Zusammenfassung
Ob ein Businessplan den Entstehungsprozess eines jungen Unternehmens vorantreibt oder gar behindert, ist eine der am kontroversesten diskutierten Fragen in der Gründungsforschung. Dieser Beitrag geht über die Differenzierung zwischen der Unternehmensplanung als Aktivität und dem Businessplan als formales Ergebnis hinaus und präsentiert einen Ansatz, der an den Lebenszyklus entstehender Unternehmen angepasst ist. Dabei wird diskutiert, welche Planungswerkzeuge für die jeweilige Lebenszyklusphase am zutreffendsten sind. Hierdurch soll ein gangbarer Kompromiss für die Betrachtung einer Unternehmensplanung im Spannungsfeld zwischen dem externen, normativen Druck und dem dynamischen, strategischen Handeln geschaffen werden.
Dr. Alexander Becker | Dieser Beitrag ist eine überarbeitete Version eines Kapitels meiner Dissertation „Factual and interpersonal aspects influencing an integrative multi-stage new venture creation process model“ an der Technischen Universität Berlin | alexanderbecker@mac.com.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literatur
Allinson, C.W., Chell, E. und Hayes, J. (2000) ʻIntuition and entrepreneurial behaviourʼ, European Journal of Work & Organizational Psychology, Vol. 9, Nr. 1, S. 31–43.
Amabile, T.M. (1997) ʻEntrepreneurial creativity through motivational synergyʼ, Journal of Creative Behavior, Vol. 31, Nr. 1, S. 18–26.
Amit, R. und Zott, C. (2001) ʻValue creation in E-Businessʼ, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 22, Nr. 6/7, S. 493–520.
Ansoff, H.I. (1965) Corporate Strategy. An analytic approach to business policy for growth and expansion, MacGraw-Hill, New York.
Ansoff, H.I. (1994) ʻComment on Henry Mintzberg’s rethinking strategic planningʼ, Long Range Planning, Vol. 27, Nr. 3, S. 31–32.
Armstrong, J.S. (1982) ʻThe value of formal planning for strategic decisions: Review of empirical research.ʼ, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 3, Nr. 3, S. 197–211.
Bandura, A. (1997) Self-efficacy in changing societies, University Press, Cambridge.
Bhidé, A.V. (2000) The origin and evolution of new businesses, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Bingham, C., Eisenhardt, K.M. und Furr, N. (2007) ʻWhat makes a process a capability? Heuristics, strategy and effective capture of opportunitiesʼ, Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, Vol. 1, Nr. 1-2, S. 27–47.
Bird, B.J. (1988) ʻImplementing entrepreneurial ideas: The case for intentionʼ, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 13, Nr. 3, S. 442–453.
Block, Z. und MacMillan, I.C. (1985) ʻMilestones for successful venture planningʼ, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 63, Nr. 5, S. 184–196.
Bracker, J.S. aund Pearson, J.N. (1986) ʻPlanning and financial performance of small, mature firmsʼ, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 7, Nr. 6, S. 503–522.
Brinckmann, J., Grichnik, D. und Kapsa, D. (2010) ʻShould entrepreneurs plan or just storm the castle? A meta-analysis on contextual factors impacting the business planning-performance relationship in small firmsʼ, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 25, Nr. 1, S. 24–40.
Busenitz, L.W. und Barney, J.B. (1997) ʻDifferences between entrepreneurs and managers in large organizations: Biases and heuristics in strategic decision-makingʼ, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 12, Nr. 1, S. 9–30.
Carter, N.M., Gartner, W.B. und Reynolds, P.D. (1996) ʻExploring start-up event sequencesʼ, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 11, Nr. 3, S. 151–166.
Casadesus-Masanell, R. und Ricart, J.E. (2011) ʻHow to design a winning business modelʼ, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 89, Nr. 1/2, S. 100–107.
Castrogiovanni, G.J. (1996) ʻPre-Startup planning and the survival of new small businesses: Theoretical linkagesʼ, Journal of Management, Vol. 22, Nr. 6, S. 801–822.
Chandler, A.D. (1962) Strategy and structure. Chapters in the history of the industrial enterprise, MIT Press, Cambridge.
Chesbrough, H.W. (2007) ʻWhy companies should have open business modelsʼ, MIT Sloan Management Review, Vol. 48, Nr. 2, S. 22–28.
Chrisman, J.J., McMullan, E.W. und Hall, J.A. (2005) ʻThe influence of guided preparation on the long-term performance of new venturesʼ, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 20, Nr. 6, S. 769–791.
Cope, R.G. (1989) High involvement strategic planning. When people and their ideas matter, Blackwell, Oxford.
Delmar, F. und Shane, S.A. (2003) ʻDoes business planning facilitate the development of new ventures?ʼ, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 24, Nr. 12, S. 1165–1185.
Delmar, F. und Shane, S.A. (2004) ʻLegitimating first: Organizing activities and the survival of new venturesʼ, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 19, Nr. 3, S. 385–410.
DiMaggio, P.J. und Powell, W.W. (1983) ʻThe iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fieldsʼ, American Sociological Review, Vol. 48, Nr. 2, S. 147–160.
Drucker, P.F. (1974) Management. Tasks responsibilities practices, Harper & Row, New York.
Eckhardt, J.T. und Ciuchta, M.P. (2008) ʻSelected variation: The population-level implications of multistage selection in entrepreneurship.ʼ, Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, Vol. 2, Nr. 3, S. 209–224.
Eisenhardt, K.M. und Martin, J.A. (2000) ʻDynamic capabilities: What are they?ʼ, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 21, Nr. 10/11, S. 1105–1121.
Goodstein, L.D., Pfeiffer, W.J. und Nolan, T.M. (1991) ʻApplied strategic planning: A revised model for organizational growth and vitalityʼ, in Pfeiffer, W.J. (Hrsg.), Strategic planning. Selected readings, Pfeiffer Wiley, San Diego, S. IX–XXXIX.
Grant, R.M. (2003) ʻStrategic planning in a turbulent environment: Evidence from the oil majorsʼ, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 24, Nr. 6, S. 491–517.
Gruber, M. (2007) ʻUncovering the value of planning in new venture creation: A process and contingency perspectiveʼ, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 22, Nr. 6, S. 782–807.
Gruber, M. (2010) ʻGetting to plan B: Breaking through to a better business modelʼ, Academy of Management Perspectives, Vol. 24, Nr. 3, S. 93–96.
Gumpert, D.E. (2002) Burn your business plan! What investors really want from entrepreneurs, Lauson, Needham.
Gup, B.E. (1991) ʻBegin strategic planning by asking three questionsʼ, in Pfeiffer, W.J. (Hrsg.), Strategic planning. Selected readings, Pfeiffer Wiley, San Diego, S. 74–85.
Hamel, G. und Prahalad, C.K. (1989) ʻStrategic intentʼ, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 67, Nr. 3, S. 63–76.
Hamel, G. und Prahalad, C.K. (1991) ʻCorporate imagination and expeditionary marketingʼ, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 69, Nr. 4, S. 81–92.
Henricks, M. (2008) ʻDo you really need a business plan?ʼ, Entrepreneur, Vol. 36, Nr. 12, S. 92–95.
Hitt, M.A., Ireland, R.D., Sirmon, D.G. und Trahms, C.A. (2011) ʻStrategic entrepreneurship: Creating value for individuals, organizations, and societyʼ, Academy of Management Perspectives, Vol. 25, Nr. 2, S. 57–75.
Hmieleski, K.M. und Corbett, A.C. (2008) ʻThe contrasting interaction effects of improvisational behavior with entrepreneurial self-efficacy on new venture performance and entrepreneur work satisfactionʼ, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 23, Nr. 4, S. 482–496.
Honig, B. und Karlsson, T. (2004) ʻInstitutional forces and the written business planʼ, Journal of Management, Vol. 30, Nr. 1, S. 29–48.
Hope, J. und Fraser , R. (2013) Bey ond budgeting: How managers can break free from the annual performance trap , Harvard Business Press, Boston.
Karp, T. (2006) ʻThe inner entrepreneur: A constructivistic view of entrepreneurial reality constructionʼ, Journal of Change Management, Vol. 6, Nr. 3, S. 291–304.
Kastens, M.L. (1991) ʻThe why and how of planningʼ, in Pfeiffer, W.J. (Hrsg.), Strategic planning. Selected readings, Pfeiffer Wiley, San Diego, S. 6–12.
Kind, S. und zu Knyphausen-Aufseß, D. (2007) ʻWhat is ‘Business Development’? The Case of Biotechnologyʻ, Schmalenbach Business Review, Vol. 59, S. 176-199.
zu Knyphausen-Aufseß, D. und Goodwin, S. (2009) ʻDie Gestaltung von Gründungswettbewerbenʼ, Zeitschrift für Management, Vol. 4, Nr. 2, S. 131–152.
zu Knyphausen-Aufseß, D. und Stadler, L. (2011) ʻWelchen Nutzen bieten Businessplan-Wettbewerbe für Gründungsvorhaben?ʼ, WiSt; Zeitschrift für Studium und Forschung, Vol. 40, Nr. 10, S. 500–506.
Krueger, N.F. (2007) ʻWhat lies beneath? The experiential essence of entrepreneurial thinkingʼ, Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, Vol. 31, Nr. 1, S. 123–138.
Lange, J.E., Mollov, A., Pearlmutter, M., Singh, S. und Bygrave, W.D. (2007) ʻPre-start-up formal business plans and post-start-up performance: A study of 116 new venturesʼ, Venture Capital, Vol. 9, Nr. 4, S. 237–256.
Lawrence, T.B. (1999) ʻInstitutional strategyʼ, Journal of Management, Vol. 25, Nr. 2, S. 161–187.
Liao, J. und Gartner, W.B. (2006) ʻThe effects of pre-venture plan timing and perceived environmental uncertainty on the persistence of emerging firmsʼ, Small Business Economics, Vol. 27, Nr. 1, S. 23–40.
Maguire, S., Hardy, C. und Lawrence, T.B. (2004) ʻInstitutional entrepreneurship in emerging fields: HIV/Aids treatment advocacy in Canadaʼ, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 47, Nr. 5, S. 657–679.
Mainprize, B. und Hindle, K. (2007) ʻThe benefit: A well-written entrepreneurial business plan is to an entrepreneur what a midwife is to an expecting motherʼ, Journal of Private Equity, Vol. 11, Nr. 1, S. 40–52.
Matherne, B.P. (2004) ʻIf you fail to plan, do you plan to fail?ʼ, Academy of Management Executive, Vol. 18, Nr. 4, S. 156–157.
McGrath, R.G. und MacMillan, I.C. (1995) ʻDiscovery-driven planningʼ, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 73, Nr. 4, S. 44–54.
Meyer, J.W. und Rowan, B. (1977) ʻInstitutionalized organizations: Formal structure as myth and ceremonyʼ, The American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 83, Nr. 2, S. 340–363.
Miller, C.C. und Cardinal, L.B. (1994) ʻStrategic planning and firm performance: A synthesis of more than two decades of researchʼ, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 37, Nr. 6, S. 1649–1665.
Mintzberg, H. (1990) ʻThe design school: Reconsidering the basic premises of strategic management ʼ, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 11, Nr. 3, S. 171–195.
Mintzberg, H. (1991) ʻLearning 1, planning 0 reply to Igor Ansoffʼ, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 12, Nr. 6, S. 463–466.
Mintzberg, H. (1994a) The rise and fall of strategic planning, Prentice Hall, New York.
Mintzberg, H. (1994b) ʻRethinking strategic planning part I: Pitfalls and fallaciesʼ, Long Range Planning, Vol. 27, Nr. 3, S. 12–21.
Moehle von Hoffmannswaldau, A. (2004) Organising in team based new ventures. Dissertation, Otto-Friedrich-Universität, Bamberg.
Moore, J.F. (1993) ʻPredators and prey: A New ecology of competitionʼ, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 71, Nr. 3, S. 75–86.
Morris, M.H., Schindehutte, M. und Allen, J. (2005) ʻThe entrepreneur’s business model: Toward a unified perspectiveʼ, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 58, Nr. 6, S. 726–735.
Mullins, J.W. (2010) ʻVoices: what to do before you write a business planʼ, Business Strategy Review, Vol. 21, Nr. 4, S. 92–93.
Oliver, C. (1997) ʻSustainable competitive advantage: Combining institutional and resource-based viewsʼ, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 18, Nr. 9, S. 697–713.
Peng, M.W. (2002) ʻTowards an institution-based view of business strategyʼ, Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Vol. 19, Nr. 2/3, S. 251–267.
Pfeiffer, W.J. (Hrsg.), (1991) Strategic planning. Selected readings, Pfeiffer Wiley, San Diego.
Phillips, N. und Tracey, P. (2007) ʻOpportunity recognition, entrepreneurial capabilities and bricolage: Connecting institutional theory and entrepreneurship in strategic organizationʼ, Strategic Organization, Vol. 5, Nr. 3, S. 313–320.
Powell, T.C. (1992) ʻResearch notes and communications strategic planning as competitive advantageʼ, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 13, Nr. 7, S. 551–558.
Ramanujam, V. und Venkatraman, N. (1987) ʻPlanning system characteristics and planning effectivenessʼ, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 8, Nr. 5, S. 453–468.
Read, S. und Sarasvathy, S.D. (2005) ʻKnowing what to do and doing what you know: Effectuation as a form of entrepreneurial expertiseʼ, Journal of Private Equity, Vol. 9, Nr. 1, S. 45–62.
Robinson, R.B. und Pearce II, J.A. (1984) ʻResearch thrusts in small firm strategic planningʼ, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 9, Nr. 1, S. 128–137.
Rogers, P.R., Miller, A. und Judge, W.Q. (1999) ʻUsing information-processing theory to understand planning/performance relationships in the context of strategyʼ, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 20, Nr. 6, S. 567–577.
Sarasvathy, S.D. (2001) ʻCausation and effectuation: Toward a theoretical shift from economic inevitability to entrepreneurial contingencyʼ, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 26, Nr. 2, S. 243–263.
Sarasvathy, S.D. und Dew, N. (2005) ʻNew market creation through transformationʼ, Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Vol. 15, Nr. 5, S. 533–565.
Schwenk, C.B. und Shrader, C.B. (1993) ʻEffects of formal strategic planning on financial performance in small firms: A meta-analysisʼ, Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, Vol. 17, Nr. 3, S. 53–64.
Sexton, D.L. und Bowman-Upton, N.B. (1990) Entrepreneurship. Creativity and growth, MacMillan, New York.
Shane, S.A. und Delmar, F. (2004) ʻPlanning for the market: Business planning before marketing and the continuation of organizing effortsʼ, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 19, Nr. 6, S. 767–785.
Sheng-Hsien, L. (2012) ʻA study of the form of organizations: Toward an integrative framework of population ecology and institutionalismʼ, International Journal of Business & Management, Vol. 7, Nr. 10, S. 108–115.
Shrader, C.B., Taylor, L. und Dalton, D.R. (1984) ʻStrategic planning and organizational performance: A critical appraisalʼ, Journal of Management, Vol. 10, Nr. 2, S. 149–171.
Suchman, M.C. (1995) ʻManaging legitimacy: Strategic and institutional approachesʼ, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 20, Nr. 3, S. 571–610.
Szulanski, G. und Amin, K. (2001) ʻLearning to make strategy: Balancing discipline and imaginationʼ, Long Range Planning, Vol. 34, Nr. 5, S. 537–556.
Teece, D.J. (2007) ʻExplicating dynamic capabilities: The nature and microfoundations of (sustainable) enterprise performanceʼ, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 28, Nr. 13, S. 1319–1350.
Teece, D.J., Pisano, G. und Shuen, A. (1997) ʻDynamic capabilities and strategic managementʼ, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 18, Nr. 7, S. 509–533.
Timmons, J.A. und Gumpert, D.E. (1980) ʻA business plan is more than a financing deviceʼ, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 58, Nr. 2, S. 28–34.
Walsh, J.P. und Dewar, R.D. (1987) ʻFormalization and the organizational life cycleʼ, Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 24, Nr. 3, S. 215–231.
Ward, T.B. (2004) ʻCognition, creativity, and entrepreneurshipʼ, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 19, Nr. 2, S. 173–188.
Weick, K. E. (1987) ʻSubstitutes for strategyʼ, in Teece D. J. (Hrsg.), The Competitive Challenge: Strategies for Industrial Innovation and Renewal, Ballinger, Cambridge, S. 222–233
Wiltbank, R., Dew, N., Read, S. und Sarasvathy, S.D. (2006) ʻWhat to do next? The case for nonpredictive strategyʼ, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 27, Nr. 10, S. 981–998.
Witt, P. (2015) ʻIdeenformulierung in Businessplänenʼ, in Freiling, J. und Kollmann, T. (Hrsg.), Entrepreneurial Marketing. Besonderheiten, Aufgaben und Lösungsansätze für Gründungsunternehmen, Springer, Wiesbaden, S. 263–276.
Wyckham, R.G. und Wedley, W.C. (1990) ʻFactors related to venture feasibility analysis and business plan preparation.ʼ, Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 28, Nr. 4, S. 48–59.
Zimmerman, M.A. und Zeitz, G.J. (2002) ʻBeyond survival: Achieving new venture growth by building legitimacy.ʼ, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 27, Nr. 3, S. 414–431.
Zott, C., Amit, R. und Massa, L. (2011) ʻThe business model: Recent developments and future researchʼ, Journal of Management, Vol. 37, Nr. 4, S. 1019–1042.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Becker, A. (2017). Planung ohne Businessplan? Junge Unternehmen im Spannungsfeld zwischen normativem Druck und strategischem Handeln. In: Pechlaner, H., Poppe, XI. (eds) Crowd Entrepreneurship. Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-17031-8_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-17031-8_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden
Print ISBN: 978-3-658-17030-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-658-17031-8
eBook Packages: Business and Economics (German Language)