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Zugriff auf Wortbedeutungen

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Die Natur der Sprache

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Zusammenfassung

Wie auf lexikalische Bedeutungen Zugriff genommen wird, hängt von verschiedenen Variablen ab, einschließlich der Eingangsmodalität, morphosyntaktischer Strukturen, perzeptueller Merkmale und Abstraktheitsgrad. Sensorische und kategorienspezifische Störungen können durch Kaskadenprozesse innerhalb eines modalitätsunabhängigen lexikalisch-konzeptuellen Systems vorhergesagt werden. Lexikalische Bedeutungen sind dezentralisiert repräsentiert. Auch wenn die Bedeutung primär perzeptueller Natur ist, konzeptuelle Mediationsprozesse sind offensichtlich stets beim semantischen Zugriff beteiligt. Welche corticalen Areale aktiviert werden, hängt von Berechnungskosten und der Art des mit der lexikalischen Einheit assoziierten Inhalts ab. Die fMRT-Daten verdeutlichen, dass das Broca-Areal dann aktiviert wird, wenn der Zugriff auf idiomatische Phrasen höhere Berechnungskosten erfordert. Weiterhin stellt die „Geschwind-Region“ (Gyrus supramarginalis und Gyrus angularis) die Schaltstelle zwischen präfrontalen und temporookzipitalen Regionen dar und trägt entscheidend zu der Integration multi-sensorischer Erfahrung bei. Diese Region, die aus evolutionärer Sicht relativ jung zu sein scheint, ist vermutlich insbesondere an Prozessen beteiligt, die Aufmerksamkeit und Bewusstsein erfordern.

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    Dieter Hillert

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Hillert, D. (2018). Zugriff auf Wortbedeutungen. In: Die Natur der Sprache. Springer, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-20113-5_11

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