Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The effects of perceived convenience and psychological reactance on resistance at different levels of signalized autonomous e-service provisioning

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Die informatisierte Service-Ökonomie

  • 8526 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

The increasing penetration of society by information technologies was already noted four decades ago by Nora and Minc (1978) and was identified with the concept of computerization. An end to this development is not in sight; instead we presently appear to be in a transitional phase, which can be characterized by a lasting change in the human-computer relationship. Mattern (2003, 2007), for example, predicts the comprehensive implementation of smart, adaptive, self-interlinking, and interactive information technologies capable of taking over unobtrusive tasks and providing service ubiquitously.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 89.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  • Aarts, E.H./Encarnação, J.L. (2006): Into Ambient Intelligence. In: Aarts/Encarnação: True Visions − The Emergence of Ambient Intelligence. Springer: 1-16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akaka, M.A./Vargo, S.L. (2013): Technology as an operant resource in service (eco) systems. In: Information Systems and e-Business Management 12(3): 367-384.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anagnostopoulos, C. B./Ntarladimas, Y./Hadjiefthymiades, S. (2007): Situational computing: An innovative architecture with imprecise reasoning. In: Journal of Systems and Software 80(12): 1993-2014.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arbuckle, J. L. (2013): IBM SPSS Amos 22 User’s Guide. ftp://public.dhe.ibm.com/software/analytics/spss/documentation/amos/22.0/en/Manuals/IBM_SPSS_Amos_User_Guide.pdf [2017-07-14].

  • Arnold, C. (2015): Ubiquitärer E-Service für Konsumenten: Die Perspektive der Theorie Psychologischer Reaktanz. Springer Gabler.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnold, C./Reckenfelderbäumer, M. (2017): Context-Aware Computing – Zur Integrativitätsproblematik aus Sicht der Leistungslehre. In: Bruhn/Hadwich: Dienstleistungen 4.0: Konzepte – Methoden – Instrumente. Band 1. Forum Dienstleistungsmanagement. Springer Gabler: 205-229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aronson, E./Wilson, T.D./Akert, R.M./Sommers, S.R. (2012): Social Psychology. 8th Edition. Pearson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Atzori, L./Iera, A./Morabito, G. (2010): The Internet of Things: A survey. In: Computer Networks 54(15): 2787-2805.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bagozzi, R.P./Yi, Y. (1988): On the Evaluation of Structural Equation Models. In: Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 16(1): 74-94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bagozzi, R.P./Baumgartner, H. (1994): The Evaluation of Structural Equation Models and Hypothesis Testing. In: Bagozzi: Principles of Marketing Research. Blackwell Publishers: 386-422.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barkhuus, L./Dey, A. (2003): Is Context-Aware Computing Taking Control Away from the User? Three Levels of Interactivity Examined. In: Dey/Schmidt/McCarthy: UbiComp 2003: Ubiquitous Computing: 5th International Conference, Seattle, WA, USA, October 12-15, 2003, Proceedings. Springer: 149-156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baumgartner, H./Homburg, C. (1996): Applications of structural equation modeling in marketing and consumer research: A review. In: International Journal of Research in Marketing 13(2): 139-161.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benkenstein, M. (2016): Leistungslehre und Dienstleistungsmanagement. In: Corsten/ Roth: Handbuch Dienstleistungsmanagement. Vahlen: 9-24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry, L.L./Seiders, K./Grewal, G. (2002): Understanding Service Convenience. In: Journal of Marketing 66(3): 1-17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brehm, J.W. (1966): A Theory of Psychological Reactance. Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brehm, J.W. (1993): Control, Its Loss, and Psychological Reactance. In: Weary/ Gleicher/Marsh: Control Motivation and Social Cognition. Springer: 3-30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brehm, J.W./Stires, L.K./Sensenig, J./Shaban, J. (1966): The Attractiveness of an Eliminated Choice Alternative. In: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2(3): 301-313.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brehm, S.S./Brehm, J.W. (1981): Psychological Reactance: A Theory of Freedom and Control. Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Briñol, P./Rucker, D.D./Tormala, Z.L./Petty, R.E. (2004): Individual Differences in Resistance to Persuasion: The Role of Beliefs and Meta-Beliefs. In: Knowles/ Linn: Resistance and Persuasion. Lawrence Erlbaum: 83-104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, T.A. (2006): Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Applied Research. Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bühner, M. (2011): Einführung in die Test- und Fragebogenkonstruktion. 3. Auflage. Pearson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Byrne, B.M. (2006): Structural Equation Modeling with EQS. 2nd edition. Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cassar, K./Warshaw, L. (2016): IoT commerce: an early read on Amazon’s Dash buttons. http://intelligence.slice.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Slice-White-Paper-Dash-Buttons-April-2016.pdf [2017-08-19].

  • Cheung, G.W./Rensvold, R.B. (2002): Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. In: Structural Equation Modeling 9(2): 233-255.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chin, W.W. (1998): The Partial Least Squares Approach for Structural Equation Modeling. In: Marcoulides: Modern Methods for Business Research. Lawrence Erlbaum: 295-336.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chong, A. (2013): Understanding Mobile Commerce Continuance Intentions: An Empirical Analysis of Chinese Consumers. In: Journal of Computer Information Systems 53(4):22-30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Claudy, M.C./Garcia, R./O’Driscoll, A. (2015): Consumer resistance to innovation – behavioral reasoning perspective. In: Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 43(4): 528-544.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, J. (1988): Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2nd edition. Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Curran, J.M./Meuter, M.L. (2005): Self‐service technology adoption: comparing three technologies. In: Journal of Services Marketing 19(2): 103-113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Engelhardt, W.H./Kleinaltenkamp, M./Reckenfelderbäumer, M. (1993): Leistungsbündel als Absatzobjekte: Ein Ansatz zur Überwindung der Dichotomie von Sach- und Dienstleistungen. In: ZfbF 45(5): 394-426.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fellesson, M./Friman, M. (2008): Perceived Satisfaction with Public Transport Service in Nine European Cities. In: Journal of the Transportation Research Forum 47(3): 93‐103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferscha, A. (2007): Pervasive Computing: connect > aware > smart. In: Mattern: Die Informatisierung des Alltags - Leben in smarten Umgebungen. Springer: 1-10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fitzsimons, G. J./Lehmann, D.R. (2004): Reactance to Recommendations: When Unsolicited Advice Yields Contrary Responses. In: Marketing Science 23(1): 82-94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fornell, C./Larcker, D. F. (1981): Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobserved Variables and Measurement Error. In: Journal of Marketing Research 18(1): 39-50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freiling, J./Gersch, M./Goeke, C. (2006): Eine „Competence-based Theory of the Firm“ als marktprozesstheoretischer Ansatz. In: Schreyögg: Management von Kompetenz. Gabler: 37-82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuegen, K./Brehm J.W. (2004): The Intensity of Affect and Resistance to Social Influence. In: Knowles/Linn: Resistance and Persuasion. Lawrence Erlbaum: 39-63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garcia, R./Bardhi, F./Friedrich, C. (2007): Overcoming Consumer Resistance to Innovation. In: MIT Sloan Management Review 48(4): 82-88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grabitz-Gniech, G./Grabitz, H.-J. (1973a): Der Einfluß von Freiheitseinengung und Freiheitswiederherstellung auf den Reaktanz-Effekt. In: Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie 4(4): 361-365.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grabitz-Gniech, G./Grabitz, H.-J. (1973b): Psychologische Reaktanz: Theoretisches Konzept und experimentelle Untersuchungen. In: Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie 4(1): 19-35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hair, J.F./Black, W.C./Babin, B.J./Anderson, R.E. (2009): Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective. 7th edition. Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamari, J./Koivisto, J. (2014): Measuring flow in gamification: Dispositional Flow Scale-2. In: Computers in Human Behavior 40(2014): 133–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hancock, G.R. (2001): Effect size, power, and sample size determination for structured means modeling and mimic approaches to between-groups hypothesis testing of means on a single latent construct. In: Psychometrika 66(3): 373-388.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heidenreich, S./Spieth, P. (2013): Why innovations fail – The case of passive and active innovation resistance. In: International Journal of Innovation Management 17(5): 1-42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Homburg, C. (2015): Marketingmanagement. Springer Gabler.

    Google Scholar 

  • Homburg, C./Baumgartner, H. (1995): Beurteilung von Kausalmodellen: Bestandsaufnahme und Anwendungsempfehlungen. In: Marketing ZFP 17(3): 162-176.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoogland, J.J./Boomsma, A. (1998): Robustness Studies in Covariance Structure Modeling: An Overview and a Meta-Analysis. In: Sociological Methods & Research 26(3): 329-367.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jöreskog, K. G./Sörbom, D. (1996): LISREL 8 User’s Reference Guide. Scientific Software International.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jöreskog, K.G./Sörbom, D. (1982): Recent Developments in Structural Equation Modeling. In: Journal of Marketing Research 19(4): 404-416.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kleinaltenkamp, M. (1997): Integrativität als Kern einer umfassenden Leistungslehre. In: Backhaus/Günter/Kleinaltenkamp/Plinke/Raffée: Marktleistung und Wettbewerb: Strategische und operative Perspektiven der marktorientierten Leistungsgestaltung. Gabler: 83-114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kline, R.B. (2015): Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. 4th Edition. Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knowles, E.S./Linn J.A. (2004): The Importance of Resistance to Persuasion. In: Knowles/Linn: Resistance and Persuasion. Lawrence Erlbaum: 3-9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Költzsch, T. (2015): Nach Übernahme von E-Plus: Telefónica stellt Gettings ein. https://golem.de/news/nach-uebernahme-von-e-plus-telef-nica-stellt-gettingsein-1512-118217.html [2017-08-14].

  • Kortuem, G./Kawasar, F./Fitton, D./Sundramoorthy, V. (2010): Smart Objects as Building Blocks for the Internet of Things. In: Internet Computing, IEEE 14(1): 44-51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lai, J.Y./Wibowo, S. (2012): How Service Convenience Influences Information Systems Success. In: International Journal of Future Computer and Communication 1(3): 217-220.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laukkanen, T./Sinkkonen, S./Kivijärvi, M./Laukkanen, P. (2007): Innovation resistance among mature consumers. In: Journal of Consumer Marketing 24(7): 419-427.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, G./Lee, W. J. (2009): Psychological reactance to online recommendation services. In: Information & Management 46(8): 448-452.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewin, K. (1951): Field Theory in Social Science. Harper.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd, A.E./Chan R./Yip, L./Chan, A. (2014): Time buying and time saving: Effects on service convenience and the shopping experience at the mall. In: Journal of Services Marketing 28(1): 36-49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Losch, N./Schulz, S. (2010): Akzeptanz und Reaktanz von mobilen Diensten: Eine empirische Studie am Beispiel von Deutschland und den USA. In: Marketing ZFP 32(4): 235-258.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lovelock, C./Gummesson, E. (2004): Whiter Services Marketing? In Search of a New Paradigm and Fresh Perspectives. In: Journal of Service Research 7(1): 20- 41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mattern, F. (2003): Vom Verschwinden des Computers – Die Vision des Ubiquitous Computing. In: Mattern: Total vernetzt: Szenarien einer informatisierten Welt. Springer: 1-41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mattern, F. (2007): Acht Thesen zur Informatisierung des Alltags. In: Mattern: Die Informatisierung des Alltags – Leben in smarten Umgebungen. Springer: 11-16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, C.H./Lane, L.T./Deatrick, L.M./Young, A.M./Potts, K.A. (2007): Psychological Reactance and Promotional Health Messages: The Effects of Controlling Language, Lexical Concreteness, and the Restoration of Freedom. In: Human Communication Research 33(2): 219-240.

    Google Scholar 

  • Müller, J./Alt, F./Michelis, D. (2011): Pervasive Advertising. In: Müller/Alt/Michelis: Pervasive Advertising. Springer: 1-29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muthén, B.O./Kaplan, D. (1985): A comparison of some methodologies for the factor analysis of non-normal likert variables. In: British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 38(2): 171-189.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nora, S./Minc, A. (1978): L’informatisation de la société. Documentation française.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oreg, S. (2003): Resistance to Change: Developing an Individual Differences Measure. In: Journal of Applied Psychology 88(4): 680-693.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pavlus, J. (2013): Smart Watches. In: MIT Technology Review 116(3): 60-61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Podsakoff, P.M./Mackenzie, S.B./Lee, J.-Y./Podsakoff, N.P. (2003): Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research: A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies. In: Journal of Applied Psychology 88(5): 879-903.

    Google Scholar 

  • Podsakoff, P.M./MacKenzie, S.B./Podsakoff, N.P. (2012): Sources of Method Bias in Social Science Research and Recommendations on How to Control It. In: Annual Review of Psychology 63: 539-569.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quitadamo, R./Zambonelli, F./Cabri, G. (2007): The Service Ecosystem: Dynamic Self-Aggregation of Pervasive Communication Services. In: Software Engineering for Pervasive Computing Applications, Systems, and Environments, 2007. SEPCASE ‘07. First International Workshop on, Minneapolis, MN. IEEE: 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raab, G./Unger, A./Unger, F. (2016): Marktpsychologie. 4. Auflage. Springer Gabler.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reckenfelderbäumer, M./Arnold, C. (2015): Value Creation durch ubiquitären EService – eine innovative Angebotsform aus Sicht der Leistungslehre. In: Fließ/ Haase/Jacob/Ehret: Kundenintegration und Leistungslehre: Integrative Wertschöpfung in Dienstleistungen, Solutions und Entrepreneurship. Springer Gabler: 87-111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richardson, H.A./Simmering, M.J./Sturman, M.C. (2009): A tale of three perspectives: Examining post hoc statistical techniques for detection and correction of common method variance. In: Organizational Research Methods 12(4): 762-800.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ricker, T. (2017): Wanted: An Amazon fridge that automatically reorders food. https://theverge.com/2017/1/18/14308352/amazon-echo-refrigerator-reordersgroceries [2017-08-09].

  • Roubroeks, M./Ham, J./Midden, C. (2011): When Artificial Social Agents Try to Persuade People: The Role of Social Agency on the Occurrence of Psychological Reactance. In: International Journal of Social Robotics 3(2): 155-165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roussos, G./Moussouri, T. (2004): Consumer perceptions of privacy, security and trust in ubiquitous commerce. In: Personal and Ubiquitous Computing 8(6): 416- 429.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rust, R.T./Huang, M.-H. (2014): The Service Revolution and the Transformation of Marketing Science. In: Marketing Science 33(2): 206-221.

    Google Scholar 

  • Satorra, A. (2000). Scaled and adjusted restricted tests in multi-sample analysis of moment structures. In: Heijmans/Pollock/Satorra: Innovations in multivariate statistical analysis: a festschrift for Heinz Neudecker. Springer: 233-247.

    Google Scholar 

  • Satorra, A./Bentler, P.M. (1994). Corrections to test statistics and standard errors in covariance structure analysis. In: von Eye/Clogg: Latent variables analysis: Applications for developmental research. Sage: 399-419.

    Google Scholar 

  • Satorra, A./Bentler, P.M. (2001): A scaled difference chi-square test statistic for moment structure analysis. In: Psychometrika 66(4): 507-514.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scholderer, J./Balderjahn, I. (2006): Was unterscheidet harte und weiche Strukturgleichungsmodelle nun wirklich? Ein Klärungsversuch zur LISREL-PLSFrage. In: Marketing ZFP 28(1): 57-70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seiders, K./Voss, G.B./Godfrey, A.L./Grewal, D. (2007): SERVCON: Development and validation of a multidimensional service convenience scale. In: Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 35(1): 144-156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seligman, M.E./Maier, S.F. (1968): Alleviation of Learned Helplessness in the Dog. In: Journal of Abnormal Psychology 73(3): 256-262.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shadish, W.R./Cook, T.D./Campbell, D.T. (2002): Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Generalized Causal Inference. Cengage Learning.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shen, L./Dillard, J.P. (2007): Reactance Proneness Assessment. In: Reynolds/ Woods/Baker: Handbook of Research on Electronic Surveys and Measurements. Information Science Reference: 323-328.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sörbom (1974): A general method for studying differences in factor means and factor structure between groups. In: British Journal for Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 27(2): 229-239.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spínola, R.O./Travassos, G.H. (2012): Towards a framework to characterize ubiquitous software projects. In: Information and Software Technology 54(7): 759-785.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strang, T./Linnhoff-Popien, C. (2004): A Context Modeling Survey. In: De Roure/Indulska: Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Advanced Context Modelling, Reasoning and Management. University of Southampton: 34-41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Temme, D./Paulssen, M./Hildebrandt, L. (2009): Common Method Variance: Ursachen, Auswirkungen und Kontrollmöglichkeiten. In: Die Betriebswirtschaft 69(2): 123-146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, M.S./Green, S.B. (2013): Evaluating Between-Groups Differences in Latent Variable Means. In: Hancock/Mueller: Structural Equation Modeling: A Second Course, 2nd edition. Information Age Publishing: 163-218.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vargo, S.L./Lusch, R.F. (2004): Evolving to a New Dominant Logic for Marketing. In: Journal of Marketing 68(1): 1-17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vargo, S.L./Lusch, R.F. (2008): From goods to service(s): Divergences and convergences of logics. In: Industrial Marketing Management 37(3): 254-259.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wegener, D.T./Petty, R.E./Smoak, N.D./Fabrigar, L.R. (2004): Multiple Routes to Resisting Attitude Change. In: Knowles/Linn: Resistance and Persuasion. Lawrence Erlbaum: 13-38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiber, R./Mohr, L./Weiber, T. (2017): Butler-Services als Dienstleistungen 4.0 zur Entlastung von Konsumenten in ihren Alltagsprozessen. In: Bruhn/Hadwich: Dienstleistungen 4.0: Konzepte – Methoden – Instrumente. Band 1. Forum Dienstleistungsmanagement. Springer Gabler: 61-96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiber, R./Mühlhaus, D. (2014): Strukturgleichungsmodellierung. 2. Auflage. Springer Gabler.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiser, M. (1991): The Computer for the 21st Century. In: Scientific American 265(3): 94-104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wendlandt, M./Schrader, U. (2007): Consumer reactance against loyalty programs. In: Journal of Consumer Marketing 24(5): 293-304.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wierich, R. (2008): Personalisierung und Individualisierung von Coupons: Eine empirische Untersuchung der Kundenbindungswirkung individualisierter und personalisierter Coupons. Kohlhammer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, L.J./Hartman, N./Cavazotte, F. (2010): Method Variance and Marker Variables: A Review and Comprehensive CFA Marker Technique. In: Organizational Research Methods 13(3):477-514.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wortman, C.B./Brehm, J.W. (1975): Responses to uncontrollable outcomes: An integration of reactance theory and the learned helplessness model. In: Berkowitz: Advances in Experimental Social Psychology: Volume 8. Academic Press: 277- 336.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeithaml, V.A./Parasuraman, A./Berry, L.L. (1985): Problems and Strategies in Service Marketing. In: Journal of Marketing 49(2): 33-46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeng, D./Guo, S./Cheng, Z. (2011): The Web of Things: A Survey. In: Journal of Communications 6(6): 424-438.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. HWTK, Baden-Baden, Deutschland

    Christian Arnold

Authors
  1. Christian Arnold
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christian Arnold .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. HWTK Baden - Baden, Baden-Baden, Germany

    Christian Arnold

  2. Technik und Kultur gGmbH, Internationale Hochschule für Wirtschaft, Berlin, Germany

    Hermann Knödler

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Arnold, C. (2018). The effects of perceived convenience and psychological reactance on resistance at different levels of signalized autonomous e-service provisioning. In: Arnold, C., Knödler, H. (eds) Die informatisierte Service-Ökonomie. Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-21528-6_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-21528-6_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-658-21527-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-658-21528-6

  • eBook Packages: Business and Economics (German Language)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation