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Neural-gesteuerte Robotik für Assistenz und Rehabilitation im Alltag

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Book cover Mensch-Roboter-Kollaboration

Zusammenfassung

Die Entwicklung kollaborativer, robotischer Systeme, die direkt mit dem menschlichen Nervensystem interagieren, verspricht, die Autonomie, Lebensqualität und Leistungsfähigkeit von Menschen mit Behinderungen, beispielsweise nach einem Schlaganfall oder einer Rückenmarksverletzung, substanziell zu verbessern. Durch die direkte Übersetzung elektrischer, magnetischer oder metabolischer Hirnaktivität ermöglichen solche Systeme die aktive und intuitive Steuerung tragbarer Exoskelette, die beispielsweise bei Greif- oder Laufbewegungen assistieren. So wurde es Querschnittsgelähmten mit kompletter Fingerlähmung ermöglicht, erstmals wieder selbstständig zu essen und zu trinken. Zudem konnte gezeigt werden, dass der wiederholte Einsatz solch neural-gesteuerter Exoskelette unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen auch zu einer Wiederherstellung verlorengegangener motorischer Funktionen führen kann. Trainierten Schlaganfallüberlebende mit chronischer Fingerlähmung über mehrere Wochen hinweg täglich mit einem solchen Exoskelett, so wiesen sie eine deutliche Verbesserung ihrer Arm- und Handfunktion auf. Um neural-gesteuerte Robotik in die breite medizinische Versorgung zu integrieren, müssen jedoch noch eine Reihe wissenschaftlich-technischer sowie rechtlich-regulatorischer Herausforderungen gemeistert werden. Neben einer Übersicht über den Stand der Technik sowie die aktuellen Herausforderungen in der Weiterentwicklung neural-gesteuerter robotischer Systeme werden in diesem Kapitel mögliche Lösungsansätze und Anwendungsperspektiven skizziert.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical Neurotechnology Laboratory, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland

    Surjo R. Soekadar & Marius Nann

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  1. Surjo R. Soekadar
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  2. Marius Nann
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Correspondence to Surjo R. Soekadar .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Hochschule Niederrhein, Krefeld, Germany

    Hans-Jürgen Buxbaum

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Soekadar, S.R., Nann, M. (2020). Neural-gesteuerte Robotik für Assistenz und Rehabilitation im Alltag. In: Buxbaum, HJ. (eds) Mensch-Roboter-Kollaboration. Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-28307-0_8

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