Abstract
Since World War II there has been a remarkable proliferation in the use of mathematical modeling under the labels of systems analysis, decision analysis, operations analysis, management science, and policy analysis. Technology forecasting, impact, and transfer have also reflected the trend. However, serious limitations are inherent in these reductionist approaches and they have created a serious gap between the model and the real-world decision maker. This discussion focuses on the problem and a means to overcome it.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Allison, G., 1971, Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis, Little Brown and Co., Boston, MA, USA.
Ascher, W., 1978, Forecasting: An Appraisal for Policy-Makers and Planners, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Ascher, W. and Overholt, W., 1983, Strategic Planning and Forecasting: Political Risk and Economic Opportunity, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, NY, USA.
Bartholdi III, J.J., 1986, Operations research in China, Interfaces 16 (2): 29–30.
Bonavia, D., 1980, The Chinese, Lippincott & Crowell Publishers, New York, NY, USA.
Bowonder, B., 1987, The Bhopal accident, Technological Forecasting & Social Change 32 (2): 169–182.
Bowonder, B. and Linstone, H.A., 1987, Notes on the Bhopal accident: Risk analysis and multiple perspectives, Technological Forecasting & Social Change 32 (2): 183–202.
Business Week, 1984, The New Breed of Strategic Planner, pp. 63–64, September 17.
Butterfield, F., 1982, China: Alive in the Bitter Sea, Times Books, New York, NY, USA.
Choi, H.S., 1986a, Technology Development in Developing Countries, Asian Productivity Organization, Tokyo, Japan.
Choi, H.S., 1986b, Science and technology policies for industrialization of developing countries, Technological Forecasting & Social Change 29: 225–240.
Churchman, C.W., 1971, The Design of Inquiring Systems, Basic Books, New York, NY, USA.
Churchman, C.W., 1977, A philosophy for planning, in H.A. Linstone and W.H.C. Simmonds, eds., Futures Research: New Directions, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA.
Cyert, R. and March, J., 1963, A Behavioral Theory of the Firm, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA.
Fallows, J., 1988, Comments in The Atlantic, pp. 10, 11, 22–26.
Florman, S.C., 1976, The Existential Pleasures of Engineering, St. Martins Press, New York, NY, USA.
Forrester, J.W., 1961, Industrial Dynamics, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Freeman, O.L. and Karen, R., 1982, The farmer and the money economy: The role of the private sector in the agricultural development of LDC’s, Technological Forecasting & Social Change 22: 183–200.
Fried, J. and Molnar, P., 1978, Technological and Social Change: A Transdisciplinary Model, Petrocelli Books, New York, NY, USA.
Goeller, H.E. and Weinberg, A.M., 1976, The age of substitutability or what do we do when the mercury runs out, Science 191: 683–689.
Halal, W., 1980, Strategic Planning in Major US Corporations, Study prepared for General Motors Corporation at George Washington University, Washington, DC.
Halal, W., 1984, Strategic management, the state of the art and beyond, Technological Forecasting & Social Change 25 (3): 239–261.
Harris, P.R. and Moran, R.T., 1987, Managing Cultural Differences, Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, TX, USA.
Jay, A., 1968, Management and Machiavelli, Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, New York, NY, USA.
Kennedy, J.F., 1963, Preface to Decision in the White House by T. Sorensen, Columbia University Press, New York, NY, USA (quoted in G. Allison op. cit., p. vi).
Kennedy, P., 1989, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers, Vintage Books, New York, NY, USA.
Kunreuther, H., Linnerooth, J., et al., 1983, Risk Analysis and Decision Processes: The Siting of Liquified Energy Gas Facilities in Four Countries, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York.
Liberation Daily, 1984, quoted in W.A. Fisher, Scientific and technical planning in the People’s Republic of China, Technological Forecasting & Social Change 25: 189–207.
Linstone, H.A. 1984, Multiple Perspectives for Decision Making, North Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, New York, Oxford.
Linstone, H.A., 1985, Multiple perspectives: Overcoming the weaknesses of MS/OR, Interfaces 15 (4): 81.
Linstone, H.A. 1989, Mediacracy, mediocracy, or new democracy, Technological Forecasting & Social Change 36 (1–2): 153–169.
Linstone, H.A. Fried, J., Wang Yinglin, and Shu Hui, 1987, Multiple Perspectives in Cross-Cultural Systems Analysis: The China Case, Systems Science Ph.D. Program, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA.
Linstone H.A., Meltsner, A.J., Adelson, M., Mysior, A., Umbdenstock, L., Clary, B., Wagner, D., Shuman, J., 1981, The multiple perspective concept, Technological Forecasting & Social Change 20 (4): 275–325.
Los Angeles Times, April 4, 1982.
Main, J., 1987, Wanted: Leaders who can make a difference, Fortune, p. 92, September 28.
New York Times, August 26, 1986.
Perez, C., 1983, Structural change and assimilation of new technologies in the economic and social systems, Futures 15 (5): 357–375.
Perrow, C.E., 1984, Normal Accidents, Basic Books, New York, NY, USA.
Peters, T.J. and Waterman, Jr., R.H., 1982, In Search of Excellence, Harper and Row, New York, NY, USA.
Pollock, S.M. and Chen, K., 1986, Strive to conquer the black stink: Decision analysis in The People’s Republic of China, Interfaces 16 (2): 31–42.
Report of the President’s Commission on the Accident at Three Mile Island (The Kemeny Commission), 1979, Pergamon Press Inc., New York, NY, USA.
Rowan, R., 1979, Those business hunches are more than blind faith, Fortune, p. 112, April 23.
Sapp, J., 1987, Electricity Demand Forecasting in a Changing Regional Context: The Application of the Multiple Perspective Concept to the Prediction Process, Ph.D. Dissertation, Systems Science Ph.D. Program, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA.
Sharif, M.N., 1989, Technological leapfrogging: Implications for developing countries, Technological Forecasting & Social Change 36 (1–2): 201–209.
Siu, R.G.H., 1978, Management and the art of Chinese baseball, Sloan Management Review 19 (3): 85.
Technology Import Project Group, 1986, Analysis of Unfavorable Factors in Digesting-Absorbing Imported Technologies in China, Report of Science and Technology Research Division, National Research Center for Science and Technology for Development, Beijing, China, July 28.
Thompson, M. and Warburton, M., 1985, Decision Making Under Contradictory Certainties: How to Save the Himalayas When You Can’t Find Out What’s Wrong With Them, Journal of Applied Systems Analysis 12: 3–33.
Udwadia, F.E. and Agmon, T., 1988, Trade Deficits: A Look Beyond the Economic View, Technological Forecasting & Social Change 33: 109–118.
Wall Street Journal,April 7, 1980.
Washington Post,August 22, 1986.
Washington Post,August 30, 1986.
Wildaysky, A. and Tenenbaum, E., 1981, The Politics of Mistrust, Sage Publications Inc., Beverly Hills, CA, USA.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1991 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Linstone, H.A. (1991). Multiple Perspectives on Technological Diffusion: Insights and Lessons. In: Nakićenović, N., Grübler, A. (eds) Diffusion of Technologies and Social Behavior. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02700-4_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02700-4_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-02702-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-02700-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive