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Electronic Surface States

  • Chapter
Surfaces and Interfaces of Solid Materials

Part of the book series: Springer Study Edition ((SSE))

Abstract

Since the surface is the termination of a bulk crystal, surface atoms have fewer neighbors than bulk atoms; part of the chemical bonds which constitute the bulk-crystal structure are broken at the surface. These bonds have to be broken to create the surface and thus the formation of a surface costs energy (surface tension) (Sect.3.1). In comparison with the bulk properties, therefore, the electronic structure near to the surface is markedly different. Even an ideal surface with its atoms at bulk-like positions (called truncated bulk) displays new electronic levels and modified many-body effects due to the change in chemical bonding. Many macroscopic effects and phenomena on surfaces are related to this change in electronic structure, for example, the surface energy (tension), the adhesion forces, and the specific chemical reactivity of particular surfaces. A central topic in modern surface physics is therefore the development of a detailed understanding of the surface electronic structure. On the theoretical side, the general approach is similar to that for the bulk crystal: In essence the one-electron approximation is used and one tries to solve the Schrödinger equation for an electron near the surface. A variety of approximation methods may then be used to take into account many-body effects.

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  1. Institut für Schicht- und Ionentechnik, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Postfach 1913, D-52425, Jülich, Germany

    Professor Dr. Hans Lüth

  2. Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, D-52062, Aachen, Germany

    Professor Dr. Hans Lüth

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  1. Professor Dr. Hans Lüth
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© 1995 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Lüth, H. (1995). Electronic Surface States. In: Surfaces and Interfaces of Solid Materials. Springer Study Edition. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03132-2_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03132-2_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-58576-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-03132-2

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