Skip to main content

Usefulness of Electron Microscopy

  • Chapter
Physics of New Materials

Part of the book series: Springer Series in ((SSMATERIALS,volume 27))

Abstract

Electron microscopy is the most effective technique to obtain directly and dynamically topographic information in the atomic scale, and results in the sensation of both “seeing is believing” and “the materials are living”. In the present paper, usefulness and applications of electron microscopy to materials science are discussed from the following two viewpoints, i.e., high-resolution electron microscopy and high-voltage electron microscopy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. H. Fujita: Materials Trans. JIM 31, 523–537 (1990)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. R.D. Heidenreich: Fundamentals of Transmission Electron Microscopy (Interscience, New York 1964)

    Google Scholar 

  3. P.B. Hirsch, A. Howie, R.B. Nicholson, D.W. Pashley, M.J. Whelan (eds.): Electron Microscopy of Thin Crystals, 2nd edn. (Krieger, New York 1977)

    Google Scholar 

  4. S. Amelinckx, R. Gevers, G. Remaut, J. Van Landuyt (eds.): Modern Diffraction and Imaging Techniques in Material Science, 2nd edn. (North-Holland, Amsterdam 1979)

    Google Scholar 

  5. U. Valdré (ed.): Electron Microscopy in Material Science (Academic, New York 1971)

    Google Scholar 

  6. U. Valdré, E. Ruedl (eds.): Electron Microscopy in Materials Science, Part I-IV (The European Communities, Luxembourg 1975)

    Google Scholar 

  7. G. Thomas, M.J. Goringe: Transmission Electron Microscopy of Materials (Wiley, New York 1979)

    Google Scholar 

  8. J.M. Cowley: Diffraction Physics, 2nd edn. (North-Holland, Amsterdam 1981)

    Google Scholar 

  9. R. Uyeda: Acta Cryst. A24, 175–181 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  10. A. Howie: The theory of high energy electron diffraction, in Modern Diffraction and Imaging Techniques in Material Science, ed. by Amelinckx, 2nd edn. (North-Holland, Amsterdam 1979) pp. 295–339

    Google Scholar 

  11. A. Howie, M.J. Whelan: Proc. Roy. Soc. London A263, 217–235 (1961)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. N. Kato: Acta Cryst. 16, 276–281 (1963); ibid 282-290

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. H.A. Bethe: Ann. Phys. 87, 55–129 (1928)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. C.H. MacGillavry: Physica 7, 329–343 (1940)

    Article  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  15. R.D. Heidenreich: J. Appl. Phys. 20, 993–1010 (1949)

    Article  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  16. N. Kato: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 7, 397–406 (1952); ibid 406-14

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. H. Hashimoto, A. Howie, M.J. Whelan: Proc. Roy. Soc. London A269, 80–103 (1962)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. A. Howie, M.J. Whelan: Proc. Roy. Soc. London A267, 206–230 (1962)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. M.F. Ashby, L.M. Brown: Phil. Mag. 8, 1083–1103 (1963)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. F. Nagata, A. Fukuhara: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 6, 1233–1235 (1967)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. J.S. Lally, C.J. Humphreys, AJ.F. Metherell, R.M. Fisher: Phil. Mag. 25, 321–343 (1972)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. C.J. Humphreys, L.E. Thomas, J.S. Lally, R.M. Fisher: Phil. Mag. 23, 87–114 (1971)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. F. Fujimoto, N. Sumida, H. Fujita: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 42, 1274–1281 (1977)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. H. Hashimoto: Jernkont Ann. 155, 480–490 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  25. H. Hashimoto, R. Uyeda: Acta Cryst. 10, 143 (1957)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. G.A. Bassett, J.W. Menter, D.W. Pashley: Proc. Roy. Soc. London A246, 345–368 (1958)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. H. Hashimoto, M. Mannami, T. Naiki: Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A253, 490–516 (1961)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. H. Hashimoto, M. Mannami, T. Naiki: Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A253, 459–489 (1961)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. S. Miyake, K. Fujiwara, M. Tokonami, F. Fujimoto: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 3, 276–285 (1964)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. J.C.H. Spence: Experimental High-Resolution Electron Microscopy (Clarendon, Oxford 1981)

    Google Scholar 

  31. S. Horiuchi: High-Resolution Electron Microscopy–Principle and Application (Kyoritsu, Tokyo 1987) (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  32. J.W. Cowley, A.F. Moodie: Acta Cryst. 10, 609–619 (1957)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  33. K. Ishizuka, N. Uyeda: Acta Cryst. A33, 740–749 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  34. D. Van Dyck, W. Coene: Ultramicroscopy 15, 29–40, 41-50, 287-300 (1984)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. D.J.H. Cockayne, I.L.F. Ray, M.J. Whelan: Phil. Mag. 20, 1265–1270 (1969)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. D.J.H. Cockayne: Z. Naturforsch. 27a, 452–60 (1972)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. D.J.H. Cockayne: J. Microsc. 98, 116–134 (1973)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. K. Lonsdale: Proc. Roy. Soc. London A179, 315–320 (1942)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. T. Evans, C. Phaal: Proc. Roy. Soc. London A270, 538–552 (1962)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. G.S. Woods: Phil. Mag. 34, 993–1012 (1976)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  41. A.R. Lang: Phil. Mag. 36, 495–500 (1977)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  42. N. Sumida, A.R. Lang: Proc. Roy. Soc. London A419, 235–257 (1988)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  43. N. Sumida, A.R. Lang: J. Appl. Cryst. 15, 266–274 (1982)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. I.L.F. Ray, D.J.H. Cockayne: Proc. Roy. Soc. London A325, 543–554 (1971)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  45. I.L.F. Ray, R.C. Crawford, D.J.H. Cockayne: Phil. Mag. 21, 1027–1032 (1970)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  46. R.C. Crawford, I.L.F. Ray, D.J.H. Cockayne: Phil. Mag. 27, 1–7 (1973); J. Micros. 98, 196-199 (1973)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  47. A.T. Winter, S. Mahajan, D. Brasen: Phil. Mag. A37, 315–326 (1978)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  48. P. Pirouz, D.J.H. Cockayne, N. Sumida, P.B. Hirsch, A.R. Lang: Proc. Roy. Soc. London A386, 241–249 (1983)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  49. D.W. Pashley, J.W. Menter, G.A. Bassett: Nature 179, 752–755 (1957)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  50. A.R. Lang: Nature 220, 652–657 (1968)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  51. L.A. Bursill, J.L. Hutchison, N. Sumida, A.R. Lang: Nature 292, 518–520 (1981)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  52. J.C. Barry, L.A. Bursill, J.L. Hutchison: Phil. Mag. A51, 15–49 (1985)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  53. P. Humble, J.K. Mackenzie, A. Olsen: Phil. Mag. A52, 605–621 (1985)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  54. P. Humble, D.F. Lynch, A. Olsen: Phil. Mag. A52, 623–641 (1985)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  55. R.F. Stephenson: The Partial Dissociation of Nitrogen Aggregates in Diamond by High Temperature-High Pressure Treatments. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Reading (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  56. J. Maguire: Platelets and Voidites in Diamond. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Reading (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  57. J.C. Barry, L.A. Bursill, J.L. Hutchison, A.R. Lang, G.M. Rackham, N. Sumida: Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A321, 361–401 (1987)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  58. P.B. Hirsch, P. Pirouz, J.C. Barry: Proc. Roy. Soc. London A407, 239–258 (1986)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  59. P.B. Hirsch, J.L. Hutchison, J. Titchmarsh: Phil. Mag. A54, L49–L54 (1986)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  60. J.L. Hutchison, L.A. Bursill: J. Micros. 131, 63–66 (1983)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. J.C. Barry: Ultramicroscopy 20, 169–176 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. N. Sumida, J.L. Hutchison, P.B. Hirsch: Proc. Diamond Conf. (Oxford 1987) pp. 79-81

    Google Scholar 

  63. G.S. Woods: Proc. Roy. Soc. London A407, 219–238 (1986)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  64. T. Evans, G.S. Woods: Phil. Mag. 55, 295–299 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  65. T. Mishima, N. Sumida, H. Fujita: Proc. 11th Int’l. Cong. on EM (Kyoto 1986) pp. 995-996

    Google Scholar 

  66. N. Sumida, T. Mishima, H. Fujita: J. Jpn. Inst. Metals 54, 1302–1307 (1990) (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  67. E. Taguchi, N. Sumida, H. Fujita: J. Elect. Microsc. 39, 164–167 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  68. F. Thon: Phase contrast electron microscopy, in Electron Microscopy in Materials Science, ed. by U. Valdré (Academic, New York 1971) pp. 571–625

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  69. Y. Hirotsu, R. Akada: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 23, L479–L481 (1984)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  70. T. Hamada, F.E. Fujita: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 25, 318–327 (1986)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  71. T. Sakata, H. Fujita, N. Sumida: Proc. 11th Int’l. Cong. on EM (Kyoto 1986) pp. 1545-1546

    Google Scholar 

  72. T. Sakata, N. Sumida, H. Fujita: Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser., No. 90 (IOP, Bristol 1987) pp. 171-174

    Google Scholar 

  73. T. Sakata, N. Sumida, H. Fujita: J. Jpn. Inst. Metals 54, 495–501 (1990) (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  74. G. Thomas, H. Mori, H. Fujita, R. Sinclair: Scr. Metall. 16, 589–592 (1982)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. S. Iijima, T. Ichihashi: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 24, L125–L128 (1985)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  76. M. Mitome, Y. Tanishiro, K. Takayanagi: Z. Phys. D 12, 45–51 (1989)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  77. T. Sakata, N. Sumida: to be published

    Google Scholar 

  78. C. Lu, H. Fujita: J. Elect. Microsc. 39, 412–416 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  79. N. Sumida, H. Fujita: to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  80. H. Fujita, T. Taoka and NRIM 500 kV EM Group: J. Elect. Microsc. 14, 307–308 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  81. H. Fujita: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 5, 729 (1969)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  82. H. Fujita: J. Phys. Soc. Japan 21, 1605 (1966)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  83. H. Fujita, Y. Kawasaki, E. Furubayashi, S. Kajiwara: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 11, 214–230 (1972)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. H. Fujita, T. Tabata, K. Yoshida, N. Sumida, K. Katagiri: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 11, 1522–1536 (1972)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  85. H. Fujita: J. Elect. Microsc. Techn. 3, 243–304 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. H. Fujita: J. Elect. Microsc. Techn. 12, 201–218 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. T. Tabata, H. Mori, H. Fujita: J. Phys. Soc. Japan 40, 1103–1111 (1976)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  88. H. Fujita: Proc. 11th Int’l. Cong. on EM (Kyoto 1986) pp. 1025-1030

    Google Scholar 

  89. H. Fujita: ISIJ, International 30, 70–81 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. H. Fujita: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 26, 331–338 (1969)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  91. H. Fujita: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn 26, 1437–1445 (1969)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  92. H. Fujita: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 16, 396–406 (1961)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  93. H. Fujita: J. Elect. Microsc. Techn. 3, 45–56 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. H. Fujita, S. Kimura: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 52, 157–167 (1983)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  95. H. Fujita, H. Mori: Trans. JIM. 29 (suppl.), 37–40 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  96. H. Mori, H. Fujita: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 21, L494–L496 (1982)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  97. H. Fujita: Advanced Materials-II (The Joint Committee for Advanced Materials Research under the Auspieces of the Jpn. Soc. of Appl. Phys., the Ceramics Soc. Jpn. and Jpn. Inst. of Metals, 1990) pp. 113-122

    Google Scholar 

  98. H. Fujita: Ultramicroscopy, 39, 369–381 (1991)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. H. Fujita: Trans. Materials Research Soc. Jpn. 2, 38–50 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Fujita, H., Sumida, N. (1994). Usefulness of Electron Microscopy. In: Fujita, F.E. (eds) Physics of New Materials. Springer Series in Materials Science , vol 27. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-00461-6_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-00461-6_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-00463-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-00461-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics