Abstract
The gasoline direct injection (GDi) engine cold-start emissions of unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) and particulate emissions, prior to the full catalyst warm-up, are a substantial source of engine emissions and the primary challenge to meet the Euro6D and US Tier5 emission regulations. Figure 1 presents typical accumulated particulate emissions from a GDi engine, with homogeneous combustion operation, under the new European drive cycle (NEDC). It illustrates the large proportion of particulate emissions during the engine cold-start phase.
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Befrui, B., Hoffmann, G., Spiekermann, P., Piock, W.F. (2017). A Comparative Study of the Fuel Pressure and Temperature Effects on the GDi Multi-Hole Spray. In: Tschöke, H., Marohn, R. (eds) 10. Tagung Diesel- und Benzindirekteinspritzung 2016. Proceedings. Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-15327-4_15
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-15327-4_15
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