How to Process By-Products and Wastes

Abstract

More and more stringent clean water and clean air legislation has also changed the general attitude with respect to byproducts and pollutants from industrial premises. Whereas until less than two decades ago, attention was focussed mainly on the most cost-effective production of marketable byproducts such as sulfur, tar and oil products, phenols and ammonia, priority today is not under all circumstances on the cost-effectiveness of the respective processes. Owing to rigorous limits on pollutant contents in waste gases and waste water, the residual byproduct and pollutant contents in the effluent streams play at least as big a role as the percentage to which valuable products can be recovered.