Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag untersucht für die USA, ob die Erträge von postsekundärer Bildung vom Verlauf der Bildungskarriere abhängen. Im Vergleich zu Deutschland nehmen Erwachsene in Amerika häufiger an postsekundärer Bildung teil, und die Verläufe von Bildungskarrieren sind zu einem stärkeren Grad individualisiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass unterbrochene Bildungskarrieren zu ähnlichen Gehältern und einem ähnlichen sozioökonomischen Status führen, sowie zur gleichen Chance, eine vom Arbeitgeber finanzierte Krankenversicherung zu haben, gemessen im Alter von 36 Jahren.
Die Nachteile waren noch am größten für die in den USA zahlenmäßig bedeutsame Gruppe der Studienabbrecher. Alles in allem waren die Unterschiede vor allem dann gering wenn wichtige Drittvariablen durch propensity score kernel matching konstant gehalten wurden. Bestehende Unterschiede waren für den sozioökonomischen Status-Score SEI größer als für das Gehalt, was möglicherweise mit fortschreitender Karriere weitere Nachteile für späte Bildung mit sich bringen kann, falls die Karrieren in diesen mutmaßlich weniger attraktiven Jobs auf Dauer zu geringeren Gehältern führen.
Abstract
This article studies whether the returns to postsecondary education depend on the pattern of the educational career for the United States. Compared to Germany, American adults participate more frequently in postsecondary education and their educational careers are to a larger degree individualized. Results show that discontinuous educational careers lead to a similar wage and socioeconomic status and to the same chances of having health insurance covered by the employer at age 36. Differences were only found among those who left the education system without a Bachelor’s degree. Overall, the disadvantages were not very large when controlling for relevant variables applying propensity score kernel matching. The duration of interruptions or delays did not make any important difference. Disadvantages were larger for interruptions outside of the labor market, and effects on socioeconomic status were stronger than on wages. The latter could imply that those who enroll early and continuously are in better jobs that pay off later in the career with a higher salary.
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Weiss, F. (2020). Erträge von früher vs. nachgeholter postsekundärer Bildung in den USA / The labor market returns to on time vs. second chance postsecondary education in the US. In: Schrader, J., Ioannidou, A., Blossfeld, HP. (eds) Monetäre und nicht monetäre Erträge von Weiterbildung. Edition ZfE, vol 7. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-25513-8_2
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