Abstract
Innovation, as a means of improving new product and process, is able to transform the quality of tradable goods at the context of international trade relations. Developments in educational level of labour force, vocational technical capacity and capability configure product range like research and development (R&D) activities in such a way that it contains further technologies. R&D expenditures and increasing schooling rates enable to use and reach advanced technology by increasing the quality of labour force. This situation develops not only general export volume but also the technology contents of exports. Increasing advanced technology exports increases welfare gains through foreign trade. On the other hand, fixed capital investments and foreign direct investments are in the basic inputs of innovativeness capacity.
Turkish economy has experienced important economical and technological transformations since the midst of 1990s. Economic growth of the country has been recorded regularly except for 2001 and 2009. GDP value per capita has three‐folded since the beginning of 2000s until today.
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Kutlar, A., Bayraktutan, Y., Bıdırdı, H. (2018). Determining Performances of Innovation and Exports in Turkey and Selected Countries via Malmquist Index for the Period of 1996–2012. In: Bakırcı, F., Heupel, T., Kocagöz, O., Özen, Ü. (eds) German-Turkish Perspectives on IT and Innovation Management. FOM-Edition(). Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-16962-6_11
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-16962-6_11
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