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Determination of Cyanide and Cyanogenic Glycosides from Plants

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Book cover Plant Toxin Analysis

Part of the book series: Modern Methods of Plant Analysis ((MOLMETHPLANT,volume 13))

Abstract

Many plants have the capacity to release hydrogen cyanide (HCN) when the tissues are damaged. The entire plant or any plant part may exhibit this property. Most commonly the compounds responsible are cyanogenic glycosides [O-β-glycosides of α-hydroxynitriles (cyanohydrins)], relatively polar, water-soluble compounds, usually accompanied by β-glycosidases that cleave sugars from the glycosides (Fig. 1). Associated hydroxynitrile lyases catalyze decomposition of the resultant cyanohydrins to carbonyl compounds and free hydrogen cyanide; this last step also may occur spontaneously. About 60 cyanogenic glycosides are known from higher plants (Nahrstedt 1987; Seigler 1991); probably the best known of these is amygdalin, which is widespread in seeds of plants such as apples, peaches, cherries, and apricots. Examples of the different structural classes of cyanogenic compounds are given in Fig. 2. The ability to produce and accumulate cyanogenic glycosides is found in all major vascular plant groups (Hegnauer 1977; Saupe 1981; Seigler 1991). Several major reviews are available (Seigler 1977, 1981a,b; Conn 1979, 1980a,b, 1981a,b; Nahrstedt 1981, 1985, 1987; Vennesland et al. 1981; Evered and Harnett 1988).

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Authors
  1. A. M. Brinker
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  2. D. S. Seigler
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Goldberglein 7, W-8520, Erlangen, Germany

    Hans Ferdinand Linskens

  2. Department of Viticulture, Enology and Horticulture, Waite Agricultural Research Institute, University of Adelaide, 5064, Glen Osmond, S.A., Australia

    John F. Jackson

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© 1992 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Brinker, A.M., Seigler, D.S. (1992). Determination of Cyanide and Cyanogenic Glycosides from Plants. In: Linskens, H.F., Jackson, J.F. (eds) Plant Toxin Analysis. Modern Methods of Plant Analysis, vol 13. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02783-7_15

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02783-7_15

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-08090-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-02783-7

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