Skip to main content

Neuro-psychiatric Disorders in Prisoners-of-War

  • Chapter
  • 72 Accesses

Part of the book series: Psychiatrie der Gegenwart ((2042,volume 3))

Abstract

Under conditions of war sections of populations whether civilian or military are invariably placed under severe physical and psychological stresses. Acute stress is usually caused by enemy action, but more serious perhaps, are the results of prolonged privation and emotional tension, which may result from disorganization of all aspects of a civilized community life either fortuitously or from measures planned to force obedience an a population such as prison, internment and forced labour camps.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adolph, W. H., A. V. Greaves, J. C. Lawneyand H. L. Robinson: Nutritional disorders in Japanese internment camps. War Med. (Chicago) 5, 349–355 (1944).

    Google Scholar 

  • Alam, M., and F. H. Smirk: Observations in man concerning effects of different types of sensory stimulation upon blood pressure. Clin. Sci. 3, 253–258 (1938).

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, L.: Wernicke’sdisease: identity of lesions produced experimentally by Bl-avitaminosis in pigeons with hemorrhagic polioencephalitis occurring in chronic alcholism in man. Amer. J. Path. 16, 61–70 (1940).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, L., M. Pijoanand A. Myerson: Beni beri and scurvy — an experimental study. Trans. Amer. Neurol. Ass. 64, 135–139 (1938).

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, L. A. P., A. Howardand J. L. Simonsen: Studies in lathyrism. Ind. J. Med. Res. 12, 613–643 (1925).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bälz, E.: Über das Verhältnis der multiplen peripherischen Neuritis zur Beriberi (Pan-neuritis endemica). Z. klin. Med. 4, 616 (1882) (quoted by BÄLZ and MIURA, 1905 ).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bälz, E., and K. Miura: Handbuch der Tropenkrankheiten. Vol. 2, p. 140. Leipzig: Barth 1905.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bender, L., and P. Schilder: Encephalopathia alcoholica: polioencephalitis haemorrhagica superior of Wernicke. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. (Chicago) 29, 990–1053 (1933).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berkwitz, N. J., and N. H. Lufkin: Toxic neuritis of pregnancy: clinicopathological report. Surg. Gynec. Obstet. 54, 743–757 (1932).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bietti, A.: tJber Augenveränderungen bei Pellagra. Klin. Mbl. Augenheilk. 31, 337–350, 450–462 (1901); (quoted by DENNY-BROWN, 1947 ).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bodechtel, G., and O. Gagel: Die Histopathologie der „vegativen“ Kerne des menschlichen Zwischenhirns am Beispiel der tuberkulösen Meningitis und Polioencephalitis. Z. ges. Neurol. Psychiat. 132, 755–791 (1931).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bontius, J.: „De Medicina Indiorum“. Chapter 16 (quoted by DENNY-BROWN 1948) from a translation, J.: „De Medicina Indiorum”. Chapter 16 (quoted by DENNY-BROWN 1948) from a translation “An account of the diseases,natural history and medicines of the East Indies”. London 1769. T. Noteman 1642.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, E.: Erythromelalgia and other disturbances of extremities accompanied by vasodilation and burning. Amer. J. med. Sci. 183, 468–485 (1932).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, W. H., and J. F. Mccreary: Report to the military members of the standing committee on nutrition. Ottawa 1943.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, A. C. P., and W. R. Russell’ Wernicke’sencephalopathy: clinical features and their relation to vitamin B deficiency. Quart. J. Med. 10, 41–64 (1941).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chardon, M.: De l’acrodyne. Rev. Méd. Franç. Etr. 3, 51–74. 374–396 (1830) (quoted by Denny-Brown, 1947 ).

    Google Scholar 

  • Church, C. F.: Functional studies of the nervous system in experimental beriberi. Amer. J. Physiol. 3, 660–680 (1935).

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, C. A., and I. B. Sneddon: Nutritional neuropathy in prisoners-of-war and internees from Hong Kong. Lancet 1946I, 734–737.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cleckley, H. M., V. P. Sydenstrickerand L. E. Geeslin: Nicotinic acid in treatment of a typical psychotic states associated with malnutrition. J. Amer. med. Ass. 112, 2107–2110 (1939).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Craig, W. Mck., and B. T. Horton: Diagnosis and treatment of vascular disorders of the extremities. Surg. clin. N. Amer. 18, 899–984 (1938).

    Google Scholar 

  • Creutzfeldt, H. G.: Hirnveränderungenbei Gewohnheitstrinkern. Zbl. ges. Neurol. Psychiat. 50, 321 (1928).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cruickshank, E. K. Painful feet in prisoners-of-war in the Far East; review of 500 cases. Lancet 1946II 369–372.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cruickshank, E. K.: Wernicke’s encephalopathy. Quart. J. Med. (N. S.) 19, 327–337 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cruickshank, E. K.: Nutritional neuropathies. Vitam. and Horm. 10, 1–45 (1952).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, D. R.: Studies of under nutrition, Wuppertal 1940–1949. Medical Research Council, Special Report: Series No. 275, p. 147 (1951).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Denny-Brown, D.: Neurological conditions resulting from prolonged and severe dietary restriction. Medicine 26, 41–113 (1947).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ecker, A. D., and H. W. WOLTMAN: Is nutritional deficiency basis of WERNICKE’s disease ? Report of a case. J. Amer. med. Ass. 112, 1794–1796 (1939).

    Google Scholar 

  • EKBOM, K. A.: Restless legs. Acta med. scand. Suppl. 158, 1–123 (1945).

    Google Scholar 

  • Faust, C.: Drei Fälle von Lathyrismus. Dtsch. med. Wschr. 72 122–123 (1947). —

    Google Scholar 

  • Faust, C.: Ein diagnostischer und therapeutischer Beitrag zum Lathyrismus. Südwestdtsch. Ärztebl. 1947, 88–89 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, M.: Residual neuropathological changes in Canadians held prisoners-of-war by Japanese. (STRACHAN’s disease). 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fiimerola, G., and C. F. Zanelli: Anatomische experimentelle Forschungen über den Lathyrismus. Arch. Psychiat. Nervenkr. 54, 489–536 (1914) (quoted bei DENNY-BROWN, 1947 ).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gamper, E.: Zur Frage der Polioencephalitis haemorrhagica der chronischen Alkoholiker. Anatomische Befunde beim Korsakow und ihre Beziehungen zum klinischen Bild. Dtsch. Z. Nervenheilk. 102, 122–129 (1928).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gopalan, C.: “Burning feet” syndrome. Indian Med. Gaz. 81, 22–26 (1946).

    Google Scholar 

  • Grande Covian, F., and F. JimenezGarcia: Lactacidaemia y pruebas de sobrecarga de lactato en patientes. carencides de Madrid Rev. clin. esp. 5, 29–32 (1942).

    Google Scholar 

  • Graes, P. R.: Pellagrous encephalopathy. Brit. med. J. 1947I, 253–256.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reen, R. G.: Rep. Minnesota Wildlife Dis. Invest. 2, 106 (1936).

    Google Scholar 

  • quotedby Green, CARlSON and EVANS, 1942).

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, R. G., W. E. Carlsonand C. A. Evans: The inactivation of vitamin Bl in diets containing whole fish. J. Nutrit. 23, 165–174 (1942).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grierson, J.: On the burning of the feet of natives. Trans. Med. Physic. Soc. (Calcutta) 2, 275–281 (1826) (quoted by DENNY-BROWN, 1947 ).

    Google Scholar 

  • Guillain, G., I. Bertrand, P.Mollaretand J. Lereboullet: Etude anatomique d’un cas français de pellagre avec paraplégie. Bull. soc. méd. Hôp. Paris 50, 650–657 (1934).

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, G. F.: Nutritional deficiency, painful feet, high blood pressure in Hong Kong. Lancet 19461, 961–964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Helwig-Larsen, P., H. Hoffmeyer, J. Kieler, E. H. Thaysen, J. H. Thaysen, P. Thygesen and M. H. Wulff: Famine and disease in German concentration camps, complications and sequels. Acta med. scand. Suppl. 274, 362–414 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hepburn,H.H.: Clinical analysis of 100 cases of early beriberi. Brit. Med. J. 19201, 466. — Hobbs, H. E., and F. A. FORBES: Visual defects in prisoners-of-war from the Far East. Lancet 19461I, 149–153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hori (1887) (quoted by KAGAWA, 1938).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, C. A.: Jittery legs and happy feet. Brit. med. J. 1946I, 505.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacoräus, H.: Über einen Fall von Polioencephalitis haemorrhagica superior (Wernicke). Dtsch. Z. Nervenheilk. 5, 334–350 (1894) (quoted by ECKER, 1939 ).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jolliffe, N., K. M. Bowman, L. A. Rusenblimand H. D. Fein: Nicotinic acid deficiency encephalopathy. J. Amer. med. Ass. 114, 307–312 (1940).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jolliffe, N., C. N. Colbertand P. M. Joffe: Observations on the etiologic relationship of vitamin B (B1) to polyneuritis in alcohol addicts. Amer. J. med. Sci. 191, 515–526 (1936).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jolliffe, N., H. Wortisand H. D. Fein: Wernicke syndrome. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. (Chicago) 46, 569–597 (1941).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kagawa, S.: Studies on the relation of neuritis axialis to Beriberi in Japan. Jap. J. med. Sci. Section VIII. 5, 1–16, 17–41, 43–60 (1938) (quoted by DENNY-BROWN, 1947 ).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kant, F.: Die Pseudoencephalitis Wernicke des Alkoholikers. (Polioencephalitis haemorrhagica superior acuta.) Ein Beitrag zur Klinik der Alkoholpsychosen. Arch. Psychiat. Nervenkr. 98, 702–768 (1932).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keys, A., H. L. Taylor, O. Mickeslen, A. Hensclesand J. Brozek: Rehabilitation following experimental starvation in man. Univ. of Minnesota 1946.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuilman, J.: ( Quoted in DENNY-BROWNS report to the War Office on neurological conditions resulting from captivity. November 1945 ).

    Google Scholar 

  • Landor, J. V., and R. A. PALLISTER: Avitanimous B2. Trans. roy. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. 29, 121–134 (1935).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, T.: Vascular disorders of the limbs. London: p. 111. Macmillan 1936. — LEWIS, T.: Pain. p. 192. London: Macmillan 1942.

    Google Scholar 

  • Little, T.M. jr.: Beriberi. J. Amer. med. Ass. 63, 1287–1290 (1914).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lombroso, C.: Trattato profillatico e clinico della pellagra. 1892. (quoted by DENNY-Brown, 1947 ).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mainzer, F., and M. KRAUSE: Nicotinic acid in treatment of delirium tremens. Brit. med.1939II, 331–332.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malcolmson, J. G.: Practical essay on the history and treatment of beriberi. Madras. (quoted by VEDDER, 1938 ).

    Google Scholar 

  • May, A. M.: Use of nicotinic acid in vitamin deficiency psychosis associated with alcholism. Med. Rec. 150, 162 (1939).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mertens, H.-G.: Zur Klinik des Lathyrismus. Nervenarzt 18, 496–499 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  • Metivier, V. M.: Eye disease due to vitamin deficiency in Trinidad. Amer. J. Opthal. 24, 1265–1280 (1941).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, D. G. F.: Retrobulbar neuritis and partial optic atrophy as sequelae to avitaminosis. Ann trop. Med. 28, 295–303 (1934).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, D. G. F.: Nutritional retrobulbar neuropathy followed by partial optic atrophy. Lancet I 1225–1227 (1937 a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, D. G. F.: Retro-bulbar neuritis cum avitaminosis. West. Mr. med. J. 9, 35–40 (1937b).

    Google Scholar 

  • NeubÜRger, K.: Über Hirnveränderungen nach AlkoholmiBbrauch (unter Berücksichtigung einiger Fälle von Wernickescher Krankheit mit anderer Ätiologie. Z. ges. Neurol. Psychiat. 135, 159–209 (1931).

    Google Scholar 

  • NeubÜRger, K.: Wernickesche Krankheit bei chronischer Gastritis. Ein Beitrag zu den Beziehungen zwischen Magen und Gehirn. Z. ges. Neurol. Psychiat. 160, 208–225 (1937).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Orkuma, T.: Zur pathologischen Anatomie des chronischen Alkoholismus. Z. ges. Neurol. Psychiat. 126, 94–128 (1930).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Page, J. A.: Painful feet syndrome among prisoners-of-war in the Far East. Brit. med. J. 1946I1, 260–262.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pappenheimer, A M, and M. Goettscr: Cerebellar disorders in chicks, apparently of nutritional origin. J. exp. Med. 53, 11–26 (1931).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pekelharing, C. A., and C. WINKLER: Mittheilung über die Beriberi. Dtsch. med. Wschr. 13, 845–848 (1887).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peraita, M.: Neuropathien infolge mangelhafter Ernährung. Arch. Psychiat. Nervenkr. 114, 611–648 (1942).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peraita, M.: Deficiency neuropathies observed in Madrid during Civil War (1936–1939). Brit. med. J. 1946 II 784.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ponseti, I. V.: Lesions of skeleton and other mesodermal tissues of rats fed sweet-pea (Lathyrus odoratus) seeds. J. Bone Jt. Surg. 36 a, 1031 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Prickett, C. O.: Effect of deficiency of vitamin Bi upon central and peripheral nervous systems of rat. Amer. J. Physiol. 107, 459–470 (1934).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Proust, M. A.: Du lathyrisme médullaire spasmodique. Bull. acad. méd. Paris 12, 829–859, and discussion by BOYLEY and others, pp. 866–875, 882–912, 916 (1883) (quoted by Denny-, 1947 ).

    Google Scholar 

  • Raadt, O. L. E. DE: Pellagra in the oto-neurology and rhino-laryngology. Thesis. Leiden. (quoted by SMITSKAMP, 1947 ).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ransome, G. A.: Neurological signs in riboflavin and allied deficiences. Brit. med. J. 19441I, 637.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ranson, S. W., and P. R. Billingsley: New evidence in favor of a chief vaso-constrictor center in the brain: studies in vasomotor reflex arcs. IV. Amer J Physiol. 42, 1–8 (1916).

    Google Scholar 

  • Riddell, J. D., C. H. Smitiiand P. G. Igavarade: Beriberi at U. S. Army Base Hospital San Juan Porto Rico laboratory investigational and clinical manifestations of 60 cases. J. Amer. med. Ass. 72, 569 (1919).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scheube, B.: Die Beriberi-Krankheit. p. 228. Jena: Fischer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schretzenmayr, A.: Die Beriberi des Menschen. Ergebn. inn. Med. Kinderheilk. 60, 314–366 (1941).

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott, H. H.: An investigation into an outbreak of “central neuritis”. Ann. trop. Med. Parasitol. 12, 109–196 (1918).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sebrell, W. H., and R. E. Butler: Riboflavin deficiency in man. U. S. Pub. Health Service. Pub. Hlth. Rep. 53, 2282–2284 (1938).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shah, S. R. A.: Note on some cases of lathyrism in a Punjab village. Indian Med. Gaz. 74, 385–388 (1939).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharples,L. R.: The condition of “burning feet” or “foot burning” in labourers on sugar plantations in the Corentyne district of British Guiana. J. trop. Med. Hyg. 32, 358–360 (1929).

    Google Scholar 

  • Shat-Tuck, G. C.: Relation of beriberi to polyneuritis of other causes. Amer. J. trop. Med. 8, 539 543 (1928).

    Google Scholar 

  • Shimazono, J.: B-avitaminose und Beriberi. (Mit Bemerkungen zur alimentären Anämie, Veränderung der Nervensubstanz durch Aufbrauch und zur zentralen Wirkung der Schilddrüsensubstanz usw.). Ergebn. inn. Med. Kinderheilk. 39, 1–68 (1931).

    Google Scholar 

  • Snourie

    Google Scholar 

  • L.: An outbreak of lathyrism in central India. Ind. J. Med. Res. 33, 239–247 (1945) (quoted by Denny-Brown, 1947 ).

    Google Scholar 

  • Simpson, J.: “Burning feet” in British prisoners-of-war in the Far East. Lancet 1946I, 959–961

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, D. A.: Nutritional neuropathies in civilian internment camp Hong-Kong January 1942—August 1945. Brain 69, 209–222 (1946).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smitskamp, H.: A neurovascular syndrome related to vitamin deficiency. p. 114. Amsterdam: Scheltema & Holkema 1947.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spillane, J. D., and G. I. Scott: Observed neuropathy in Middle East; report on 112 cases in prisoners-of-war camps. Lancet 1945II 261–264.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spillane, J. D.: Nutritional disorders of the nervous system. Edinburgh: Livingstone 1947.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sprawson, C. A.: Beriberi in the Mesopotamian forces. Quart. J. Med. 13, 337–355 (1920).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stannus, H. S.: Pellagra in Nyasaland. Trans. roy. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. 5 (1911/12). —Stannus, H. S.: Jittery legs and burning feet. Brit. med. J. 1946II, 63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, M. B., and McdonaldW. J.: Polyneuritis of pregnancy—dietary deficiency disorder. J. Amer. med. Ass. 100, 1320–1323 (1933).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sydenstricker, V. P.: Neurological complications of malnutrition: “psychic” manifestations of nicotinic acid deficiency. Proc. roy. Soc. Med. 36, 169–171 (1943).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka, T.: So-called breast milk intoxication. Amer. J. Dis. Child. 47, 1286–1298 (1934).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tillman, A. J. B.: Two fatal cases of hyperemesis gravidarum with retinal haemorrhages. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 27, 240–247 (1934).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ungley, C. C., G. D. Channelland R. L. Richards: Immersion foot syndrome. Brit. J. Surg. 33, 17–31 (1945).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vedder, E. B.: Beriberi. John Bale, Sons & Danielsson. London 1913.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vedder, E. B.: The pathology of beriberi. J. Amer. med. Ass. 110, 893–896 (1938).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vidal, E.: Acrodynie. Dictionnaire encyclopédique des sciences médicales. Vol. 1. p. 654 (1864) (quoted by Dennybrown, 1947 ).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagener, H. P., and J. F. Weir: Ocular lesions associated with postoperative and gestational nutritional deficiency. Amer. J. Ophthal. 20, 253–259 (1937).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wardener, H. E. De, and B. Lexxox: Cerebral beriberi (WERNECKE’S encephalopathy): review of 52 cases in Singapore prisoners-of-war hospital. Lancet 1947I, 11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waking, E. J.: Notes on the affection called “burning feet”. Madras Quart. J. med. Sci. 1, 300–306 (1860) (quoted by DENNYBROWN, 1947 ).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wechsler, E. J.: Communication before the neurological section of New York Academy of Medicine 1932 (quoted by BENDER and SCHILDER, 1935 ).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wernicke, C.: Lehrbuch der Gehirnkrankheiten fur Ärzte und Studierende, pp. 229–242. Kassel.Theo Fischer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson, P. B., and A. King: Amblyopia due to a vitamin deficiency. Lancet 1944I, 528–531.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson, P. B.: Deficiency disorders in Hong-Kong. Lancet 1944I1 655–658.

    Google Scholar 

  • Willcox, W. H.: Beriberi with special reference to prophylaxis and treatment. Lancet 1916a, 553–557.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, R. R., and T. Spies: Vitamin B, (Thiamin) and its uses in medicine. p. 411. New York: Macmillian. Wintrobe, M. M.: — Sensory neuron degeneration in pigs; protection afforded by calcium pantothenate and pyrodoxine. J. Nutrit. 24, 345–366 (1942).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wittkower, E., and J. D. Spillane • Neurosis in war. Brit. med. J. 1940I, 223, 265, 308.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimmermann, H. M.: Role of nutritional deficiency in nervous and mental disease; pathology of vitamin B. Group deficiencies. Ass. Res. Nerv. ment. dis. Proc. 22, 51, 59 (1943).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1961 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Cruickshank, E.K. (1961). Neuro-psychiatric Disorders in Prisoners-of-War. In: Cruickshank, E.K., et al. Soziale und angewandte Psychiatrie. Psychiatrie der Gegenwart, vol 3. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-00166-0_20

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-00166-0_20

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-00167-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-00166-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics