Skip to main content

Conductivity Testing of Seeds

  • Chapter
Seed Analysis

Part of the book series: Modern Methods of Plant Analysis ((MOLMETHPLANT,volume 14))

Abstract

Electro-analytical approaches to seed testing can be envisaged in two ways: the direct measurement of bioelectrical potential or electrical resistance or current on partially hydrated seed, and conductivity measurement of seed steep water which determines the extent of electrolyte efflux out of seed into imbibition medium. While the first approach, involving measurement of an electrical current passed through seed, remains confined to an experimental stage; the second approach, measuring conductivity of seed steep water, has been extensively explored for seed quality assessment. In a broader perspective, seed quality in the context of the present chapter refers to the overall structural and functional state of seed which includes and determines readily measurable parameters of vigour and viability.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abdul Baki AA, Anderson JD (1972) Physiological and biochemical deterioration of seeds. In: Kozlowski TT (ed) Seed biology, vol 2. Acad Press, London, pp 283–315

    Google Scholar 

  • Adam NK (1962) Physical chemistry. Oxford University Press, Amen House, London, pp 355 —440

    Google Scholar 

  • Adam NM, McDonald MB Jr, Henderlong PR (1989) The influence of seed position, planting and harvesting dates on soybean seed quality. Seed Sci Technol 17: 143–152

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson AM, Hart JR, French RC (1964) Comparison of germination technique and conductivity tests of cotton seeds. Proc Int Seed Test Assoc 29: 81–96

    Google Scholar 

  • Anfinrud MN, Schneiter AA (1984) Relationship of sunflower germination and vigour tests to field performance. Crop Sci 24: 341–344

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Argerich CA, Bradford KJ (1989) The effect of priming and ageing on seed vigour in tomato. J Exp Bot 40: 599–607

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) (1983) Seed vigour testing handbook. Publ No 32, AOSA, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) (1986) Rules for testing seeds. J Seed Technol 6: 1–125

    Google Scholar 

  • Barber RF, Thompson JE (1980) Senescence-dependent increase in the permeability of liposomes prepared from bean cotyledon membranes. J Exp Bot 31: 1305–1313

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Becwar MR, Stanwood PC, Roos EE (1982) Dehydration effects on imbibitional leakage from desiccation-sensitive seeds. Plant Physiol 69: 1132–1135

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benson EE (1990) Free radical damage in stored plant germplasm. International Board for Plant Genetic Resources, Rome

    Google Scholar 

  • Berjak P, Dini M, Pammenter NW (1984) Possible mechanisms underlying the differing dehydration responses in recalcitrant and orthodox seeds: desiccation-associated subcellular changes in propagules of Avicennia marina. Seed Sci Technol 12: 365–384

    Google Scholar 

  • Berjak P, Farrant JM, Mycock DJ, Pammenter NW (1990) Recalcitrant (homoiohydrous) seeds: the enigma of their desiccation-sensitivity. Seed Sci Technol 18: 297–310

    Google Scholar 

  • Bevilacqua LR, Forrati F, Dondero G (1987) `Callos’ in the impermeable seed coat of Sesbania punicea. Ann Bot 59:335–341

    Google Scholar 

  • Bewley JD, Black M (1978) Physiology and biochemistry of seeds in relation to germination, vol 1. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Bewley JD, Black M (1982) Physiology and biochemistry of seeds in relation to germination, vol 2. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Biddington NL, Dearman AS, Thomas TH (1982) Effects of temperature and drying rate during dehydration of celery seeds on germination, leakage and response to gibberellin and cytokinin. Physiol Plant 54: 75–78

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bishnoi UR, Delouche JC (1980) Relationship of vigour tests and seed lots to cotton seedling establishment. Seed Sci Technol 8: 341–346

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonner FT (1986) Measurements of seed vigour for loblolly and slash pine. For Sci 32: 170–178

    Google Scholar 

  • Borochov A, Halevy AH, Shinitzky M (1982) Senescence and the fluidity of rose petal membranes. Plant Physiol 69: 296–299

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bradnock WT, Metthews S (1970) Assessing field emergence potential of wrinkle seeded pea. Hortic Res 10: 50–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Braunstein J, Robbins GD (1971) Electrolytic conductance measurements and capacitive balance. J Chem Educ 48: 52–59

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brouwer HM, Mulder JC (1982) Reduced steeping time for the conductivity vigour test of Phaseolus vulgaris L. J Seed Technol 7: 84–96

    Google Scholar 

  • Burgass RW, Powell AA (1984) Evidence for repair processes in the invigoration of seeds by hydration. Ann Bot 53: 753–757

    Google Scholar 

  • Bustamante L, Seddon RD, Rennie WJ (1984) Pea seed quality and seedling emergence in the field. Seed Sci Technol 12: 551–558

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman D, Wallach WFH (1968) Recent physical studies of phospholipids and natural membranes. In: Dennis Chapman (ed) Biological membranes — physical fact and function. Acad Press, New York, pp 139–144

    Google Scholar 

  • Cimino DG, Belcher EW (1986) Estimating tree seed viability by electromotive measurements. Seed Sci Technol 14: 169–175

    Google Scholar 

  • David R (1989) Dynamics of imbibition in Phaseolus vulgaris L. in relation to initial seed moisture content. Plant Physiol 89: 805–810

    Google Scholar 

  • Dearman J, Brocklehurst PA, Drew RLK (1986) Effect of osmotic priming and ageing on onion seed germination. Ann Appl Biol 108: 639–648

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Delmer DP (1979) Dimethyl sulfoxide as a potential tool for analysis of compartmentation in living plant cells. Plant Physiol 64: 623–629

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Don R, Rennie WJ, Tomlin MM (1981) A comparison of laboratory vigour test procedures for winter wheat seed samples. Seed Sci Technol 9: 641–653

    Google Scholar 

  • Duke SH, Kakefuda G (1981) Role of the testa in preventing cellular rupture during imbibition of legume seeds. Plant Physiol 67: 449–456

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis RH, Roberts EH (1980) Improved equations for the prediction of seed longevity. Ann Bot 45: 13–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Farrant JM, Pammenter NW, Berjak P (1986) The increasing desiccation sensitivity of recalcitrant Avicennia marina seeds with storage time. Physiol Plant 67: 291–298

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Farrant JM, Pammenter NW, Berjak P (1988) Recalcitrance — a current assessment. Seed Sci Technol 16: 155–166

    Google Scholar 

  • Farrant JM, Pammenter NW, Berjak P (1989) Germination-associated events and the desiccation sensitivity of recalcitrant seeds — a study on three related species. Planta 178: 189–198

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fensom DS (1985) Electrical and magnetic stimuli — hormonal regulation of development. In: Pharis RP, Reid DM (eds) Encyclopedia of plant physiology, vol 11. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 625–652

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson JM, Tekrony DM, Elgi DB (1990) Changes during early soybean seed and axes deterioration. I. Seed quality and mitochondrial respiration. Crop Sci 30: 175–179

    Google Scholar 

  • Fiala F (1987a) Handbook of vigour test methods, 2nd edn. Int Seed Testing Assoc, Zürich, Switzerland

    Google Scholar 

  • Fiala F (1987b) Report of the vigour test committee 1983–1986. Seed Sci Technol 15: 507–522

    Google Scholar 

  • Givelberg A, Horowitz M, Poljakoff-Mayber A (1984) Solute leakage from Solanum nigrum L. seeds exposed to high temperatures during imbibition. J Exp Bot 35: 1754–1763

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gorecki RJ, Harman GE (1987) Effects of antioxidants on viability and vigour of ageing pea seeds. Seed Sci Technol 15: 109–117

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gray D, Steckel JRA (1983) Freezing injury during seed germination: its influence on seedling emergence in the onion (Allium cepa). Seed Sci Technol 11: 317–322

    Google Scholar 

  • Halmer P, Bewley JD (1984) Physiological perspective on seed vigour testing. Seed Sci Technol 12: 561–575

    Google Scholar 

  • Hampton JG, Coolbear P (1990) Potential versus actual seed performance — can vigour testing provide an answer? Seed Sci Technol 18: 215–228

    Google Scholar 

  • Harman GE, Granett AL (1972) Deterioration of stored pea seeds; changes in germination, membrane permeability and ultrastructure resulting from infection by Aspergillus ruber and from ageing. Physiol Plant Pathol 2: 271–278

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hepburn HA, Powell AA, Matthews S (1984) Problems associated with the routine application of electrical conductivity measurements of individual seeds in the germination testing of peas and soybeans. Seed Sci Technol 12: 403–413

    Google Scholar 

  • Hepburn HA, Goodman BA, Mc Phail DB, Matthews S, Powell AA (1986) An evaluation of EPR measurements of individual seeds in the non-destructive testing of seed viability. J Exp Bot 37: 1675–1684

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herter U, Burris JS (1989) Evaluating drying injury on corn seed with a conductivity test. Seed Sci Technol 17: 625–638

    Google Scholar 

  • Heslehurst MR (1988) Quantifying initial quality and vigour of wheat seeds using regression analysis of conductivity and germination data from aged seeds. Seed Sci Technol 16: 75–85

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill HG, Taylor AG, Huang XL (1988) Seed viability determinations in cabbage using sinapine leakage and electrical conductivity measurements. J Exp Bot 39: 1439–1447

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holler FJ, Enke CJ (1984) Conductivity and conductometry. In: Kissinger PT, Heineman WR (eds) Laboratory techniques in electroanalytical chemistry. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 235–266

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoy DJ, Gamble EE (1985) The effect of seed size and seed density on germination and vigour of soybeans. Can J Plant Sci 65: 1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) (1985) International rules for seed testing. Seed Sci Technol 13: 356–513

    Google Scholar 

  • Kermode AR, Bewley JD (1986) Alteration of genetically regulated syntheses in seeds by desiccation. In: Leopold AC (ed) Membranes metabolism and dry organisms. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, pp 59–84

    Google Scholar 

  • Kermode AR, Bewley JD (1988) The role of maturation drying in the transition from seed development to germination. V. Responses of the immature castor bean embryo to isolation from the whole seed: a comparison with premature desiccation. J Exp Bot 39: 487–497

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • King MW, Roberts EH (1979) The storage of recalcitrant seeds. Report for the International Board for Plant Genetic Resources Secretariat, Rome, p 96

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuo WHT (1986) An improved electrical conductivity test for predicting viability of rice seeds. J Agric Assoc China 136: 1–5

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuo WHT (1989) Delayed permeability of soybean seeds: characteristics and screening methodology. Seed Sci Technol 17: 131–142

    Google Scholar 

  • Lange NA (1967) Handbook of chemistry. McGraw Hill, New York, pp 1222

    Google Scholar 

  • Leopold AC (1980) Temperature effect on soybean imbibition and leakage. Plant Physiol 65: 1096–1098

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lerner HR, Ben-Bassat D, Reinhold L, Poljakoff-Mayber A (1978) Induction of `pore’ formation in plant cell membranes by toluene. Plant Physiol 61: 213–217

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levengood WC, Bondie J, Chen C (1975) Seed selection for potential viability. J Exp Bot 26: 911–918

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levitt J (1980) Response of plants to environmental stresses, vol 2. Acad Press, London Linder P, Neumann E, Rosenheck K (1977) Kinetics of permeability changes induced by electric impulses in chromaffin granules. J Membr Biol 32: 231–254

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lindsay K, Jones MGK (1987) The permeability of electroporated cells and protoplasts of sugarbeet. Planta 172: 346–353

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lingane JJ (1958) Electroanalytical chemistry, 2nd edn. Wiley-Interscience, New York, p 669

    Google Scholar 

  • Lockwood GB (1984) Alkaloids of cell suspensions derived from four Papavar spp. and the effect of temperature stress. Z Pflanzenphysiol 114: 361–363

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loeffler TM, TeKrony DM, Egli DB (1988) The bulk conductivity test as an indicator of soybean seed quality. J Seed Technol 12:37–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Lynch DV, Steponkus PL (1987) Plasma membrane lipid alterations associated with cold acclimation of winter rye seedlings (Secale cereale L. cv. Puma ). Plant Physiol 83: 761–767

    Google Scholar 

  • Marshall AH, Naylor REL (1985) Seed vigour and field establishment in Italian ryegrass Lolium multiflorum Lam Seed Sci Technol 13: 781–794

    Google Scholar 

  • Matthews S (1985) Physiology of seed ageing. Outlook Agric 14: 89–94

    Google Scholar 

  • Matthews S, Bradnock WT (1967) The detection of seed samples of wrinkle-seeded peas (Pisum sativum L.) of potentially low planting value. Proc Int Seed Test Assoc 32: 553–563

    Google Scholar 

  • Matthews S, Bradnock WT (1968) Relationship between seed exudation and field emergence in peas and French beans. Hortic Res 8: 89–93

    Google Scholar 

  • Matthews S, Rogerson NE (1976) The influence of embryo condition on the leaching of solutes from pea seeds. J Exp Bot 27: 961–968

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McDaniels C (1983) Transport of ions and organic molecules. In: Evans DA, Sharp WR, Ammirato PV, Yamada Y (eds) Handbook of plant cell culture, vol 1. Techniques for propagation and breeding. MacMillan Co, New York, pp 696–714

    Google Scholar 

  • McDonald MB Jr, Wilson DO (1979) An assessment of the standardization and ability of the ASA-610 to rapidly predict potential of soybean germination. J Seed Technol 4: 1–11

    Google Scholar 

  • McDonald MB Jr, Wilson DO (1980) ASA 610 ability to detect changes in soybean seed quality. J Seed Technol 5: 56–66

    Google Scholar 

  • McKersie BD, Stinson RH (1980) Effect of dehydration on leakage and membrane structure in Lotus corniculatus ( L.) seeds. Plant Physiol 66: 316–320

    Google Scholar 

  • McKersie BD, Tomes DT (1980) Effects of dehydration treatments on germination, seedling vigour, and cytoplasmic leakage in wild oats and birsfoot trefoil. Can J Bot 58: 471–476

    Google Scholar 

  • McKersie BD, Lepock JR, Kruuv J, Thompson JE (1978) The effects of cotyledon senescence on the composition and physical properties of membrane lipid. Biochim Biophys Acta 508: 197–212

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moore FD, Jolliffe PA, Stanwood PC, Roos EE (1988) Use of the Richards function to interpret single seed conductivity data. HortScience 23: 396–398

    Google Scholar 

  • Mugnisjah WQ, Nakamura S (1986) Methanol and ethanol stress for seed vigour evaluation in soybean. Seed Sci Technol 14: 95–103

    Google Scholar 

  • Mullett JH (1978) Conductivity testing of bean seed. In: Ballentyne BJ (ed) Bean improvement Workshop, Department of Agriculture, NSW, Australia, pp 105–110

    Google Scholar 

  • Mullett JH, Wilkinson RI (1979) The relationship between amounts of electrolyte lost on leaching seeds of Pisum sativum and some parameters of plant growth. Seed Sci Technol 7: 393–398

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphy JB, Noland TL (1982) Temperature effects on seed imbibition and leakage mediated by viscosity and membranes. Plant Physiol 69: 428–431

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson 0E, Burr HS (1946) Growth correlates of electromotive forces in maize seeds. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 32: 73–84

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oliveira MA, Matthews S, Powell AA (1984) The role of split seed coats in determining vigour in commercial seed lots of soybean, as measured by the electrical conductivity test. Seed Sci Technol 12: 659–668

    Google Scholar 

  • Osborne DJ (1980) Senescence in seeds. In: Thimann KV (ed) Senescence in plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 13–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Pandey DK (1988 a) Electrolyte efflux into hot water as a test for predicting the germination and emergence of seeds. J Hortic Sci 63:601–604

    Google Scholar 

  • Pandey DK (1988 b) Priming induced repair in French bean seeds. Seed Sci Technol 16:527–532 Pandey DK (1989a) Ageing of French bean seeds at ambient temperature in relation to vigour and viability. Seed Sci Technol 17: 41–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Pandey DK (1989b) Priming induced alleviation of the effects of natural ageing derived selective leakage of constituends in French bean. Seed Sci Technol 17: 391–397

    Google Scholar 

  • Parrish DJ, Leopold AC (1978) On the mechanism of ageing in soybean seeds. Plant Physiol 61: 365–368

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pauls KP, Thompson JE (1980) In vitro stimulation of senescence-related membrane damage by ozone-induced lipid peroxidation. Nature 283: 504–506

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pauls KP, Thompson JE (1981) Effects of in vitro treatment with ozone on the physical and chemical properties of membranes. Physiol Plant 53: 255–262

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pauls KP, Thompson JE (1984) Evidence for the accumulation of peroxidized lipids in membranes of senescing cotyledons. Plant Physiol 75: 1152–1157

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Penny P, Penny D (1978) Rapid responses of phytohormones. In: Letham DS, Goodwin PB, Higgins TJV (eds) Phytohormones and related compounts: a comprehensive treatise, vol 2. Elsevier/North Holland, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Perl M, Feder Z (1983) Cotton seed quality predection with the automatic seed analyzer. Seed Sci Technol 11: 273–280

    Google Scholar 

  • Perry DA (1981) Handbook of vigour test methods. International Seed Testing Association, Zürich, Switzerland

    Google Scholar 

  • Perry DA (1984) Commentary on International Seed Testing Association Vigour Test Committee Collaborative Trials. Seed Sci Technol 12: 301–308

    Google Scholar 

  • Phodes D, Stewart GR (1974) A procedure for the in vivo determination of enzyme activity in higher plant tissue. Planta 118: 133–144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Powell AA (1986) Cell membranes and seed leachate conductivity in relation to the quality of seed for sowing. J Seed Technol 10: 81–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Powell AA (1989) The importance of genetically determined seed coat characteristics to seed quality in grain legumes. Ann Bot 63: 169–175

    Google Scholar 

  • Powell AA, Matthews S (1978) The damaging effect of water on dry pea embryos during imbibition. J Exp Bot 29: 1215–1229

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Powell AA, Matthews S (1979) The influence of testa condition on the imbibition and vigour of pea seeds. J Exp Bot 30: 193–197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Powell AA, Matthews S (1981) A physical explanation for solute leakage from dry pea embryos during imbibition. J Exp Bot 32: 1045–1050

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Powell AA, Matthews S, Oliveira MA (1984) Seed quality in grain legumes. Adv Appl Biol 10: 217–285

    Google Scholar 

  • Powell AA, Oliveira MA, Matthews S (1986) The role of imbibition damage in determining the vigour of white and coloured seed lots of dwarf French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). J Exp Bot 37: 716–722

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Priestley DA (1986) Seed ageing — implications for seed storage and persistence in the soil. Cornell University Press, Ithaca

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts DR, Dubroff EB, Thompson JE (1986) Exogenous polyamines alter membrane fluidity in bean leaves — a basis for potential misinterpretation of their true physiological role. Planta 167: 395–401

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts EH (1973) Predicting the storage life of seeds. Seed Sci Technol 1:499–514 Roberts EH, Black M (1989) Seed quality. Seed Sci Technol 17: 175–185

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts EH, Ellis RH (1984) The implications of the deterioration of orthodox seeds during storage for genetic resources conservation. In: Holden JHW, Williams JT (eds) Crop genetic resources conservation and evaluation. George, Allen and Unwin, London, pp 18–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts EH, Ellis RH (1989) Water and seed survival. Ann Bot 63: 39–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts EH, King MW (1980) Storage of recalcitrant seeds. In: Withers LA, Williams JT (eds) Crop genetic resources, the conservation of difficult material. IBPGR/IUBS Series B 42, pp 39–48

    Google Scholar 

  • Rolston MP (1978) Water impermeable seed dormancy. Bot Rev 44: 365–389

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Samad IMA, Pearce RS (1978) Leaching of ions, organic molecules, and enzymes from seeds of peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) imbibing without testas or with intact testas. J Exp Bot 29: 1471–1478

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt DH, Tracy WF (1988) Endosperm type, inbred background, and leakage of seed electrolytes during imbibition in sweet corn. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 113: 269–272

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt DH, Tracy WF (1989) Duration of imbibition affects seed leachate conductivity in sweet corn. HortScience 24: 346–347

    Google Scholar 

  • Senaratna T, Gusse JF, McKersie BD (1988) Age-induced changes in cellular membranes of imbibed soybean seed axes. Physiol Plant 73: 85–91

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seyedin N, Burris JS, Flynn TE (1984) Physiological studies on the effects of drying temperatures on corn seed quality. Can J Plant Sci 64: 497–504

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sheppard SC, Alder V, Evender NG, Rossnagel BG (1989) Relationship between seed vigour and sensitivity of ionizing radiation. Seed Sci Technol 17: 205–222

    Google Scholar 

  • Siddique MA, Goodwin PB (1985) Conductivity measurements on single seeds to predict the germinability of French beans. Seed Sci Technol 13: 643–652

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon EW (1984) Early events in germination. In: Murray DR (ed) Seed physiology, vol 2. Germination and reserve mobilization. Acad Press, Australia, pp 77–115

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon EW, Raja Harun RM (1972) Leakage during seed imbibition. J Exp Bot 23: 1076–1085

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singer S, Nicholson G (1972) The fluid mosaic model of the structure of cell membranes. Science 175: 720–731

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith AJ, Grabe DF (1985) Radiographic density measurements for determination of viability and vigour in corn (Zea mays) seeds. Seed Sci Technol 13: 759–768

    Google Scholar 

  • Steere WC, Levengood WC, Bondi JM (1981) An electronic analyzer for evaluating seed germination and vigour. Seed Sci Technol 9: 567–576

    Google Scholar 

  • Steponkus PL (1984) Role of plasma membrane in freezing injury and cold acclimation. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 35: 543–584

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Styer RC, Cantliffe DJO (1983) Changes in seed structure and composition during development and their effects on leakage in two endosperm mutants of sweet corn. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 108: 721–728

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka H, Hirao C, Semba H, Tozawa Y, Ohmomo S (1985) Release of intracellularly stored 5-phosphodiesterase with preserved cell viability. Biotechnol Bioeng 27: 890–892

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tao KLJ (1978) Factors causing variations in conductivity test for soybean seeds. J Seed Technol 3: 10–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas CA (1960) Permeability measurements of castor-bean seeds indicative of cold-test performance. Science 131: 1045–1046

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thornton JM, Powell AA, Matthews S (1990) Investigation of the relationship between seed leachate conductivity and the germination of Brassica seed. Ann Appl Biol 117: 129–135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tilden RL, West SH (1985) Reversal of the effects of ageing in soybean seeds. Plant Physiol 77: 584–586

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tracy WF, Juvik JA (1988) Electrolyte leakage and seed quality in shrunken-2 maize selected for improved field emergence. HortScience 23: 391–392

    Google Scholar 

  • Tran VN, Cavanagh AK (1984) Structural aspects of dormancy. In: Murray DR (ed) Seed Physiology, vol 2. Germination and reserve mobilization. Acad Press, Australia, pp 1–44

    Google Scholar 

  • US Salinity Laboratory Staff (1954) Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils. US Dep Agric Handb 60, 160 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Vertucci CW (1989) Relationship between thermal transitions and freezing injury in pea and soybean seeds. Plant Physiol 90: 1121–1128

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wann EV (1986) Leaching of metabolites during imbibition of sweet corn. Crop Sci 26:731–733 Waters L, Blanchette B (1983) Prediction of sweet corn (Zea mays) field emergence by conductivity and cold tests. J Am Hortic Sci Soc 108: 778–781

    Google Scholar 

  • Weaver JC, Powell KT, Mintzer RA, Sloan SR, Ling H (1984) The diffusive permeability of bilayer membranes: the contribution of transient aqueous pores. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 12: 405–412

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Willard HH, Merritt LL Jr, Dean JA (1974) Conductance methods. Instrumental methods of analysis, 5th edn. Litton Educational Publ, New York, pp 740–770

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson DO Jr, McDonald MB Jr (1986) The lipid peroxidation model of seed ageing. Seed Sci Technol 14: 269–300

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yaklick RW, Kulik MM, Anderson JD (1979) Evaluation of vigour tests in soybean seeds: relationship of ATP, conductivity and radioactive tracer multiple criteria laboratory tests to field performance. Crop Sci 19: 806–810

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida S, Niki T (1979) Cell membrane permeability and respiratory activity in chilling-stressed callus. Plant Cell Physiol 20: 1237–1242

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman U, Pilwat G, Riemann F (1974) Reversible dielectric breakdown of cell membranes by electrostatic fields. Z Naturforsch 29b: 304–305

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1992 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pandey, D.K. (1992). Conductivity Testing of Seeds. In: Linskens, H.F., Jackson, J.F. (eds) Seed Analysis. Modern Methods of Plant Analysis, vol 14. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-01639-8_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-01639-8_14

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-01641-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-01639-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics