Abstract
The necessary first step in any planning of an arm trajectory must be for the central nervous system (CNS) to represent the position of the target to be reached. This initial step involves transforming the retinal image of the target into head-centered and, ultimately, body-centered coordinates.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Andersen R.A., Essick G.K., Siegel RM., (1985) Encoding spatial location by posterior parietal neurons. Science 230: 456. 458
Andersen RA., Essick G.K., Siegel R.M. (1987) Neurons of area 7 activated by both visual stimuli and oculomotor behavior. Exp Brain Res 67: 316–322
Bernstein M. (1967) The co-ordination and regulation of movements. Pergamon, Oxford
Bizzi E., Polit A., Morasso P. (1976) Mechanisms underlying achievement of final head position. J.Neurophysiol. 39: 435–444
Bizzi E., Accornero N., Chapple W., Hogan N. (1984) Posture control and trajectory formation during arm movement. J.Neurosci. 4: 2738–2744
Feldman A.G. (1966) Functional tuning of the nervous system during control of movement or maintenance of a steady posture. III.Mechanographic analysis of the execution by man of the simplest motor tasks. Biophysics 11: 766–775
Feldman A.G. (1974a) Change of muscle length due to shift of the equilibrium point of the muscle-load system. Biofizika 19: 534–538
Feldman A.G. (1974b) Control of muscle length. Biofizika 19: 749–751
Flash T. (1987) The control of hand equilibrium trajectories in multi joint arm movements. Biol. Cybern. 57: 257–274
Georgopoulos A.P., Kalaska J.F., Massey J.T. (1980) Cortical mechanisms of two-dimensional aiming arm movements. I.Aiming at different target locations. Neurosci. Abstr 6: 156
Hogan N. (1984) An organizing principle for a class of voluntary movements. J. Neurosci. 4: 2745–2754
Hogan N. (1985) The mechanics of multi-joint posture and movement control. Biol. Cybern. 52: 315–331
Kelso J.A.S. (1977) Motor control mechanisms underlying human movement reproduction. J.Exp.Psychol. 3: 529–543
Kelso J.A.S., Holt K.G. (1980) Exploring a vibratory system analysis of human movement production. J. Neurophysiol. 43: 1183–1196
McKeon B., Hogan N., Bizzi E. (1984) Effect of temporary path constraint during planar arm movements. Neurosci. Abstr 10: 337
Mussa-Ivaldi F.A. (1988) Do neurons in the motor cortex encode movement direction? An alternative hypothesis. Neurosci Lett 91: 106–111
Mussa-Ivaldi F.A., Hogan N., Bizzi E. (1985) Neural, mechanical and geometric factors subserving arm posture in humans. J. Neurosci. 5: 2732–2743
Mussa-Ivaldi F.A., Hogan N., Bizzi E. (1987) The role of geometrical constraints in the control of multi-joint posture and movement. Neurosci. Abstr 13: 347
Rack P.M.H., Westbury D.R. (1974) The short range stiffness of active mammalian muscle and its effect on mechanical properties. J. Physiol. ( Lond. ) 240: 331–350
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1990 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Bizzi, E., Mussa-Ivaldi, F.A. (1990). Emergent Issues in the Control of Multi-joint Movements. In: Deecke, L., Eccles, J.C., Mountcastle, V.B. (eds) From Neuron to Action. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02601-4_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02601-4_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-02603-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-02601-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive