Zusammenfassung
Erklärungsansätze für Mobbing sind komplex und weisen von Fall zu Fall ein unterschiedliches Muster auf. Um sie besser begreifen zu können, kann eine Einteilung in individuelle, schulische oder außerschulische Ansätze hilfreich sein. Individuelle Unterschiede zwischen verschiedenen Gruppen von Kindern oder Jugendlichen, die in das Mobbinggeschehen involviert sind, beziehen sich auf äußere Merkmale wie genetischer Einfluss, Geschlecht, körperliches Erscheinungsbild, sozialer Status und schulisches Funktionieren. Hinzu kommen psychologische Merkmale wie Selbstwertgefühl, Empathie, soziale Kompetenz, Machiavellismus, sozio-emotionale Entwicklung, Psychopathologie und „Risikofaktoren“ bezüglich Viktimisierung. Zu schulischen Faktoren, die eine zentrale Rolle einnehmen, gehören der Schulkontext (Größe, Ort, Gestaltung, etc.) und das Schulklima, das sowohl von Lehrer- und Schülerverhalten als auch von der sozialen Organisation beziehungsweise vom Schulethos geprägt ist. Zuletzt sind außerschulische Faktoren wie Familie (Modelllernen, Bindung) und Medien beim Ursachenverständnis von Schulmobbing stark zu berücksichtigen.
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Puschmann, C.M. (2020). Warum gibt es Mobbing?. In: Böhmer, M., Steffgen, G. (eds) Mobbing an Schulen. Springer, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-26456-7_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-26456-7_3
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Publisher Name: Springer, Wiesbaden
Print ISBN: 978-3-658-26455-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-658-26456-7
eBook Packages: Psychology (German Language)