Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Concepts of Schizophrenia: Current Developments and Future Perspectives

  • Conference paper
Schizophrenia and Youth

  • 138 Accesses

Abstract

At a recent symposium held on the occasion of the 600th anniversary of the University of Heidelberg, the previous past occupant of the Chair of Psychiatry, Werner Janzarik, described the history and discussed the problems of the concept of schizophrenia. He began his paper with the incontrovertible observation that the history of schizophrenia is the history of clinical syndromes that were “only gradually, and at a relatively late period, grouped under the new designation after numerous differentiations and reclassifications.” He ended the lecture with the statement: “So far, there is no conclusively defined disease known as schizophrenia. The history of the concept is a history, not of medical discoveries, but of the intellectual models on which the orientation of psychiatry is based” (Janzarik 1987).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • American Psychiatric Association (1987) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, third edition, revised. APA, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Asperger H (1944) Die autistischen Psychopathen im Kindesalter. Arch Psychiatrie Nervenkr 117: 76–136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bleuler E (1911) Dementia praecox oder die Gruppe der Schizophrenien. In: Aschaffenburg G (ed) Handbuch der Psychiatrie, specieller Teil, 4. Abt 1. Hälfte. Deuticke, Leipzig

    Google Scholar 

  • Bleuler M (1978) Die schizophrenen Geistesstörungen im Lichte langjähriger Kranken-und Familiengeschichten. Thieme, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Bosch G (1972) Der frühkindliche Autismus. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyd JH, Pulver AE, Stewart W (1986) Season of birth. Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Schizophr Bull 12:173 —185

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown GW, Bone M, Dalison B, Wing JK (1966) Schizophrenia and social care. Oxford University Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper JE, Sartorius N (1977) Cultural and temporal variations in schizophrenia: a speculation on the importance of industrialization. Br J Psychiatry 130: 50

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper JE, Kendell RE, Gurland BJ, Sharpe L, Copeland JRM, Simon R (1972) Psychiatric diagnosis in New York and London. Oxford University Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Cutting J, Shepherd M (eds) (1987) The clinical roots of the schizophrenia syndrome. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Der G, Gupta S, Murray RM (1990) Is schizophrenia disappearing? Lancet i: 513–515

    Google Scholar 

  • Eagles JM, Hunter D, McLance C (1988) Decline in the diagnosis of schizophrenia among first contacts with psychiatric services in north-east Scotland. Br J Psychiatry 152: 793–798

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gillberg C, Steffenburg S, Bjorjesson B, Anderson L (1987) Infantile autism in children of immigrant parents. A population study from Goteborg, Sweden. Br J Psychiatry 150: 856–857

    Google Scholar 

  • Häfner H, Haas S, Pfeifer-Kurda M, Eishhorn S, Michitsuji S (1987) Abnormal seasonality of schizophrenic births. Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci 236: 333–342

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hare EH (1975) Season of birth in schizophrenia and neurosis. Am Psychiatry 132: 1168–1171

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hare EH (1983) Was insanity on the increase? Br J Psychiatry 142: 439–455

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hare EH (1988) Schizophrenia as a recent disease. Br J Psychiatry 153: 521–531

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison G, Owens D, Holton A, Neilson D, Boot D (1988) A prospective study of severe mental disorder in Afro-Caribbean patients. Psychol Med 18: 643–657

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herz MI, Szymanski HV, Simon J (1982) Intermittent medication for stable schizophrenic out-patients. Am J Psychiatry 139: 918–922

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirsch SR, Jolley HG, Manchanda R, McRink A (1987) Early intervention medication as an alternative to continuous depot treatment in schizophrenia. In: Strauss JS, Boker W, Brenner HD (eds) Psychosocial treatment of schizophrenia. Huber, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Itard JMG (1801, 1807) Memoire et rapport sur Victor de l’Aveyron. In: Maison L (ed) Les enfants sauvages. Union Generale d’Editions, Paris (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  • Janzarik W (1987) The concept of schizophrenia. History and problems. In: Häfner H, Gattaz WF, Janzarik W (eds) Search for the causes of schizophrenia. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 11–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaspers K (1946) Allgemeine Psychopathologie. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Kanner L (1943) Autistic disturbances of affective contact. Nervous Child 2: 217–250

    Google Scholar 

  • Kay P, Kolvin I (1987) Childhood psychoses and their borderlands. Br Med Bull 43:570–586 Kendell RE (1989) Clinical validity. Psychol Med 19: 45–55

    Google Scholar 

  • Kendler K, Lieberman JA, Walsh D (1989) The structural interview for schizotypy ( SIS ). Schizophr Bull 15: 559–572

    Google Scholar 

  • Knights A, Hirsch SR, Platt SD (1980) Clinical change as a function of brief admission to hospital in a controlled study using the PSE. Br J Psychiatry 137: 170–180

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kraepelin E (1899) Psychiatrie, 6th. edn. Barth, Leipzig

    Google Scholar 

  • Kraepelin E (1920) Die Erscheinungsformen des Irreseins. Z Ges Neurol Psychiatrie 62: 1–29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kretschmer E (1942) Körperbau and Charakter. Springer, Berlin, p 165

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindelius R (1970) A study of schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 216

    Google Scholar 

  • McKeown T (1971) A historical appraisal of the medical task. In: McLachlan G, McKeown T (eds) Medical history and medical care. Oxford University Press, London, pp 27–56

    Google Scholar 

  • McNeil TF, Kaij L (1978) Obstetric factors in the development of schizophrenia. In: Wynne LC, Cromwell RI, Matthysse S (eds) The nature of schizophrenia. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Munk-Jorgensen P (1987a) Why has the incidence of schizophrenia in Danish psychiatric institutions decreased since 1970? Acta Psychiatr Scand 75: 62–68

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Munk-Jorgensen P (1987b) First-admission rates and material status of schizophrenics. Acta Psychiatr Scand 76: 210–216

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy HBM, Raman AC (1971) The chronicity of schizophrenia in indiginous tropical peoples. Br J Psychiatry 118: 489–497

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murray RM, Lewis SW, Owen MJ, Foerster A (1988) The neurodevelopmental origins of dementia praecox. In: McGuffin P, Bebbington P (eds) Schizophrenia. The major issues. Heinemann, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Noreik K, Odegârd 0 (1967) Age of onset of schizophrenia in relation to socio-economic factors. Br J Soc Psychiatry 1: 243–249

    Google Scholar 

  • Odegard O (1967) Changes in the prognosis of the functional psychoses since the days of Kraepelin. Br J Psychiatry 113: 813

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Odegard O (1977) Season of birth in the population of Norway, with particular reference to the September birth maximum. Br J Psychiatry 131: 339–344

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pakaslahti A (1986) Principles and practices in diagnosing schizophrenia. Research Institute for Social Security, Helsinki

    Google Scholar 

  • Popper K (1945) The open society and its enemies. Routledge, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Richards P (1977) The medieval leper and his northern heirs. Brewer, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Sartorius N, Jablensky A, Korten A, Ernberg G, Anker M, Cooper JE, Day R (1987) Early manifestations and first-contact incidence of schizophrenia in different cultures. Psychol Med 16: 909–928

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schneider K (1971) Klinische Psychopathologie. Thieme, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Smulevich AB (1989) Sluggish schizophrenia in the modern classification of mental illness. Schizophr Bull 15: 533–540

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sturt E (1981) Hierarchical patterns in the distribution of psychiatric symptoms. Psychol Med 11: 783–794

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Torrey EF (1980) Schizophrenia and civilization. Aronson, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Wing JK (1976) Kanner’s syndrome. A historical introduction. In: Wing L (ed) Early childhood autism. Pergamon, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Wing JK (1978) Reasoning about madness. Oxford University Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Wing JK (1987a) Has the outcome of schizophrenia changed? Br Med Bull 43: 741–753

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wing JK (1987b) History, classification and research strategies in schizophrenia. Discussion. In:Häfner H, Gattaz WF, Janzarik W (eds) Search for the causes of schizophreia. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 39–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Wing JK (1988) Comments on the long term outcome of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 14: 669–672

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wing JK (1989) The measurement of social disablement. The MRC Social Behaviour and Social Performance Schedules. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 24: 173–178

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wing JK (1991) Differential diagnosis of schizophrenia. In: Kavenagh D (ed) Schizophrenia. An overview and practical handbook. Chapman and Hall, London (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wing JK, Cooper JE, Sartorius N (1974) The description and classification of psychiatric symptoms. An instruction manual for the PSE and CATEGO system. Cambridge University Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Wing JK, Babor T, Brugha T et al. (1990) SCAN; Schedules for clinical assessment in neuro-psychiatry. Arch Gen Psychiatry 47: 589–593

    Google Scholar 

  • Wing L (1979) Mentally retarded children in Camberwell. In: Häfner H (ed) Estimating needs for mental health care. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Wing L (1980) Childhood autism and social class. A question of selection. Br J Psychiatry 137: 410–417

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wing L (1981) Asperger’s syndrome. Psychol Med 11: 115–129

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wing L (1982) Development of concepts, classification and relationship to mental retardation. In: Wing JK, Wing L (eds) Psychoses of uncertain aetiology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Wing L, Gould J (1979) Severe impairments of social interaction and associated abnormalities in children. Epidemiology and classification. J Autism and Developmental Disorders 9: 11–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolff S, Chick J (1980) Schizoid personality in childhood. A controlled follow-up study. Psychol Med 10: 85–100

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization (1973) The international pilot study of schizophrenia. WHO, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization (1979) Schizophrenia. An international follow-up study. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization (1990) International classification of diseases, 10th edn. WHO, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. J. K. Wing
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Rheinische Landes- u. Hochschulklinik, Hufelandstraße 55, 4300, Essen, Germany

    Christian Eggers (Direktor) (Direktor)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Wing, J.K. (1991). Concepts of Schizophrenia: Current Developments and Future Perspectives. In: Eggers, C. (eds) Schizophrenia and Youth. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02684-7_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02684-7_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-52485-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-02684-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation