Abstract
We discuss in this chapter how ultrafast optical spectroscopy techniques can be used to investigate the dynamics of carrier transport in semiconductors over macroscopic distances. Traditionally, carrier transport has been investigated by electrical time-of-flight techniques [8.1], but all-optical techniques offer many advantages. Optical markers, successfully used in the study of tunneling, as discussed in Chap. 7, provide one means of investigating dynamics of transport. We will discuss an extension of this concept to multiple optical markers in this chapter. We will also discuss how screening of electric field in the sample caused by the motion of photoexcited electrons and holes in the opposite directions can be used to obtain information about carrier transport dynamics.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
J.R. Haynes, W. Shockley: Phys. Rev. 81, 835 (1951)
L. Reggiani: In Physics of Nonlinear Transport, ed. by D.K. Ferry, J.R. Barker, C. Jacoboni (Plenum, New York 1980) pp.243–254
C. Canali, F. Nava, L. Reggiani: In Hot Electron Transport in Semiconductors, ed. by L. Reggiani, Topics Appl. Phys., Vol.58 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1985) Chap.3
D.F. Nelson, J.A. Cooper Jr., A.R. Tretola: Appl. Phys. Lett. 41, 857 (1982)
R.A. Höpfel, J. Shah, D. Block, A.C. Gossard: Appl. Phys. Lett. 48, 148 (1986)
D.W. Pohl, W. Denk, M. Lantz: Appl. Phys. Lett. 44, 651 (1984)
D.W. Pohl: In Scanning Tunneling Microscopy II, 2nd edn., ed. R. Wiesendanger, H.-J. Güntherodt, Springer Ser. Surf. Sci., Vol.28 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1995) Chap.7 and Sect.9.4
E. Betzig, J.K. Trautman: Science 257, 189 (1992)
G. Binnig, H. Rohrer: Helvetica Physica Acta 55, 726 (1982)
H.-J. Güntherodt, R. Wiesendanger (eds.): Scanning Tunneling Microscopy I, 2nd edn., Springer Ser. Surf. Sci., Vol.20 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1994)
G. Binnig, C.F. Quate, C. Gerber: Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 726 (1986)
J.B. Stark, U. Mohideen, E. Betzig, R.E. Slusher: In Ultrafast Phenomena IX, ed. by P.F. Barbara, W.H. Knox, G.A. Mourou, A.H. Zewail, Springer Ser. Chem. Phys., Vol.60 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1994) pp.349–350
S. Weiss, D.F. Ogletree, D. Botkin, M. Salmeron, D.S. Chemla: Appl. Phys. Lett. 63, 2567 (1993)
S. Weiss, D. Botkin, D.F. Ogletree, M. Salmeron, D.S. Chemla: In Ultrafast Phenomena IX, ed. by P.F. Barbara, W.H. Knox, G.A. Mourou, A.H. Zewail, Springer Ser. Chem. Phys., Vol.60 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1994) pp. 347–348
G. Nunes and M.R. Freeman: Science 262, 1029 (1993)
D.M. Bloom, A.S. Hou, F. Ho, B.A. Nechay: In Ultrafast Phenomena IX, ed. by P.F. Barbara, W.H. Knox, G.A. Mourou, A.H. Zewail, Springer Ser. Chem. Phys., Vol.60 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1994) pp.17–21
A.S. Hou, F. Ho, D.M. Bloom: Electron. Lett. 28, 2302 (1992)
C.J. Chen: In Scannung Tunneling Microscopy III, ed. by R. Wiesendanger, H.-J. Güntherodt, Springer Ser. Surf. Sci., Vol.29 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1993) Chap.7
J. Nees, S. Wakana, C.Y. Chen: In Ultrafast Phenomena IX, ed. by P.F. Barbara, W.H. Knox, G.A. Mourou, A.H. Zewail, Springer Ser. Chem. Phys., Vol.60 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1994) pp.139–140
C. Bai: Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and its Applications, Springer Ser. Surf. Sci., Vol.32 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1995)
W. Franz: Z. Naturforsch. 13, 484 (1958)
L.V. Keldysh: Soy. Phys. JETP 7, 788 (1958)
D.A.B. Miller, D.S. Chemla, S. Schmitt-Rink: Phys. Rev. B 33, 6976 (1986)
B.B. Hu, E.A. de Souza, W.H. Knox, J.E. Cunningham, M.C. Nuss, A.V. Kuznetsov, S.L. Chuang: Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 1689 (1995)
H. Hillmer, G. Mayer, A. Forchel, K.S. Lochner, E. Bauser: Appl. Phys. Lett. 49, 948 (1986)
A. Chomette, B. Deveaud, J.Y. Emery, A. Regreny: Superlattices and Microstructures 1, 201 (1985)
B. Deveaud, J. Shah, T.C. Damen, B. Lambert, A. Chomette, A. Regreny: IEEE J. QE-24, 1641 (1988)
J. Shah: In Spectroscopy of Nonequilibrium Electrons and Phonons, ed. by C.V. Shank, B.P. Zakharchenya (Elsevier, Amsterdam 1992) pp.57–112
J. Shah: In Hot Carriers in Semiconductor Nanostructures: Physics and Applications, ed. by J. Shah (Academic, Boston 1992) pp.279–312
J. Shah: In Spectroscopy of Semiconductor Microstructures, ed. by G. Fasol, A. Fasolino, P. Lugli (Plenum, New York 1989) pp.535–560
D.Y. Oberli, J. Shah, B. Deveaud, T.C. Damen: In Picosecond Electronics and Optoelectronics, ed. by T.C.L.G. Sollner, D.M. Bloom, OSA Proc. Picosec. Electron. Optoelectron., Vol.4 (Optical Society of America, Washington, DC 1989) p.94
R.A. Höpfel, J. Shah, P.A. Wolff, A.C. Gossard: Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 2736 (1986)
R.A. Höpfel, J. Shah, P.A. Wolff, A.C. Gossard: Phys. Rev. B 37, 6941 (1988)
H. Hillmer, S. Hansmann, A. Forchel, M. Morohashi, E. Lopez, H.P. Meier, K. Ploog: Appl. Phys. Lett. 53, 1937 (1988)
H. Hillmer, A. Forchel, C.W. Tu: J. Phys. C 5, 5563 (1993)
H. Hillmer, C.W. Tu: Appl. Phys. A 56, 445 (1994)
H. Hillmer, H.L. Zhu, H. Burkhard: J. Appl. Phys. 73, 1035 (1993)
A. Forchel, B. Laurich, H. Hillmer, G. Tränkle, M. Pilkuhn: J. Lumin. 30, 67 (1985)
B.F. Levine, W.T. Tsang, C.G. Bethea, F. Capasso: Appl. Phys. Lett. 41, 470 (1982)
D.J. Westland, D. Mihailovic, J.F. Ryan, M.D. Scott: Appl. Phys. Lett. 51, 590 (1987)
H. Hillmer, A. Forchel, T. Kuhn, G. Mahler, H.P. Meier: Phys. Rev. B 43, 13992 (1991)
B. Deveaud, A. Chomette, B. Lambert, A. Regreny, R. Romestain, P. Edel: Solid State Commun. 57, 885 (1986)
C.V. Shank, R.L. Fork, B.I. Greene, F.K. Reinhart, R.A. Logan: Appl. Phys. Lett. 38, 104 (1981)
T.J. Maloney, J. Frey: J. Appl. Phys. 48, 781 (1977)
W. Sha, T.B. Norris, W.J. Schaff, K.E. Meyer: Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 2553 (1991)
J. Son, W. Sha, J. Kim, T.B. Norris, J.F. Whitaker, G.A. Mourou: Appl. Phys. Lett. 63, 923 (1993)
T.B. Norris, W. Sha, W.J. Schaff: SPIE Proc. 1677, 241 (1992)
F. Capasso, K. Mohammed, A.Y. Cho: IEEE J. QE-22, 1853 (1986)
P.W. Anderson: Phys. Rev. 109, 1492 (1958)
A. Chomette, B. Deveaud, A. Regreny, G. Bastard: Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 1464 (1986)
D. Calecki, J. F. Palmier, A. Chomette: J. Phys. C 17, 5017 (1984)
J.F. Palmier, H. Le Person, C. Minot, A. Chomette, A. Regreny, D. Calecki: Superlattices and Microstructures 1, 67 (1985)
J.F. Palmier and A. Chomette: J. Physique 43, 381 (1982)
G.J. Warren and P.N. Butcher: Semicond. Sci. Technol. 1, 133 (1986)
B. Deveaud, J. Shah, T.C. Damen, B. Lambert, A. Regreny: Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 2582 (1987)
E. Yang, S. Das Sarma: Phys. Rev. B 37, 10090 (1988)
B. Lambert, F. Clerot, B. Deveaud, A. Chomette, G. Talalaeff, A. Regreny: J. Lumin. 44, 277 (1989)
B. Deveaud, F. Clerot, A. Chomette, B. Lambert, P. Auvray, M. Gauneau: Appl. Phys. Lett. 59, 2168 (1991)
D.A.B. Miller, D.S. Chemla, T.C. Damen, A.C. Gossard, W. Wiegmann, T.H. Wood, C.A. Burrus: Appl. Phys. Lett. 45, 13 (1984)
D.A.B. Miller: Opt. Quantum Electron. 22, S61 (1990)
C.F. Klingshirn: Semiconductor Optics (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1995)
R.G. Hunsperger: Integrated Optics, 4th edn. (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1995)
F. Capasso, K. Mohammed, A.Y. Cho: Appl. Phys. Lett. 48, 478 (1986)
H. Schneider, K. v. Klitzing, K. Ploog: Superlattices and Microstructures 5, 383 (1989)
J. Callaway: Phys. Rev. 130, 549 (1963)
D.A.B. Miller, D.S. Chemla, T.C. Damen, A.C. Gossard, W. Wiegmann, T.H. Wood, C.A. Burrus: Phys. Rev. B 32, 1043 (1985)
G. Livescu, A.M. Fox, D.A.B. Miller, T. Sizer, W.H. Knox, A.C. Gossard, J.H. English: Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 438 (1989)
A.M. Fox, D.A.B. Miller, G. Livescu, J.E. Cunningham, W.Y. Jan: IEEE J. QE-27, 2281 (1991)
A.M. Fox, D.A.B. Miller, G. Livescu, J.E. Cunningham, W.Y. Jan: In Picosecond Electronics and Optoelectronics, ed. by T.C.L.G. Sollner, J. Shah, OSA Proc. Picosec. Electron. Optoelectron., Vol.9 (Optical Society of America, Washington, DC 1991) p.210
A. Larsson, P.A. Andrekson, S.T. Eng, A. Yariv: IEEE J. QE-24, 787 (1988)
K. Hess, B.A. Bojak, N. Holonyak Jr., R. Chin, P.D. Dapkus: Solid State Electron. 23, 585 (1980)
S.V. Kozyrev, Y. Shik: Soy. Phys. — Semicond. 19, 1024 (1985)
M. Babiker, B.K. Ridley: Superlattices and Microstructures 2, 287 (1986)
J.A. Brum, G. Bastard: Phys. Rev. B 33, 1420 (1986)
B. Deveaud, A. Chomette, D. Morris, A. Regreny: Solid State Commun. 85, 367 (1993)
P.W.M. Blom, J. Claes, J.E.M. Haverkort, J.H. Wolter: Opt. Quantum Electron. 26, S667 (1994)
P.J. van Hall, P.W.M. Blom: Superlattices and Microstructures 13, 329 (1993)
M. Babiker, A. Ghosal, B.K. Ridley: Superlattices and Microstructures 5, 133 (1989)
P.W.M. Blom, R.F. Mols, J.E.M. Haverkort, M.R. Leys, J.H. Wolter: ECOC’90, 16th Europ. Conf. on Opt. Commun. (1990) p.3
P.W.M. Blom, J.E.M. Haverkort, J.H. Wolter: Appl. Phys. Lett. 58, 2767 (1991)
S. Morin, B. Deveaud, F. Clerot, K. Fujiwara, K. Mitsunaga: IEEE J. QE-27, 1669 (1991)
P.W.M. Blom, C. Smit, J.E.M. Haverkort, J.H. Wolter: Phys. Rev. B 47, 2072 (1993)
J.E.M. Haverkort, P.W.M. Blom, J.H. Wolter: SPIE Proc. 1985, 705 (1993)
D. Morris, B. Deveaud, A. Regreny, P. Auvray: Phys. Rev. B 47, 6819 (1993)
B. Deveaud, D. Morris, A. Regreny, M.R.X. Barros, P.C. Becker, J.M. Gerard: Opt. Quantum Electron. 26, S679 (1994)
M.R.X. Barros, P.C. Becker, D. Morris, B. Deveaud, A. Regreny, F.A. Beisser: Phys. Rev. B 47, 10951 (1993)
J. Feldmann, G. Peter, E.O. Göbel, K. Leo, H.-J. Polland, K. Ploog, K. Fujiwara, T. Nakayama: Appl. Phys. Lett. 51, 226 (1987)
D.J. Westland, D. Mihailovic, J.F. Ryan, M.D. Scott: Surf. Sci. 196, 399 (1988)
D. Bimberg, J. Christen, A. Steckenborn, G. Weimann, W. Schlapp: J. Lumin. 30, 562 (1985)
D.J. Westland, D. Mihailovic, J.F. Ryan, M.D. Scott: Appl. Phys. Lett. 51, 590 (1987)
B. Deveaud, J. Shah, T.C. Damen, W.T. Tsang: Appl. Phys. Lett. 52, 1886 (1988)
R. Kersting, X.Q. Zhou, K. Wolter, D. Grutzmacher, H. Kurz: Superlattices and Microstructures 7, 345 (1990)
Y. Shiraki, S. Fukatsu, Y. Katayama, R. Ito, A. Fujiwara, N. Ogasawara: In Proc. 20th Intl Conf. on the Physics of Semiconductors, ed. by E.M. Anastassakis, J.D. Joannopoulos (World Scientific, Singapore 1990) pp. 1573–1576
I. Suemune: IEEE J. QE-27, 1149 (1991)
R. Nagarajan, T. Fukushima, S.W. Corzine, J.E. Bowers: Appl. Phys. Lett. 59, 1835 (1991)
R. Nagarajan: In Ultrafast Electronics and Optoelectronics, ed. by J. Shah, U. Mishra, OSA Proc. Ultrafast Electron. Optoelectron., Vol.14 (Optical Society of America, Washington, DC 1993) p.13–16
H. Sakaki, H. Noge (eds.): Nanostructures and Quantum Effects, Springer Ser. Mater. Sci., Vol.30 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1994)
S. Weiss, J.M. Wiesenfeld, D.S. Chemla, G. Raybon, G. Sucha, M. Wegener, G. Eisenstein, C.A. Burrus, A.G. Dentai, U. Koren, B.I. Miller, H. Temkin, R.A. Logan, T. Tanban-Ek: Appl. Phys. Lett. 60, 9 (1992)
J.E.M. Haverkort, P.W.M. Blom, P.J. van Hall, J. Claes, J.H. Wolter: Phys. Status Solidi (b) 188, 139 (1995)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Shah, J. (1996). Carrier Transport in Semiconductor Nanostructures. In: Ultrafast Spectroscopy of Semiconductors and Semiconductor Nanostructures. Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences, vol 115. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03299-2_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03299-2_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-03301-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-03299-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive