Models for Settling Ethno-Territorial Conflicts

Abstract

The potential contradiction that may arise between the national self-determination of an ethnic group—generally in the minority—and the territorial integrity of the state in which this group resides plays itself out in vastly differing ways when such situations culminate in conflict. This spectrum spans from negotiations with amicable resolutions to irreconcilable and extremely bloody disputes which, in many cases, can only be mitigated by massive external interventions. In this context, it is no wonder that, throughout the twentieth century, a vast array of arrangements have been concluded, covering all possible variants found between the two extremes of secession in terms of national self-determination and the oppression of these demands in the name of territorial integrity.

Determined to foster the rich contribution of national minorities to the life of our societies, we undertake further to improve their situation. We reaffirm our deep conviction that friendly relations among our peoples, as well as peace, justice, stability and democracy, require that the ethnic, cultural, linguistic and religious identity of national minorities be protected and conditions for the promotion of that identity be created.

(CSCE Charter of Paris for a New Europe, November 1990)