Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Ayahuasca-Tourismus in Südamerika

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Handbuch Drogen in sozial- und kulturwissenschaftlicher Perspektive

Zusammenfassung

In Südamerika entwickelt sich seit mehr als zwei Jahrzehnten eine Form des Tourismus, bei der westliche Reisende den halluzinogenen Trank Ayahuasca einnehmen. Ayahuasca hat einen zentralen Platz im Selbstverständnis nativer Gruppen. „Meisterpflanzen“ des Regenwaldes werden von Mestizen und Ureinwohnern zur Wahrsagerei, Hexerei und zu Heilzwecken eingesetzt. Ayahuasca ist ein Sud, der Erbrechen, starke visuelle Effekte, intensivierte Denkprozesse und starke Emotionen auslöst. Die Motivation westlicher Touristen ist häufig durch Wünsche nach persönlicher Einsicht, Selbstaktualisierung und spiritueller Erfahrung geprägt, wobei auch Hoffnung auf körperliche Heilung eine Rolle spielen kann. Der Ayahuasca-Tourismus in Südamerika kann mit einigen Einschränkungen als Sonderform psychedelischer Psychotherapie angesehen werden.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 89.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  • Airaksinen, M. M., A. Lecklin, V. Saano, L. Tuomisto, J. Gynther. 1987. Tremorigenic effect and inhibition of tryptamine and serotonin receptor binding by beta-carbolines. Pharmacol Toxicol 60(1): 5–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Balzer, C. 2003. Wege zum Heil: Die Barquinha. Eine ethnologische Studie zu Transformation und Heilung in den Ayahuasca-Ritualen einer brasilianischen Religion. Mettingen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbosa, P., J. Giglio, P. Dalgalarrondo. 2005. Altered States of Consciousness and Short-Therm Psychological After-Effects Induced by the First Time Ritual Use of Ayahuasca in an Urban Context in Brazil. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 37(2): 193–210.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbosa, P., S. Mizumoto, M. Bogenschutz, R. Strassmann. 2012. Health status of ayahuasca users. drug testing and analysis. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.1383.

  • Beyer, S. V. 2009. Singing to the Plants: A Guide to Mestizo Shamanism in the Upper Amazon. Albuquerque.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beyer, S. V. 2012a. On the Origins of Ayahuasca. http://www.singingtotheplants.com/2012/04/on-origins-of-ayahuasca/. Zugegriffen: 17. Mai 2016.

  • Beyer, S. V. 2012b. Special Ayahuasca Issue Introduction: Toward a Multidisciplinary Approach to Ayahuasca Studies. Anthropology of Consciousness 23(1): 1–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourguignon, E. 1973. Religion Altered States of Consciousness and Social Change. Ohio.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bouso, J. C., D. González, S. Fondevila, M. Cutchet, X. Fernández, P. C. Ribeiro Barbosa, M. Á. Alcázar- Córcoles, W. S. Araújo, M. J. Barbanoj, J. M. Fábregas, J. Riba. 2012. Personality, psychopathology, life attitudes, and neuropsychological performance among ritual users of ayahuasca: a longitudinal study. PLoS ONE 7(8): e42421. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0042421. http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0042421. Zugegriffen: 03. August 2016.

  • Brabec de Mori, B. 2013. Die Psychologisierung der Funktionen von Musik und Drogen in westlichen Interpretationen indianischer Magie. In Musik und Religion, psychologische Zugänge, hrsg. v. J. A. v. Belzen, 97–124. Wiesbaden.

    Google Scholar 

  • Callaway, J. C., D. J. McKenna, C. S. Grob, G. S. Brito, L. P. Raymon, R. E. Poland, E. N. Andrade, E. O. Andrade, D. C. Mash. 1999. Pharmacokinetics of Hoasca alkaloids in healthy humans. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 65: 243–256.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, E. 1988. Authenticity and Commoditization in Tourism. Anals of Tourism Research 15(3): 371–386.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Araujo, D. B., S. Ribeiro, G. A. Cecchi, F. M. Carvalho, T. A. Sanchez, J. P. Pinto, B. S. de Martinis, J. A. Crippa, J. E. Hallak, A. C. Santos. 2011. Seeing with the eyes shut: Neural basis of enhanced imagery following ayahuasca ingestion. Human Brain Mapping. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.21381.

  • Dobkin de Rios, M. 1972. Visionary vine: Hallucinogenic healing in the Peruvian Amazon. San Francisco.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dobkin de Rios, M., C. S. Grob. 1994. Hallucinogens, suggestibility, and adolescence in cross- cultural perspective. Yearbook of Ethnomedicine and the Study of Consciousness 3: 113–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Domínguez-Clavé, E., J. Soler, M. Elices, J. C. Pascual, M. Álvarez, M. De la Fuente Revenga, P. Friedlander, A. Feilding, J. Riba. 2016. Ayahuasca: pharmacology, neuroscience and therapeutic potential. Brain Research Bulletin. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.03.002.

  • Feifer, M. 1985. Going Places. London. Zitiert in Vester, H.-G. (1993). Authentizität. In Tourismuspsychologie und Tourismussoziologie. Ein Handbuch zur Tourismuswissenschaft, hrsg. v. H. Hahn, H.-J. Kagelmann, 122–124. München.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fotiou, E. 2010. From Medicine Men to Day Trippers: Shamanic Tourism in Iquitos, Peru. Dissertation. Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fotiou, E. 2012. Working with “La Medicina”: Elements of Healing in Contemporary Ayahuasca Rituals. Anthropology of Consciousness 23(1): 6–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gable, R. S. 2006. Risk assessment of ritual use of oral dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and harmala alkaloids. Addiction. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01652.x.

  • Grob, C. S., D. J. McKenna, J. C. Callaway, G. S. Brito, E. S. Neves, G. Overlaender, O. L. Salde, E. Lablgalini, C. Tacia, C. T. Miranda, R. J. Strassman, K. B. Boone. 1996. Human psychopharmacology of Hoasca: A plant hallucinogen used in ritual context in Brazil. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199602000-00004.

  • Groffman, E. 1959. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. University of Edinburgh Social Sciences Research Centre. New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dittrich, A., C. Scharfetter. (Hrsg.) 1987. Ethnopsychotherapie. Psychotherapie mittels außergewöhnlicher Bewußtseinszustände in westlichen und indigenen Kulturen. Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fiedler, L., H. Jungaberle, R. Verres. 2011. Motive für den Konsum psychoaktiver Substanzen am Beispiel des Ayahuasca-Gebrauchs in der Santo-Daime-Gemeinschaft. Zeitschrift für Medizinische Psychologie, 20(3): 137–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halberstadt, A. L. 2016. Behavioral and pharmacokinetic interactions between monoamine oxidase inhibitors and the hallucinogen 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2016.01.005.

  • Halpern, J. H., A. R. Sherwood, T. Passie, K. C. Blackwell, A. J. Ruttenber. 2008. Evidence of health and safety in American members of a religion who use a hallucinogenic sacrament. Medical Science Monitor 14(8): 15–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herbert, A. 2010. Female Ayahuasca Healers Among the Shipibo-Konibo (Ucayali- Peru) in the Context of Spiritual Tourism. Núcleo de Estudos Interdisciplinares, NEIP. http://neip.info/novo/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/herbert_female_ayahuasca_healers_shipibo_spiritual_tourism.pdf. Zugegriffen: 19. August 2016.

  • Highpine, G. 2012. Unreveling the mystery of the orign of ayahuasca. NEIP http://neip.info/novo/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/highpine_origin-of-ayahuasca_neip_2012.pdf Zugegriffen: 20. April 2016.

  • Holman, C. L. 2010. Spirituality for Sale. An Analysis of Ayahuasca Tourism. Dissertation. Arizona State University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holman, C. L. 2011. Surfing for a Shaman. Analyzing an Ayahuasca Website. Annals of Tourism Research 38: 90–109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamppinen, M. 1989. Cognitive Systems and Cultural Models of Illness. A Study of Two Mestizo Peasant Communities of the Peruvian Amazon. Dissertation. Helsinki.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kjellgren A., A. Eriksson, T. Norlander. 2009. Experiences of Encounters with Ayahuasca – “The Vine of the Soul”. Journal of psychoactive drugs 41(4): 309–315.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kristensen, K. 1998. The Ayahuasca Phenomenon: Jungle Pilgrims: North Americans Participating in Amazon Ayahuasca Ceremonies. http://www.maps.org/articles/5408-the-ayahuasca-phenomenon.

  • Labate, B. C., E. MacRae. 2010. Ayahuasca, ritual, and religion in Brasil. London, England.

    Google Scholar 

  • Labate, B. C., H. Jungaberle. (Hrsg.). 2011. The internationalizitation of ayahuasca. Zurich.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lademann-Priemer, G. 2000. Schamanismus. http://www.glaube-und-irrglaube.de/index2.htm. Zugegriffen: 07. November 2016.

  • Losonczy, A.-M., S. Mesturini. 2010. La Selva Viajera: Rutas del chamanismo ayahuasquero entre Europa y América. Religião & Sociedade. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-85872010000200009. Zugegriffen: 12. Novemeber 2017.

  • Luna, L. E. 1986a. Apéndices. América Indígena 46(1): 241–251.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luna, L. E. 1986b. Vegetalismo: Shamanism among the Mestizo Population of the Peruvian Amazonas. Sto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luna, L. E. 2003. Ayahuasca: Shamanism Shared Across Cultures. Cultural Survival Quarterly 27(2): 20–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luna, L. E. 2004. Ayahuasca Ritual Use. In Shamanism: An Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices and Cultures, hrsg. v. E. J. Neumann Fridman, M. N. Walters, 378–382. Santa Barbara, Denver, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luna, L. E. 2006. Traditional and syncretic Ayahuasca rituals. In Rituale erneuern, hrsg. v. H. Jungaberle, R. Verres, F. DuBois, 319–337. Giessen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luna, L. E. 2010. Ayahuasca and the Concept of Reality. Ethnographic, Theoretical, and Experimental Considerations. http://www.wasiwaska.org/research/wasi-research/article-1. Zugegriffen: 03. November 2017.

  • MacCannell, D. 1973. Staged Authenticity: Arrangements of Social Space in Tourist Settings. American Journal of Sociology 79(3): 589–603.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKenna, D. J. 1999. Ayahuasca: An Ethnopharmacologic History. In Ayahuasca: Human Consciousness and the Spirits of Nature, hrsg. v. R. Metzner, 187–213. New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKenna, D. J. 2007. The healing vine: Ayahuasca as medicine in the 21st century. In Psychedelic medicine: New evidence for hallucinogenic substances as treatments, hrsg. v. M. J. Winkelman, T. B. Roberts, 21–44. Westport.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller-Weisberger, J. S. 2000. A Huaorani myth of the first Miiyabu. In Ayahuasca reader: Encounters with the Amazon’s sacred vine, hrsg. v. L. E. Luna, S. White, 41–45. Santa Fe.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Institute of Mental Health 2016. Schizophrenia. http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/prevalence/schizophrenia.shtml. Zugriffen: 20. März 2016.

  • Peluso, D. M., M. N. Alexiades. 2006. For Export Only: Ayahuasca Tourism and Hyper-Traditionalism. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review. Hypertraditions. Journal of the International Association for the study of Traditional Environments XVIII(1): 73–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Presser-Velder, A. 2012. Treating substance dependencies with psychoactives: A theoretical and qualitative empirical study on the therapeutic use of ayahuasca. Dissertation. Heidelberg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reichel-Dolmatoff, G. 1972. The cultural context of an aboriginal hallucinogen: Banisteriopsis Caapi. In Flesh of the Gods – The Ritual Use of Hallucinogens, hrsg. von P. Furst. 84–113. New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reichel-Dolmatoff, G. 1975. The Shaman and the Jaguar: A Study of Narcotic Drugs among the Indians of Colombia. Philadelphia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Riba, J., A. Rodriguez-Fornells, G. Urbano, A. Morte, R. Antonijoan, M. Montero, J. C. Callaway, M. J. Barbanoj. 2001. Subjective effects and tolerability of the south american psychoactive beverage ayahuasca in healthy volunteers. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 154(1): 85–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodd, R. 2002. Snuff synergy: Preparation, use and pharmacology of yopo and Banisteriopsis caapi among the Piaroa of southern Venezuela. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 34(3): 273–279.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmid, J. T. 2010. Selbst-Behandlungsversuche mit der psychoaktiven Substanz Ayahuasca: Eine qualitative Studie über subjektive Theorien zu Krankheit, Gesundheit und Heilung. Dissertation. Saarbrücken.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmid, J. T. 2014. Healing with Ayahuasca: Notes on Therapeutic Rituals and Effects in European Patients Treating Their Diseases. In The Therapeutic Use of Ayahuasca, hrsg. v. B. Labate, C. Cavnar, 77–93. Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schultes, R. E. 1983. Richard Spruce: An early ethnobotanist and explorer of the northwest amazon and northern andes. Journal of Ethnobiology. 3(2): 139–147. https://ethnobiology.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/JoE/3-2/Schultes1983.pdf. Zugegriffen: 14. November 2017.

  • Schultes R. E., A. Hofmann. 1992. Plants of the gods. Their sacred, healing and hallucinogenic powers. Rochester.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schultes, R. E., R. F. Raffauf. 1990. The Healing Forrest: Medicinal and Toxic Plants of the Northwest Amazonia. Historical, Ethno-& Economic Botany (Volume 2). Portland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schultes, R. E., R. F. Raffauf. 1992. Vine of the Soul: Medicine Men, their Plants and Rituals in the Colombian Amazon. Oracle.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, R. L., H. Canton, R. J. Barrett, E. Sanders-Bush. 1998. Agonist properties of N,N-dimethyl- tryptamine at serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior 61: 323–330.

    Google Scholar 

  • Torres, C. M., D. B. Repke, K. Chan, D. McKenna, A. Llagostera, R. E. Schultes. 1991. Snuff powders from pre-Hispanic San Pedro de Atacama: Chemical and contextual analysis. Current Anthropology 32(5): 640–649.

    Google Scholar 

  • Urry, J. 1990. The Tourist Gaze: Leisure and Travel in Contemporary Societies. London: Sage. Zitiert nach Vester H.-G. (1993). Authentizität. In Tourismuspsychologie und Tourismussoziologie. Ein Handbuch zur Tourismuswissenschaft, hrsg. v. H. Hahn, H.-J. Kagelmann, 122–124. München.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winkelmann, M. 2005. Drug Tourism or spiritual Healing? Ayahuasca Seekers in Amazonia. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 37(2): 209–218.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yancey, W. L., P. Erickson, R. N. Juliani. 1976. Emergent Ethnicity: A Review and Reformulation. American Sociological Review 41(3): 391–403.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zacharias, S. 2005. Das psychotherapeutische Wissen und die Behandlung psychischer Erkrankungen innerhalb des mexikanischen Curanderismus – eine qualitative einzelfallorientierte Studie. Dissertation. Leipzig.

    Google Scholar 

  • Znamenski, A. A. 2007. The Beauty of the Primitive: Shamanism and the Western Imagination. Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universität Bremen, Rostock, Deutschland

    Tom John Wolff

Authors
  1. Tom John Wolff
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tom John Wolff .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany

    Robert Feustel

  2. Universität Bremen , Bremen, Germany

    Henning Schmidt-Semisch

  3. Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany

    Ulrich Bröckling

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Wolff, T.J. (2019). Ayahuasca-Tourismus in Südamerika. In: Feustel, R., Schmidt-Semisch, H., Bröckling, U. (eds) Handbuch Drogen in sozial- und kulturwissenschaftlicher Perspektive. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-22138-6_38

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-22138-6_38

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer VS, Wiesbaden

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-658-22137-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-658-22138-6

  • eBook Packages: Social Science and Law (German Language)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation