987) Cyclic and stable populations: plankton as a paradigm. Am Nat 129: 97–121
McCauley E Murdoch W W (1989) Predator-prey dynamics in environments rich and poor in nutrients. Nature 343: 455–457
McCauley E Murdoch W W Nisbet R M Gurney W S (1990) The physiological ecology of Daphnia: development of a model of growth and reproduction. Ecology 71: 703–715
McMahon J W(1965) Some physical factors influencing the feeding behaviour of Daphnia magna Straus. Can J Zoo 143: 603–612
McMahon J W Rigler F H (1965) Feeding rate of Daphnia magna Straus in different foods labeled with radioactive phosphorus. Limnol Oceanogr 10: 105–113
McQueen D J Post J R Mills E L (1986) Trophic relationships in freshwater pelagic ecosystems. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 43: 1571–1581
McQueen D J Johannes M R S Post J R Stewart T J Lean D R S (1989) Bottom-up and top-down impacts on freshwater pelagic community structure. Ecol Monogr 59: 289–309
Menge B A Sutherland J P (1976) Species diversity gradients: synthesis of the roles of predation, competition, and temporal heterogeneity. Am Nat 110: 351–368
Menge B A Sutherland J P (1987) Community regulation: variation in disturbance, competition, and predation in relation to environmental stress and recruitment. Am Nat 130: 730
Metz J A J Diekman O(eds) (1986) The dynamics of physiologically structured populations. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York
Meusy J J (1980) Vitellogenin, the extraovarian precursor of the protein yolk in Crustacea: a review. Reprod Nutr Dev 83: 1–21.
Mickelson M J Maske H Dugdale R C (1979) Nutrient-dependent dominance in multispecies chemostat cultures of diatoms. Limnol Oceanogr 24: 298–315
Møller-Andersen J (1975) Influence of pH on release of phosphorus from lake sediments. Arch Hydrobiol 76: 411–419
Morel F M M (1987) Kinetics of nutrient uptake and growth in phytoplankton. J Phycol 23: 137–150
Morgan K C (1976) Studies on the autecology of the freshwater algal flagellate Cryptomonas erosa. PhD Thesis. McGill University, Montreal
Mortimer C H (1941) The exchange of dissolved substances between mud and water in lakes. I. J Ecol 29: 280–329
Mortimer C H (1942) The exchange of dissolved substances between mud and water in lakes. II. J Ecol 30: 147–201
Muck P Lampert W (1980) Feeding of freshwater filter-feeders at very low food concentrations: poor evidence for “threshold feeding” and “optimal foraging” in Daphnia longispina and Eudiaptomus gracilis. J Plankton Res 2: 367–379
Muck P Lampert W (1984) An experimental study on the importance of food conditions for the relative abundance of calanoid copepods and cladocerans. 1. Comparative feeding studies with Eudiaptomus gracilis and Daphnia longispina. Arch Hydrobiol Beih 66: 157–179
Miiller V H (1972) Wachstum und Phosphatbedarf von Nitzschia actinastroides (Lem.) v. Goor in statischer und homocontinuierlicher Kultur unter Phosphatlimitierung. Arch Hydrobiol Beih 38: 399–484
Murdoch W W (1969) Switching in general predators: experiments on predator specificity and stability of prey populations. Ecol Monogr 39: 335–354
Murdoch W W McCauley E (1985) Three distinct types of dynamic behaviour shown by a single planktonic system. Nature 316: 628–630
Myers J Graham J-R (1971) The photosynthetic unit in Chlorella measured by repetitive short flashes. Plant Physiol 48: 282–286
Myklestad S (1977) Production of carbohydrates by marine planktonic diatoms. II. Influence of the N/P ratio in growth medium on the assimilation ratio, growth rate, and production of cellular and extracellular carbohydrates by Chaetoceros affinis var. Willei (Gran) Hustedt and Skeletonema costatum (Grev.) Cleve. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 29: 161–179
Nakashima B S Leggett W C (1980) Natural sources and requirements of phosphorus in fishes. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 37: 679–686
Nauwerck A (1963) Die Beziehungen zwischen Zooplankton und Phytoplankton im See Erken. Symb Bot Ups 17: 1–163
Nielsen M Olsen Y (1989) The dependence of the assimilation efficiency in Daphnia magna on the 14C-labeling period of the food alga Scenedesmus acutus. Limnol Oceanogr 34: 1311–1315
Nisbet R M Gurney W S C (1982) Modelling fluctuating populations. Wiley, New York, 377 pp
Nisbet R M Gurney W S C Murdoch W WMcCauley E (1989) Structured population models: a tool for linking effects at individual and population level. Biol J Linn Soc 37: 79–99
Nyholm N (1977) Kinetics of phosphate limited algal growth. Biotechnol Bioeng 19: 467–492
Odum E P (1962) Relationships between structure and function in the ecosystem. Jpn J Ecol 12: 108–118
Odum E P de la Cruz A A (1963) Detritus as a major component of ecosystems. Bull Am Inst Biol Sci 13: 39–40
Odum H T (1957) Trophic structure and productivity of Silver Springs, Florida. Ecol Monogr 27: 55–112
Oglesby R T (1977) Phytoplankton summer standing crops and annual productivity as functions of phosphorus loading and various physical factors. J Fish Res Board Can 34: 2255–2270
Oksanen L Fretwell S D Arruda J Niemela P (1981) Exploitation ecosystems in gradients of primary productivity. Am Nat 118: 240–261
Olsen Y (1988) Phosphate kinetics and competitive ability of planktonic blooming cyanobacteria under variable phosphate supply. Dr. Techn. Thesis. University of Trondheim, Trondheim
Olsen Y (1989) Evaluation of competitive ability of Staurastrum luetkemuellerii (Chlorophyceae) and Microcystis aeruginosa (Cyanophyceae) under P limitation. J Phycol 25: 486–499
Olsen Y Østgaard K (1985) Estimating release rates of phosphorus from zooplankton; model and experimental verification. Limnol Oceanogr 30: 844–852
Olsen Y Knutsen G Lien T (1983a) Characteristics of phosphorus limitation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlorophyceae) and its palmelloids. J Phycol 19: 313–319
Olsen Y Jensen A Reinertsen H Rugstad B (1983b) Comparison of different algal carbon estimates by use of the Droop-model for nutrient limited growth. J Plankton Res 5: 43–51
Olsen Y Vårum K M Jensen A (1986a) Some characteristics of the carbon compounds released by Daphnia. J Plankton Res 8: 505–517
Olsen Y Jensen A Reinertsen H Børsheim K Y Heldal M Langeland A (1986b) Dependence of the rate of release of phosphorus by zooplankton upon the P:C ratio in the food supply, as calculated from the recycling-model. Limnol Oceanogr 31: 34–44
Olsen Y Vadstein O Andersen T Jensen A (1989) Competition between Staurastrum luetkemuellerii (Chlorophyceae) and Microcystis aeruginosa (Cyanophyceae) under varying modes of phosphate supply. J Phycol 25: 499–508
Paasche E (1980) Silicon. In: Morris I (ed) The physiological ecology of phytoplankton. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 258–284
Pace M L (1984) Zooplankton community structure, but not biomass, influences the phosphorus-chlorophyll a relationship. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 41: 1089–1096
Pace M L Porter K G Feig Y S (1983) Species- and age-specific differences in bacterial resource utilization by two co-occurrring cladocerans. Ecology 64: 1145–1156
Paloheimo J E Crabtree S J Taylor W D (1982) Growth model of Daphnia. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 39: 598–606
Parker R A Olson M I (1966) The uptake of inorganic phosphate by Daphnia schoedleri. Physiol Zool 39: 53–65
Pennak R W (1957) Species composition of limnetic zooplankton communities. Limnol Oceanogr 2: 222–232
Perrin N (1989) Reproductive allocation and size constraints in the cladoceran Simocephalus vetulus (Müller). Funct Ecol 3: 279–283
Perry M J (1976) Phosphate utilization by an oceanic diatom in phosphorus-limited chemostat culture and in the oligotrophic waters of the central North Pacific. Limnol Oceanogr 21: 88–107
Peters R H (1983) Ecological implications of body size. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New york, 329 pp
Peters R H (1987) Metabolism in Daphnia. Mem Ist Ital Idrobiol 45: 193–243
Peters R H Rigler F H (1973) Phosphorus release by Daphnia. Limnol Oceanogr 18: 821–839
Pianka E R (1970) On r- and K-selection. Am Nat 104: 592–597
Piyasiri S (1985) Methodological aspects of defining food dependence and food thresholds in fresh-water calanoids. Arch Hydrobiol Beih. (Ergebn Limnol) 21: 277–284
