Abstract
The crystalline state of a substance is characterized by a time-invariant, regular three-dimensionally periodic arrangement of atoms in space. This determines all the features of the macro- and microscopic characteristics and physical properties of crystals. In this introductory chapter we shall deal with the principles of the atomic structure of crystals and of their habit, the possibility of macroscopic description of the properties on the basis of the conceptions of the anisotropy, and the symmetry of a crystalline substance. We shall also consider the thermodynamical reasons for the appearance of the crystalline state and for the differences between its structure and that of other condensed media: liquids, polymers, and liquid crystals.
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Vainsthein, B.K. (1994). Crystalline State. In: Fundamentals of Crystals. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02975-6_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02975-6_1
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