Abstract
In the late 1980s New Zealand moved from a regulated to a deregulated media environment and created the conditions to enable a free market to operate. The orthodoxy was that the government would lessen its involvement as a provider and regulator of broadcasting services in the pursuit of greater economic efficiency and consumer benefits. It is argued that the history of New Zealand broadcasting is marked by a failure of government to introduce broadcasting policies that clearly identified the issues and guided the response, that recognized the distinctiveness of the sector, that were broadly supported by the public, that were formed as the result of extensive public consultation or that gained a measure of public approval and attachment after their implementation. The result is a broadcasting history that has seen four major policy changes of direction and innumerable twists and turns within each of these policy approaches.
I think we have been world leaders in the way we have been able to come to grips with the new economic philosophies and have related these to broadcasting.
Jonathan Hunt,
New Zealand’s Minister of Broadcasting, 1989.
Quoted in Smith (1989, p. 46).
Notes
- 1.
Although the Treasury thinkers thought this would be an interim measure and eventually a‘free market’ in broadcasting would satisfy all consumer needs.
- 2.
The same writer, Ian Cross, was also reported as saying that broadcasting‘has suffered as no other public institution has in our history at the hands of confused and sometimes punitive legislators’ (in Day 2000 et al. 325).
References
Broadcasting Act. (1961). No. 117, Broadcasting Corporation, 1751. http://www.nzlii.org/nz/legis/hist_act/bca19611961n117282.pdf. Accessed 22 Aug 2016.
Cleveland, L. (1969). The New Zealand mass media system: Functions and responsibilities. Political Science (New Zealand), 21(2), 36–48.
Cross, I. (1988). The Unlikely Bureaucrat: My years in broadcasting. Wellington: Allen & Unwin.
Day, P. (2000). Voice and vision: A history of broadcasting in New Zealand. Auckland: Auckland University Press.
Debrett, M. (2004). Branding documentary: New Zealand’s minimalist solution to cultural subsidy. Media, Culture and Society, 26(1), 5–23.
Debrett, M. (2010). Reinventing public service television for the digital future. Bristol: Intellect.
Dunleavy, T. (2008). New Zealand television and the struggle for ‘public service’. Media, Culture and Society, 30(6), 795–811.
Franklin, B. (Ed.). (2001). British television policy: A reader. London: Routledge.
Gregory, R. J. (1985). Politics and broadcasting: Before and beyond the NZBC. Palmerston North: The Dunmore Press.
Lannon, K. (1992). Broadcasting in New Zealand: Deregulation and programme standards. A report for the British Broadcasting Standards Council and the Commonwealth Relations Trust.
Loates, L. (1989). Media stars. More, 166,100–103.
Mayhew, J., & Bradley-Jones, L. (2005). Contestable funding: Lessons from New Zealand. In D. Helm (Ed.), Can the market deliver? Funding public service television in the digital age (pp. 151–169). Eastleigh: John Libbey Publishing.
New Zealand Herald. (1986. August 14). TV licence fee survives. New Zealand Herald, p. 6 (unattributed editorial).
New Zealand Herald. (1988. April 27). Broadcasting shakeup. New Zealand Herald, p. 8 (unattributed editorial).
Noam, E. (1991). Television in Europe. New York: Oxford University Press.
Norris, P., & Comrie, M. (2005). Changes in Radio News 1994–2004. In K. Neill & M. Shanahan (Eds.), The great New Zealand radio experiment (pp. 175–194). Southbank: Thomson Dunmore Press.
Prebble, R. (1988). Broadcasting: Competition policy and implementing government’s social objectives. Wellington: Office of the Minister of Broadcasting.
Report of the Committee on the Financing of the BBC. (1986). Cmnd. 9824. London: HMSO.
Report of the Royal Commission of Inquiry. (1986). Broadcasting and related telecommunications in New Zealand. Wellington: Government Printer.
Shanahan, M., & Duignan, G. (2005). The impact of deregulation on the evolution of New Zealand commercial radio. In K. Neill & M. Shanahan (Eds.), The great New Zealand radio experiment (pp. 17–46). Southbank: Thomson Dunmore Press.
Stevenson, J. R. A. (1988). Speech notes – Address to the Television Producers and Directors Association Annual General Meeting, 1 September, p. 10. Wellington.
Sunday Star Times. (2016). Bloody Marvellous! John Campbell and Morning Report lead RNZ to a rating resurgence. Stuff.co.nz, 31 July. http://www.stuff.co.nz/business/industries/82627601/Bloody-marvellous-John-Campbell-and-Morning-Report-lead-RNZ-to-a-ratings-resurgence. Accessed 16 Aug 2016.
Smith, P. (1989). Media wait is no joke. Broadcast (UK), 21 April, pp. 44–46.
Thompson, P. A. (2000). A road to nowhere? Broadcasting and the ‚third way‘ in New Zealand. Communication Journal of New Zealand, 1(1), 20–58.
Thompson, P. A. (2004). Unto god or unto Caesar? Television after the TVNZ Charter. Communication Journal of New Zealand, 5(2), 60–91.
The Treasury. (1985). Treasury submission to the Royal Commission on Broadcasting and Related Telecommunications. Wellington: The Treasury.
Veljanovski, C. (1990). Market driven broadcasting: Not myth but reality. Intermedia, 18(6), 17–21.
Williamson, M. (1991. September 26). Broadcasting—Now hear the good news. New Zealand Herald, p. 8.
Wilson, H. (1994). Radio in New Zealand: The new policy environment. Sydney: ANZCA (Unpublished paper).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Cocker, A. (2018). New Zealand: A Deregulated Broadcasting Model?. In: Herzog, C., Hilker, H., Novy, L., Torun, O. (eds) Transparency and Funding of Public Service Media – Die deutsche Debatte im internationalen Kontext. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-17997-7_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-17997-7_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer VS, Wiesbaden
Print ISBN: 978-3-658-17996-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-658-17997-7
eBook Packages: Social Science and Law (German Language)