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General References
Classification
Baillon, H.E. 1866–1895. Histoire des plantes, 13 vols. Paris: L. Hachette et Cie.
Bentham, G., Hooker, J.D. 1862–1883. Genera Plantarum, 3 vols. London: various publishers.
Cronquist, A. 1968. The evolution and classification of flowering plants. London: Nelson.
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Dahlgren, G. 1989b. The last Dahlgrenogram. System of classification of the dicotyledons. In: Kit Tan (ed.) Plant taxonomy. The Davis & Hedge Festschrift. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 249–260.
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Engler, A., Prantl, K. (eds.) 1887–1915. Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, 4 parts, index, 4 suppl. Leipzig: W. Engelmann. (2nd edn. with various editors 1925 →) (for an index to families in first and second edition see Morley, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 71: 210-228. 1984).
Goldberg, A. 1986. Classification, evolution, and phylogeny of the families of dicotyledons. Smithson. Contrib. Bot. 58. 314 pp.
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Kubitzki, K. 1972. Probleme der Großsystematik der Angiospermen. Ber. Dtsch. Bot. Ges. 85: 259–277.
Kubitzki, K. (ed.) 1977. Flowering plants — evolution and classification of higher categories. Pl. Syst. Evol., Suppl. 1. Berlin Heidelberg New York Wien: Springer.
Smith, A. C. 1972. An appraisal of the orders and families of primitive extant angiosperms. J. Indian Bot. Soc. Golden Jubilee Vol. 50 A: 215–226 (“1971”).
Soó, R. 1967. Die modernen Systeme der Angiospermen. Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 13: 201–233.
Soó, C. R. de 1975. A review of the new classification systems of flowering plants (Angiospermatophyta, Magnoliophytina). Taxon 24: 585–592.
Takhtajan, A. 1980a. Outline of the classification of flowering plants (Magnoliophyta). Bot. Rev. 46: 225–359.
Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) 1980b. Flowering plants, vol. 5A of: Fedorov, Al. A. (ed.) Plant life. Moscow: Prosweshenie (in Russian).
Takhtajan, A. 1987. Systema Magnoliophytorum. Leningrad: Nauka (in Russian).
Thorne, R. F. 1968. Synopsis of a putatively phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants. Aliso 6: 57–66.
Thorne, R. F. 1974. A phylogenetic classification of the Annoniflorae. Aliso 8: 147–209.
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Thorne, R.F. 1992. Classification and geography of the flowering plants. Bot. Rev. 58: 225–348
Phylogeny and Evolution
Beck, C.B. (ed.) 1976. Origin and early evolution of angiosperms. New York: Columbia University Press.
Crane, P.R. 1985. Phylogenetic analysis of seed plants and the origin of angiosperms. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 72: 716–793.
Crane, P.R., Blackmore, S. (eds.) 1989. Evolution, systematics, and fossil history of the Hamamelidae, 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Donoghue, M.J., Doyle, J. A. 1989. Phylogenetic relationships of angiosperms and the relationships of Hamamelidae. In: Crane, P.R., Blackmore, S. (eds.) Evolution, systematics, and fossil history of the Hamamelidae, vol. 1. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 17–45.
Friis, E.M., Chaloner, W.G., Crane, P.R. 1987. The origins of angiosperms and their biological consequences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Nĕmejc, F. 1956. On the problem of the origin and phylogenetic development of the angiosperms. Acta Mus. Nat. Prag. 12B: 65–144.
Stebbins, G.L. 1974. Flowering plants. Evolution above the species level. London: Edward Arnold.
Takhtajan, A. 1969. Flowering plants: origin and dispersal. Edinburgh: Boyd.
Vegetative Structures
Behnke, H.-D. 1988. Sieve-element plastids, phloem protein and evolution of flowering plants: III. Magnoliidae. Taxon 37: 699–732.
Behnke, H.-D. 1989. Sieve-element plastids, phloem protein, and the evolution of flowering plants. IV. Hamamelidae. In: Crane, P.R., Blackmore, S. (eds.) Evolution, systematics, and fossil history of the Hamamelidae, vol. 1. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 105–128.
Czaja, A. Th. 1978. Structure of starch grains and the classification of vascular plant families. Taxon 27: 463–470.
Metcalfe, R.C., Chalk, L. 1950. Anatomy of dicotyledons, 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press (2nd. edn. 1979 →).
Reproductive Structures
Corner, E.J.H. 1976. The seeds of dicotyledons, 2 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Takhtajan, A. 1988. Anatomia seminum comperativa. Vol.2. Magnoliidae-Ranunculidae. Leningrad: Nauka ( in Russian)
Takhtajan, A. 1991. Anatomia seminum comparativa. Vol.3. Caryophyllidae-Dilleniidae. Leningrad: Nauka (in Russian)
Weberling, F. 1988. Inflorescence structure in primitive angiosperms. Taxon 37: 657–690.
Weberling, F. 1989. Morphology of flowers and inflorescences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pollen Morphology and Embryology
Erdtman, G. 1952. Pollen morphology and plant taxonomy. Angiosperms. Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell.
Dahlgren, G. 1991 Steps toward a natural system of the dicotyledons: embryological characters. Aliso 13:107–165.
Davis, G.L. 1966. Systematic embryology of angiosperms. New York: Wiley.
Ferguson, I.K., Muller, J. (eds.) 1976. The evolutionary significance of the exine. London: Academic Press.
Johri, B. (ed.) 1984. Embryology of angiosperms. Berlin Heidelberg New York. Springer.
Nagendran, C.R., Dinesh, M.S. 1989. The embryology of angiosperms: a classified bibliography (1965–1985) Michigan: Indira Publ. House.
van Campo, M. 1976. Patterns of pollen morphological variation within taxa. In: Ferguson, I.K., Müller, J. (eds.) The evolutionary significance of the exine. London: Academic Press, pp. 125–135.
Walker, J. W. 1976a. Evolutionary significance of the exine in the pollen of primitive angiosperms. In: Ferguson, I.K., Muller, J. (eds.) The evolutionary significance of the exine. London: Academic Press, pp. 251–292.
Walker, J. W. 1976b. Comparative pollen morphology and phylogeny of the ranalean complex. In: Beck, C.B. (ed.) Origin and early evolution of angiosperms. New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 241–297.
Walker, J. W., Walker, A.G. 1984. Ultrastructure of Lower Cretaceous angiosperm pollen and the origin and early evolution of flowering plants. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 71: 464–521.
Yakovlev, M.S. (ed.) 1981. Comparative embryology of flowering plants, Winteraceae-Juglandaceae. Leningrad: Nauka (in Russian).
Yakovlev, M.S. (ed.) 1983. Comparative embryology of flowering plants, Phytolaccaceae-Thymelaeaceae. Leningrad: Nauka (in Russian).
Yakovlev, M.S. (ed.) 1985. Comparative embryology of flowering plants, Brunelliaceae-Tremandraceae. Leningrad: Nauka (in Russian).
Zavada, M. S. 1984. Angiosperm origins and evolution based on dispersed fossil pollen ultrastructure. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 71: 444–463.
Zavada, M.S., Dilcher, D.L. 1986. Comparative pollen morphology and its relationship to phylogeny of pollen in the Hamamelidae. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 73: 348–381.
Karyology
Fedorov, Al. A. (ed.) 1969. Chromosome numbers of flowering plants. Leningrad: Nauka (in Russian).
Raven, P.H. 1975. The bases of angiosperm phylogeny: cytology. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 62: 724–764.
Chemosystematics
Bate-Smith, E. C. 1962. The phenolic constituents of plants and their taxonomic significance. I. Dicotyledons. J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 58: 95–173.
Gibbs, R.D. 1974. Chemotaxonomy of flowering plants, 4 vols. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
Hegnauer, R. 1962–1991. Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen. Basel: Birkhäuser. (Vol.1: 1962; Vol.2: 1963; Vol.3: 1964; Vol.4: 1966; Vol. 5: 1969; Vol.6: 1973; Vol. 7: 1986; Vol. 8: 1989; Vol.9: 1990; Vol. 10: 1991).
Kubitzki, K., Gottlieb, O.R. 1984a. Micromolecular patterns and the evolution and major classification of angiosperms. Taxon 33: 375–391.
Kubitzki, K., Gottlieb, O.R. 1984b. Phytochemical aspects of angiosperms origin and evolution. Acta bot. Neerl. 33: 457–468.
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Kubitzki, K., Rohwer, J.G., Bittrich, V. (1993). General References. In: Kubitzki, K., Rohwer, J.G., Bittrich, V. (eds) Flowering Plants · Dicotyledons. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, vol 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02899-5_4
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