Abstract
The chemistry of the atmosphere is significantly influenced by exchange processes between the biosphere and the atmosphere (Warneck 1988; Schlesinger 1991; Sharkey et al. 1991; Butcher et al. 1992; Graedel and Crutzen 1993, 1994). A number of trace gases, which can dramatically affect atmospheric chemistry, are not only released from but also adsorbed and consumed by the biosphere. Within this context we examine plant physiological and soil microbial processes, potentially influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, light and trace gas composition of the surrounding air. In contrast to adsorption/desorption processes of trace gases produced by soils and only mediated by the plant tissue (i.e. methane) it is obvious that volatile components have to be produced prior to the emission. Thus we need to understand why these compounds are produced: interactions, special functions, unimportant by-products or accumulations due to blocking metabolic pathways. In all cases the status of the soil and plant or the soil-plant system and external factors have a significant influence on emissions. These are the crucial points in addition to stress, senescence and seasonal effects. Furthermore, the measurement techniques used for plant or micro-organism studies influence the exchange behaviour sometimes dramatically. Another important factor without direct involvement of plant metabolism is the influence of leaf surface micro-organisms, the epiphytes. All plant surfaces are more or less colonised by bacteria, fungi, yeasts or algae which form an ecosystem of their own, called the phyllosphere (Blakeman 1981; Fokkema and van den Heuvel 1986; Andrews and Hirano 1991). Information about their influence on trace gas exchange is lacking. However, as the epiphytes have their own metabolism, including the exchange of metabolites with their environment, an interaction with the surrounding air has to be assumed.
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Kesselmeier, J., Bode, K., Schjørring, J.K., Conrad, R. (1997). Biological Mechanisms involved in the Exchange of Trace Gases. In: Slanina, S. (eds) Biosphere-Atmosphere Exchange of Pollutants and Trace Substances. Transport and Chemical Transformation of Pollutants in the Troposphere, vol 4. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03394-4_5
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