Introduction

Abstract

As a structured medium, financial statements intend to provide decision-useful financial accounting information for investors (Guay et al., 2016). Due to the growing complexity of accounting rules, the requirements for these financial statement information have strongly increased over the past 15 years, resulting in a potential disclosure overload for investors (Guay et al., 2016; Siegel, 2018). Consequently, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) made the improvement of disclosure effectiveness one of their main goals and initiated the disclosure framework project (Siegel, 2018). Financial statement information is considered effective when the presented information is reliable and decision-useful (IASB, 2015).