Zusammenfassung
Der Parteienwettbewerb hat sich in Nordwesteuropa seit den 1980er Jahren sowohl mit Blick auf die Inhalte als auch die Akteurskonfiguration stark gewandelt. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser langfristigen Veränderungen konzentriert sich der vorliegende Beitrag auf die Frage, welche Auswirkungen die große Rezession und die Eurokrise auf die Strukturierung des Parteienwettbewerbs hatten: Dienten sie als Katalysator für einen Wandel, der sich bereits lange vor der Krise abgezeichnet hat? Oder haben sie die langfristigen Trends vielmehr umgekehrt und konstituieren sie einen neue „kritische Wende“ in der Entwicklung des nationalen politischen Raums in Nordwesteuropa? Im vorliegenden Beitrag versuchen wir, diese Fragen anhand einer Analyse der Strukturierung des Parteienwettbewerbs auf der politischen Angebotsseite von sechs Ländern, im Zeitraum von den 1970er Jahren bis zum Frühling 2015, zu beantworten. Die untersuchten Länder sind Deutschland, Frankreich, Großbritannien, die Niederlande, Österreich und die Schweiz. Insgesamt dominiert in unseren Resultaten die Kontinuität. Die Krise hat zwar Konflikte zu wirtschaftlichen Fragen in allen Ländern außer Frankreich verstärkt, aber zu einem deutlichen Wandel ist es nicht gekommen. Wenn dann haben sich die langfristigen Trends eher verstärkt als umgedreht.
Abstract
Party competition has fundamentally changed in Northwestern Europe since the 1980s both in terms of its content and its actors’ configuration. In view of these long-term transformations, the present chapter deals with the impact of the Great Recession and the Euro crisis on the structuration of party competition: Have they served as a catalyst for changes that were underway long before the crisis hit Europe? Alternatively, have they been reversing long-term trends and may, therefore, constitute a new critical juncture in the transformation of the national political space in Northwestern Europe? To answer these questions, we study the structuration of party competition on the supply side in six countries for the period from the 1970s to spring 2015. The countries covered by the analysis are Austria, France, Germany, Great Britain, the Netherlands, and Switzerland. Overall, our results point to continuity. Apart from France, the crisis has increased conflicts over economic conflicts to some extent. However, we do not observe strong change – if at all, then the long-term trends have rather been reinforced than reversed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literatur
Afonso, A., und L. Rennwald. Im Erscheinen. The Changing Welfare Agenda of Populist Radical Right Parties in Europe. In Welfare State Reforms and Electoral Politics, Hrsg. P. Manow, B. Palier und H. Schwander. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Arndt, C. 2013. Beating social democracy on its own turf: issue convergence as winning formula for the centre-right in universal welfare states. Scandinavian Political Studies 37 (2): 149-170.
Bartels, L. M. 2014. Mass Politics in Tough Times. In Mass politics in tough times. Opinions, votes, and protest in the Great Recession, Hrsg. N. Bermeo, und L. Bartels, 1-39. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bélanger, E., und B. M. Meguid. 2008. Issue salience, issue ownership, and issue-based vote choice. Electoral Studies 27 (3): 477-491.
Betz, H.-G. 2015. The revenge of the ploucs: the revival of radical populism under Marine Le Pen in France. In European populism in the shadow of the Great Recession, Hrsg. H. Kriesi, und T. S. Pappas, 75-90. Colchester: ECPR Press.
Bornschier, S. 2010a. Cleavage Politics and the Populist Right. The New Cultural Conflict in Western Europe. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Bornschier, S. 2010b. The New Cultural Divide and the Two-Dimensional Political Space in Western Europe. West European Politics 33 (3): 419-444.
Bornschier, S. 2015. The New Cultural Conflict, Polarization, and Representation in the Swiss Party System, 1975-2011. Swiss Political Science Review 21 (4): 680–701.
Bremer, B. Im Erscheinen. The missing left? Economic crisis and the programmatic response of social democratic parties in Europe. Party Politics.
Clarke, H. D., D. Sanders, M. C. Stewart und P. Whiteley. 2004. Political Choice in Britain. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Conti, N., und V. Memoli. 2015. The Emergence of a New Party in the Italian Party System: Rise and Fortunes of the Five Star Movement. West European Politics 38 (3): 516-534.
Dancygier, R., und S. Walter. 2015. Globalization, labor market risks, and class cleavages. In The politics of advanced capitalism, Hrsg. P. Beramendi, S. Häusermann, H. Kitschelt und H. Kriesi, 133-156. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dolezal, M., S. Hutter und B. Wüest. 2012. Exploring the new cleavage across arenas and public debates: design and methods. In Political Conflict Western Europe, Hrsg. H. Kriesi, E. Grande, M. Dolezal, M. Helbling, D. Hoeglinger, S. Hutter und B. Wüest, 36-63. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dolezal, M., und E. Zeglovits. 2014. Almost an Earthquake: The Austrian Parliamentary Election of 2013. West European Politics 37 (3): 644-52.
Faas, T. 2014. The German Federal Election of 2013: Merkel’s Triumph, the Disappearance of the Liberal Party, and Yet Another Grand Coalition. West European Politics 38 (1): 238-47.
Gingrich, J., und S. Häusermann. 2015. The decline of the working-class vote, the reconfiguration of the welfare support coalition and consequences for the welfare state. Journal of European Social Policy 25 (1): 50-75.
Gougou, F., und S. Labouret. 2013. La fin de la tripartition? Les recompositions de la droite et la transformation du système partisan. Revue française de science politique 63 (2): 279-302.
Green-Pedersen, C., und P. B. Mortensen. 2010. Who sets the agenda and who responds to it in the Danish Parliament? A new model of issue competition and agenda-setting. European Journal of Political Research 49 (2): 257-281.
Hainmueller, J., und M. J. Hiscox. 2007. Educated preferences: explaining attitudes toward immigration in Europe. International Organization 61 (Spring): 399-442.
Hall, P. 2013. The political origins of our economic discontents: contemporary adjustment problems in historical perspective. In Politics in the new hard times: the Great Recession in comparative perspective, Hrsg. M. Kahler und D. A. Lake, 129-149. Cornell: Cornell University Press.
Häusermann, S. Im Erscheinen. Electoral realignment and social policy positions of social democratic parties. In Welfare State Reforms and Electoral Politics, Hrsg. P. Manow, B. Palier und H. Schwander. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hernandez, E., und H. Kriesi. 2016. The electoral consequences of the financial and economic crisis in Europe. European Journal of Political Review 55 (2): 203-224.
Hobolt, S. B., und C. E. de Vries. 2015. Issue Entrepreneurship and Multiparty Competition. Comparative Political Studies 48 (9): 1159-1185
Hutter, S., und E. Grande. 2014. Politicizing Europe in the National Electoral Arena: A Comparative Analysis of Five West European Countries, 1970–2010. Journal of Common Market Studies 52 (5): 1002-18.
Hutter, S., E. Grande und H. Kriesi. Hrsg. Im Erscheinen. Politicising Europe: Integration and Mass Politics. Cambridge University Press.
Hutter, S., H. Kriesi und G. Vidal. 2016. Old versus New Politics: The Political Spaces in Southern Europe in Times of Crises. Party Politics.
Inglehart, R. 1990. Culture shift in advanced industrial society. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Inglehart, R. 1977. The Silent Revolution. Changing values and political styles among western publics. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Katsanidou, A., und S. Otjes. 2015. How the European debt crisis reshaped national political space: The case of Greece. European Union Politics 17 (2): 262-284.
Kitschelt, H. 1994. The transformation of European social democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kitschelt, H., mit A. J. McGann. 1995. The radical right in Western Europe: A comparative analysis. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Kitschelt, H. 2007. Growth and Persistence of the Radical Right in Postindustrial Democracies: Advances and Challenges in Comparative Research. West European Politics 30 (5): 1176-206.
de Koster, W., P. Achterberg, und J. van der Waal. 2013. The new right and the welfare state: The electoral relevance of welfare chauvinism and welfare populism in the Netherlands. International Political Science Review 34 (1): 3-20.
Kriesi, H. 1989. New Social Movements and the New Class in the Netherlands, American Journal of Sociology 94 (5): 1078-1116.
Kriesi, H., E. Grande, R. Lachat, M. Dolezal, S. Bornschier und T. Frey. 2006. Globalization and the Transformation of the National Political Space: Six European Countries Compared. European Journal of Political Research 45 (6): 921-56.
Kriesi, H., E. Grande, R. Lachat, M. Dolezal, S. Bornschier und T. Frey. 2008. West European Politics in the Age of Globalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kriesi, H., E. Grande, M. Dolezal, M. Helbling, D. Hoeglinger, S. Hutter und B. Wüest. 2012. Political Conflict in Western Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lucardie, P., und G. Voerman. 2011. The Netherlands. European Journal of Political Research 50 (7-8): 1070-76.
Mader, M. 2014. The German Federal Election, September 2013. Electoral Studies 34: 353-56.
Mair, P. 2011. Bini Smaghi vs. the Parties: Representative Government and Institutional Constraints. EUI Working Paper, RSCAS 2011/22.
Martin, P. 2013. Le déclin des partis de gouvernement en Europe. Commentaire 143 (3): 543-54.
Meguid, B. M. 2005. Competition Between Unequals: The Role of Mainstream Party Strategy in Niche Party Success. American Political Science Review 99 (3): 347-359. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055405051701
Michel, E. 2015. Radical right and the welfare state: the electoral relevance of welfare politics. Unveröffentlichtes Manuskript.
Morgan, K. 2015. Electoral competition over state and nation. In Welfare State Reforms and Electoral Politics, Hrsg. P. Manow, B. Palier und H. Schwander. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Unveröffentlichter Sammelband.
Müller-Rommel, F. Hrsg. 1989. New politics in Western Europe: The rise and success of green parties and alternative lists. Boulder: Westview Press.
Oesch, D. 2008. Explaining workers’ support for right-wing populist parties in Western Europe: evidence from Austria, Belgium, France, Norway and Switzerland. International Political Science Review 29 (3): 349-373.
Oesch, D. 2013. The class basis of the cleavage between the New Left and the radical right: an analysis for Austria, Denmark, Norway and Switzerland. In Class Politics and the Radical Right, Hrsg. J. Rydgren, 31-51. London: Routledge.
Otjes, S., und G. Voerman. 2013. The Netherlands. European Journal of Political Research Political Data Yearbook 52 (1): 162-169.
Pappas, T. S., und H. Kriesi. 2015. Populism and crisis – a fuzzy relationship. In European populism in the shadow of the Great Recession, Hrsg. H. Kriesi und T. S. Pappas, 303-326. Colchester: ECPR-Press.
Petrocik, J. R. 1996: Issue Ownership in Presidential Elections, with a 1980 Case Study. American Journal of Political Science 40 (3): 825-850.
Pontusson, J., und D. Raess. 2012. How (and Why) is This Time Different? The Politics of Economic Crisis in Western Europe and the United States. Annual Review of Political Science 15: 13-33.
Sides, J. 2006. The Origins of Campaign Agendas. British Journal of Political Science 36 (3): 407-436.
Stokes, D. 1963. Spatial models of party competition, American Political Science Review 57 (2): 368-77.
Stokes, D. 1992. Valence Politics. In Electoral Politics, Hrsg. Dennis Kavanagh, 141-64. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Taylor, M, und V.M. Herman. 1971. Party Systems and Government Stability. The American Political Science Review 65(1): 28-37
Tiberj, V. 2013. Values and the votes from Mitterrand to Hollande: The rise of the two-axis politics. Parliamentary Affairs 66 (1): 69-86.
Van Kessel, S. 2015. Dutch populism during the crisis. In European populism in the shadow of the Great Recession, Hrsg. H. Kriesi und T. S. Pappas, 107-37. Colchester: ECPRPress.
Ward, D., J. Hyun Kim, M. Graham und M. Tavits. 2015. How economic integration affects party issue emphasis, Comparative Political Studies 48 (10): 1227-59.
Whitaker, R. 2011. United Kingdom, European Journal for Political Research 50 (7-8): 1164-74.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kriesi, H., Hutter, S., Lorenzini, J. (2018). Restrukturierung des west - europäischen Parteienwettbewerbs in der großen Rezession. In: Anders, L., Scheller, H., Tuntschew, T. (eds) Parteien und die Politisierung der Europäischen Union. Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-19283-9_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-19283-9_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer VS, Wiesbaden
Print ISBN: 978-3-658-19282-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-658-19283-9
eBook Packages: Social Science and Law (German Language)