Pollard J H (1973) Mathematical models for the growth of human populations. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New york
Porter K G (1988) Phagotrophic protozoa in planktonic food webs. Hydrobiologia 159: 89–97
Porter K G Gerritsen J Orcutt J D (1982) The effect of food concentration on swimming patterns, feeding behaviour, ingestion, assimilation, and respiration by Daphnia. Limnol Oceanogr 27: 935–949
Porter K G Orcutt J D Gerritsen J (1983) Functional response and fitness in a generalist filter feeder, Daphnia magna (cladocera: crustacea). Ecology 64: 735–742
Powell T Richerson P J (1985) Temporal variation, spatial heterogeneity, and competition for resources in plankton systems: a theoretical model. Am Nat 125: 431–463
Prairie Y T (1988) A test of the sedimentation assumptions of phosphorus input-output models. Arch Hydrobiol 111: 321–327
Prairie Y T (1989) Statistical models for the estimation of net phosphorus sedimentation in lakes. Aquat Sci 51: 192–210
Press W H Flannery B P Teukolsky S A Vetterling W T (1986) Numerical recipes. The art of scientific computing. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 818 pp
Reckhow K H Chapra S C (1983) Engineering approaches for lake management, vol 1: Data analysis and empirical modeling. Butterworth, London
Redfield A C (1958) The biological control of chemical factors in the environment. Am Sci 46: 205–222
Reiners W A (1986) Complementary models for ecosystems. Am Nat 127: 59–73
Reinertsen H Jensen A Koksvik J I Langeland A Olsen Y (1989) Effects of fish removal on the limnetic ecosystem of a eutrophic lake. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 47: 166–173
Reynolds C S (1984) The ecology of freshwater phytoplankton. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 384 pp
Reynolds C S (1989) Physical determinants of phytoplankton succession. In: Sommer U (ed) Plankton Ecology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, pp 9–58
Rhee G-Y (1973) A continuous culture study of phosphate uptake, growth rate and polyphosphate in Scenedesmus sp. J phycol 9: 495–506
Rhee G-Y Gotham I J (1980) Optimum N:P ratios and coexistence of planktonic algae. J Phycol 16: 468–489
Rhee G-Y Gotham I J (1981) The effect of environmental factors on phytoplankton growth: light and the interaction of light with nitrate limitation. Limnol Oceanogr 26: 649–660
Richman S (1958) The transformation of energy by Daphnia pulex. Ecol Monogr 28: 273–291
Richman S Dodson S I (1983) The effect of food quality on feeding and respiration by Daphnia and Diaptomus. Limnol Oceanogr 28: 948–956
Ricker W E (1973) Linear regressions in fishery research. J Fish Res Board Can 30: 409–434
Riegman R Mur L R (1984) Regulation of phosphate uptake kinetics in Oscillatoria agardhii. Arch Microbiol 139: 28–32
Riemann B Søndergaard M (eds) (1986) Carbon dynamics in eutrophic, temperate lakes. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Rigler F H (1961) The relation between concentration of food and feeding rate of Daphnia magna Straus. Can J Zool 39: 857–868
Rigler F H (1964) The phosphorus fractions and turnover time of inorganic phosphorus in different types of lakes. Limnol Oceanogr 9: 511–514
Rodhe W (1978) Algae in culture and nature. Verh Int Ver Limnol 21: 7–20
Rogers T D (1981) Chaos in systems in population biology. Prog Theor Bio 16: 92–146
Rognerud S Kjellberg G (1984) Relationships between phytoplankton and zooplankton biomasses in large lakes. Verh Int Ver Limnol 22: 666–671
Rosenzweig M L (1969) Why the prey curve has a hump. Am Nat 103: 81–87
Rosenzweig M L (1971) Paradox of enrichment Destabilization of exploitation ecosystems in ecological time. Science 171: 385–387
Rosenzweig M L MacArthur R H (1963) Graphical representation and stability conditions of predator-prey interactions. Am Nat 97: 209–223
Roughgarden J (1979) Theory of population genetics and evolutionary ecology: an introduction. Macmillan, New York. 634 pp
Sakamoto M (1966) Primary production by phytoplankton community in some Japanese lakes and its dependence on lake depth. Arch Hydrobiol 62: 1–28
Sakshaug E Andresen K Myklestad S Olsen Y (1983) Nutrient status of phytoplankton communities in Norwegian waters (marine, brackish, and fresh) as revealed by their chemical composition. J Plankton Res 5: 175–196
Sanni S Wærvågen S B (1990) Oligotrophication as a result of planktivorous fish removal with rotenone in the small, eutrophic lake, Mosvatn, Norway. Hydrobiologia 200/201: 263–274
Scavia D McFarland M J (1982) Phosphorus release patterns and the effects of reproductive stage and ecdysis in Daphnia magna. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 39: 1310–1314
Schaffer W M Kot M (1986) Chaos in ecological systems: the coals that Newcastle forgot. TREE 1: 58–63
Schindler D W(1977) Evolution of phosphorus limitation in lakes. Science 195: 260–262
Schindler D W (1978) Factors regulating phytoplankton production and standing crop in the world’s freshwaters. Limnol Oceanogr 23: 478–486
Shapiro J (1980) The importance of trophic level interactions to the abundance and species composition of algae in lakes. Dev Hydrobiol 2: 105–116
Shapiro J Wright D I (1984) Lake restoration by biomanipulation:Round Lake, Minnesota, the first two years. Freshwater Biol 14: 371–383
Shapiro J Lamarra V Lynch M (1975) Biomanipulation: an ecosystem approach to lake restoration. In: Brezonik P L Fox J L (eds) Proceedings of a symposium on water quality management through biological control. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, pp 85–96
Sharp J H (1977) Excretion of organic matter by marine phytoplankton. Do healthy cells do it? Limnol Oceanogr 22: 381–399
Shuter B J (1978) Size dependence of phosphorus and nitrogen subsistence quotas in unicellular microorganisms. Limnol Oceanogr 23: 1248–1255
Shuter B (1979) A model of physiological adaption in unicellular algae. J Theor Biol 78: 519–552
Sinko J W Streifer W (1967) A new model for age-size structure of a population. Ecology 48: 910–918
Slagstad D (1981) Modeling and simulation of physiology and population dynamics of copepods. Effects of physical and biological parameters. Model Identif Control 2: 119–162
Slagstad D (1982) A model of phytoplankton growth — effects of vertical mixing and adaptation to light. Model Identif Control 3: 111–130
Smith F E (1963) Population dynamics in Daphnia magna and a new model for population growth. Ecology 44: 651–663
Smith R E H Kalff J (1982) Size-dependent phosphorus uptake kinetics and cell quota in phytoplankton. J Phycol 18: 275–284
Smith R E Kalff J (1983) Competition for phosphorus among co-occurring freshwater phytoplankton. Limnol Oceanogr 28: 448–464
Smith R E Kalff J (1985) Phosphorus competition among phytoplankton: A reply. Limnol Oceanogr 30: 440–444
Smith V H (1983) Low nitrogen to phosphorus ratios favor dominance by blue-green algae in lake phytoplankton. Science 221: 669–671
Sommer U (1981) The role of r- and K-selection in the succession of phytoplankton in Lake Constance. Acta Oecol 2: 327–342
Sommer U (1983) Nutrient competition between phytoplankton species in multispecies chemostat experiments. Arch Hydrobiol 96: 399–416
Sommer U (1984) The paradox of the plankton: fluctuations of the phosphorus availability maintain diversity of phytoplankton in flow-through cultures. Limnol Oceanogr 29: 633–636
Sommer U (1985) Comparison between steady state and nonsteady state competition: experiments with natural phytoplankton. Limnol Oceanogr 30: 335–346
Sommer U (1986) Phytoplankton competition along a gradient of dilution rates. Oecologia 68: 503–506
Sommer U (1988a) Does nutrient competition among phytoplankton occur in situ? Verh Int Ver Limnol 23: 707–712
Sommer U (1988b) Phytoplankton succession in microcosm experiments under simultaneous grazing pressure and resource limitation. Limnol Oceanogr 33: 1037–1054
Sommer U (1989a) Nutrient status and nutrient competition of phytoplankton in a shallow, hypertrophic lake. Limnol Oceanogr 34: 1162–1173
Sommer U (ed) (1989b) Plankton ecology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York
Sommer U Kilham S S (1985) Phytoplankton natural community competition experiments: a reinterpretation. Limnol Oceanogr 30: 436–440
Sommer U Gliwicz Z M Lampert W Duncan A (1986) The PEG-model of seasonal succession of planktonic events in fresh waters. Arch Hydrobiol 106: 433–471
Souza-Machado S Rollins R Jacobs D Hartman J (1990) Studying chaotic systems using microcomputers and Lyapunov exponents. Am J Phys 58: 321–329
Steemann Nielsen E (1979) Growth of the unicellular alga Selenastrum capricornutum as a function of P. With some information also on N. Verh Int Ver Limnol 20: 36–42
Stemberger R S Gilbert J J (1985) Body size, food concentration, and population growth in planktonic rotifers. Ecology 66: 1151–1159
Stemberger R S Gilbert J J (1987) Rotifer threshold food concentrations and the size-efficiency hypothesis. Ecology 68: 181–187
Stenson J A E Bohlin T Henrikson L Nilsson B I Nyman H G Oscarson H G Larsson P (1978) Effects of fish removal from a small lake. Verh Int Ver Limnol 20: 794–801
Sterner R W (1989) The role of grazers in phytoplankton succession. In: Sommer U (ed) Plankton ecology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, pp 107–170
Sterner R W (1990) The ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus resupplied by herbivores: zooplankton and the algal competitive arena. Am Nat 136: 209–229
Sterner R W Hagemeier D D Smith W L Smith R F (1993) Phytoplankton nutrient limitation and food quality for Daphnia. Limnol Oceanogr 38: 857–871
Stross R G (1987) Photoperiodism and phased growth in Daphnia populations: coactions in perspective. Mem Ist Ital Idrobiol 45: 413–437
Suttle C A (1987) Effects of nutrient patchiness and N:P supply ratios on the ecology and physiology of freshwater phytoplankton. PhD Thesis, University British Columbia, Vancouver
Taylor B E (1985) Effects of food limitation on growth and reproduction of Daphnia. Arch Hydrobiol Beih 21: 285–296
Taylor W D Lean D R S (1991) Phosphorus pool sizes and fluxes in the epilimnion of a mesotrophic lake. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 48: 1293–1301
Tessier A J Goulden C E (1982) Estimating food limitation in cladoceran populations. Limnol Oceanogr 27: 707–717
Tessier A J Goulden C E (1987) Cladoceran juvenile growth. Limnol Oceanogr 32: 680–686
Tessier A J Henry L L Goulden C E Durand M W (1983) Starvation in Daphnia: energy reserves and reproductive allocation. Limnol Oceanogr 28: 667–676
Thingstad T F (1987) Analyzing the “microbial loop”. PhD Thesis. University of Bergen, Bergen
Thompson J M Ferguson A J D Reynolds C S (1982) Natural filtration rates of zooplankton in a closed system: the derivation of a community grazing index. J Plankton Res 4: 545–560
Thompson J M T Stewart H B (1986) Nonlinear dynamics and chaos. Wiley, New York, 376 pp
Threlkeld S T (1987) Daphnia population fluctuation: patterns and mechanism. Mem Ist Ital Idrobiol 45: 367–388
Thurman E M (1985) Organic geochemistry of natural waters. Dr W Junk, The Hague
Tillmann U Lampert W (1984) Competitive ability of differently sized Daphnia species: an experimental test. J Freshwater Ecol 2: 311–323
Tilman D (1980) Resources: a graphical-mechanistic approach to competition and predation. Am Nat 116: 362–393
Tilman D (1981) Tests of resource competition theory using four species of Lake Michigan algae. Ecology 62: 802–815
Tilman D (1982) Resource competition and community structure. Princeton University Press, Princeton
Tilman D Kilham S S (1976b) Phosphate and silicate growth and uptake of the diatoms Asterionella formosa and Cyclotella meneghiniana in batch and semicontinuos culture. J Phycol 12: 375–383
Titman D Kilham P (1976b) Sinking in fresh water phytoplankton: some ecological implications of cell nutrient status and physical mixing processes. Limnol Oceanogr 21: 409–417
Tilman D Kilham S S Kilham P (1982) Phytoplankton community ecology: the role of limiting nutrients. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 13: 349–372
Tufillaro N B Abbott T Reilly J (1992) An experimental approach to nonlinear dynamics and chaos. Addison-Wesley, Redwood City, 340 pp.
Turner J T Ferrante J G (1979) Zooplankton fecal pellets in aquatic ecosystems. Bioscience 29: 670–677
Turpin D H (1988) Physiological mechanisms in phytoplankton resource competition. In: Sandgren C D (ed) Growth and reproductive strategies of freshwater phytoplankton. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 316–368
Uehlinger U (1980) Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Autökologie von Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. Arch Hydrobiol Beih 60: 260–288
Vadstein O Olsen Y (1989) Chemical composition and phosphate uptake kinetics of limnetic bacterial communities cultured in chemostat under phosphorus limitation. Limnol Oceanogr 34: 939–946
Vadstein O Jensen A Olsen Y Reinertsen H (1988) Growth and phosphorus status of limnetic phytoplankton and bacteria. Limnol Oceanogr 33: 489–503
Van Donk E Gulati R D Grimm M P (1989) Food-web manipulation in Lake Zwemlust: positive and negative effects during the first two years. Hydrobiol Bull 23: 19–35
Vance R R (1978) Predation and resource partitioning in one predator-two prey model communities. Am Nat 112: 797–813
Vanderploeg H A Scavia D (1979) Calculation and use of selectivity coefficients of feeding: zooplankton grazing. Ecol Model 7: 135–149
Vanderploeg H A Scavia D Liebig J R (1984) Feeding rate of Diaptomus sicilis and its relation to selectivity and effective food concentration in algal mixtures and in Lake Michigan. J Plankton Res 6: 919–941
Van Liere L (1979) On Oscillatoria agardhii Gomont: experimental ecology and physiology of a nuisance bloom-forming cyanobacterium. PhD Thesis. University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam
Vanni M J Temte J (1990) Seasonal patterns of grazing and nutrient limitation of phytoplankton in a eutrophic lake. Limnol Oceanogr 35: 697–709
Vidal J (1980) Physioecology of zooplankton. 1. Effects of phytoplankton concentration, temperature, and body size on the growth rate of Calanus pacificus and Pseudocalanus sp. Mar Biol 56: 111–134
Vollenweider R A (1968) Scientific fundamentals of the eutrophication of lakes and flowing waters, with particular reference to nitrogen and phosphorus as factors in eutrophication. OECD, Paris
Vollenweider R A (1976) Advances in defining critical loading levels for phosphorus in lake eutrophication. Mem Ist Ital Idrobiol 33: 53–83
Volterra V (1926) Variations and fluctuations of the number of individuals in animal species living together. J Cons Perm Int Ent Mer 3: 3–51
Walsby A E Reynolds C S (1980) Sinking and floating. In: Morris I (ed) The physiological ecology of phytoplankton. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp 371–412
Wetzel R G (1975) Limnology. Saunders, Philadelphia, 743 pp
Wetzel R G Rich Ph Miller C H Allen H L (1972) Metabolism of dissolved and particulate detrital carbon in a temperate hard-water lake. Mem Ist Ital Idrobiol 29: 185–243
Williamson C E Gilbert J J (1980) Variation among zooplankton predators: The potential of Asplanchna, Mesocyclops, and Cyclops to attack, capture, and eat various rotifer prey. Am Soc Limnol Oceanogr Spec Symp 3: 509–517
Williamson C E Butler N M Forcina L (1985) Food limitation in naupliar and adult Diaptomus pallidus. Limnol Oceanogr 30: 1283–1290
Winner R W Farrell M P (1976) Acute and chronic toxicity of copper to four species of Daphnia. J Fish Res Board Can 33: 1685–1691
Wright D I Shapiro J (1984) Nutrient reduction by biomanipulation: an unexpected phenomenon and its possible cause. Verh Int Ver Limnol 22: 518–524
Yan N D (1986) Empirical prediction of crustacean zooplankton biomass in nutrient-poor Canadian shield lakes. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 43: 788–796
Yan N D Mackie G L Boomer D (1989) Seasonal patterns in metal levels of the net plankton of three canadian shield lakes. Sci Total Environ 87/88: 439–461
Zaffagnini F (1987) Reproduction in Daphnia. Mem Ist Ital Idrobiol 45: 245–284
Zaret T M (1980) Predation and freshwater communities. Yale University Press, New Haven
Zeuthen E (1953) Oxygen uptake as related to body size in organisms. Q Rev Biol 28: 1–12
Zevenboom W Mur L R (1980) N2-fixing cyanobacteria: why they do not become dominant in Dutch hypertrophic lakes? In: Barica J Mur L R (eds) Hypertrophic ecosystems. Dr W Junk, The Hague, pp 123–130
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Andersen, T. (1997). References. In: Pelagic Nutrient Cycles. Ecological Studies, vol 129. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03418-7_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03418-7_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-08279-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-03418-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive