Abstract
Over the last decades, digitisation as a form of knowledge production and distribution has become the topic of a multitude of discursive actions, political-ideological practices and research areas. Whereas in the beginning ‘technical/technological’ patterns and mechanisms were emphasised, starting from a supposed ‘value-neutral’ technical-scientific approach, the social notions and impacts of this process have increasingly shaped the debate. This includes the concerns of digital means as means of political organisation and questions of perspectives for a counter-hegemony.
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Notes
- 1.
In the Objectives of the Study part of his text Dixit underlines “the benefits of E-HRM in Indian Industry” (Dixit 2017, p. 2135).
- 2.
Within this context Management seems to have become the miraculous term: In Turkey, for example, the coordination and structuralization of migration isues is done by the Directorate General of Migration Management (Göç İdaresi Genel Müdürlüğü). The beginning of the conceptualization of this term goes back to the early nineties, when it became part of immigration policies of traditional receiving countries such as Germany. For a detailed elaboration on this topic: Okyayuz 2012, p. 248 ff.
- 3.
While this increasingly dominant tendency had its beginning in the Anglo-Saxon and Continental European countries in the sense of establishing and putting forward a promoted discourse of standardization and homogenization of research and teaching content, of promoting research and teaching quality, and finally of quantitative evaluation of scientific production, for at least two decades countries such as Turkey have taken this approach without any serious criticism. Thus, the competitive organization of scientific research at a global and at nation state levels are reflections of this tendency.
- 4.
Even if the discourse of a democratic civil society as being conceptualized and conducted by autonomous-independent NGOs against the political-bureaucratic state is rarely more then the ideal-typical content of political science courses in universities the above mentioned potentiality of NGOs within digital capitalism is nevertheless part of the present reality in state and society. Or—at least—one should develop strategies in order to construct such a reality of the total social sphere.
- 5.
The latter aspect is the more important the more one considers that in classical migrant-receiving countries such as Germany, migration has been a topic in political party programmes and propaganda activities since the beginning of the mid-fifties, when a foreign labour force began to be recruited by the state means from countries such as Italy and Turkey to the main industrialized sectors of Western capitalist countries. In Turkey, on the other side, there is hope that this dimension will never be reached by forming an awareness of the ‘other’ based on information provided and distributed among the public.
- 6.
This notion of relative independence can also be observed in other countries where digital information flow is produced and distributed by economic and political actors of the global(ised) economy. For the case of Nigeria: Armstrong and Butcher 2017.
- 7.
One of the most interesting e-journals which incorporates the things mentioned in the main text is e-skop (2010). sanat tarih eleştiri [art history critique] which was founded in December, 2010, and began its publishing activities in October, 2011, URL: http://www.e-skop.com/neden-skop, last accessed: 08 December 2018.
- 8.
With ‘primary capitalist’ countries I mean countries where the process of the division of labour and production stems from the social dynamics of these countries themselves. On the other side ‘secondary capitalist’ countries are those countries to which the organization of production and the capacity of technology use is completely or partially exported.
- 9.
https://rekabetcisektorler.sanayi.gov.tr/documents/10184/51258/rysop_turkiye_tr-2772016143713.pdf/0a9c575f-9d99-4e7d-abe5-6b04ab178354; 13/06/18, last accessed: 08 December 2018.
- 10.
In January 31, 2018, according to official statistics from the Ministry of Labour and Social Security [Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı] (2018) there were 1,714.397 labour union members in Turkey. https://www.csgb.gov.tr/media/8122/resm%C4%B0-gazete-20180131-4.pdf, last accessed: 08 December 2018.
- 11.
Publications within the branch of Public Administration are presenting e-Devlet conceptualizations and practices as “an effort to [equip] public administration with rational functionality by benefitting from the technical capacity […] of knowledge and communication technologies” (Yıldırım, Murati 2014). Concerning the quote look to the introductory text provided in the internet domain of the bookseller, URL:http://www.dr.com.tr/Kitap/E-Devlet-ve-Yurttas-Odakli-Kamu-Yonetimi/Murat-Yildirim/Egitim-Basvuru/Is-Ekonomi-Hukuk/Kamu/urunno=0000000377838, last accessed: 08 December 2018.
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Okyayuz, M. (2020). Affirmative and Alternative Discourses and Practices of Knowledge Production and Distribution in Turkey. In: Bobkov, V., Herrmann, P. (eds) Digitisation and Precarisation. Prekarisierung und soziale Entkopplung – transdisziplinäre Studien. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-26384-3_10
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